Momwe tingadziwire tonality ya chidutswa: timachidziwa ndi khutu ndi zolemba.

Kuti mudziwe momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa ntchito, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa lingaliro la "tonality". Mumadziwa kale mawuwa, ndiye ndingokukumbutsani osaphunziranso chiphunzitsocho.

Tonality - kawirikawiri, ndi phula la phokoso, pamenepa - phokoso la phokoso lamtundu uliwonse - mwachitsanzo, zazikulu kapena zazing'ono. Njira ndiyo kupanga sikelo molingana ndi dongosolo linalake ndipo, kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wamtundu wina wa sikelo (mawonekedwe akulu amalumikizidwa ndi ma toni opepuka, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amalumikizidwa ndi zolemba zachisoni, mthunzi).

Kutalika kwa cholemba chilichonse kumatengera tonic yake (cholemba chachikulu chokhazikika). Ndiko kuti, tonic ndi cholemba chomwe fret imamangiriridwa. Mawonekedwe, polumikizana ndi tonic, amapereka tonality - ndiko kuti, phokoso la phokoso lokonzedwa mwadongosolo linalake, lomwe lili pamtunda wina.

Kodi kudziwa tonality wa chidutswa ndi khutu?

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa izi osati pa mphindi iliyonse ya phokoso mutha kunena molondola kuti gawo lina la ntchitoyo likumveka bwanji kusankha mphindi payekha ndi kuwasanthula. Kodi nthawi izi ndi ziti? Izi zikhoza kukhala chiyambi kapena mapeto a ntchito, komanso mapeto a gawo la ntchito kapena mawu osiyana. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa zoyambira ndi zomaliza zimamveka zokhazikika, zimakhazikitsa tonality, ndipo pakati nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusuntha kutali ndi tonality yayikulu.

Chifukwa chake, mutasankha nokha chidutswa, tcherani khutu ku zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kodi maganizo ambiri mu ntchito ndi otani - zazikulu kapena zazing'ono?
2. Ndi phokoso liti lomwe ndilokhazikika kwambiri, ndi phokoso liti lomwe liyenera kumaliza ntchitoyi?

Mukazindikira izi, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso. Zimatengera mtundu wa kupendekera kaya ndi kiyi yayikulu kapena makiyi ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti, makiyiwo ali ndi mtundu wanji. Chabwino, tonic, ndiko kuti, phokoso lokhazikika lomwe mudamva, likhoza kusankhidwa pa chidacho. Chifukwa chake, mumadziwa tonic ndipo mumadziwa malingaliro a modal. Ndi chiyani chinanso chofunika? Palibe, ingowalumikizani pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munamva kamvekedwe kakang'ono ndi tonic F, ndiye fungulo lidzakhala F laling'ono.

Momwe mungadziwire tonality ya nyimbo mu pepala nyimbo?

Koma kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuchuluka kwa nyimbo ngati muli ndi nyimbo m'manja mwanu? Mwinamwake mwaganiza kale kuti muyenera kulabadira zizindikiro pa kiyi. Nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro izi ndi tonic, mutha kudziwa molondola chinsinsicho, chifukwa zizindikiro zazikulu zimakupatsirani zowona, zomwe zimangopereka makiyi awiri okha: chachikulu chimodzi ndi chaching'ono chofanana. Ndendende zomwe tonality mu ntchito anapatsidwa zimadalira tonic. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zizindikiro zazikulu apa.

Kupeza tonic kungakhale kovuta. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi mawu omaliza a nyimbo kapena mawu ake omalizidwa momveka bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhalanso oyamba. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chimayamba ndi kugunda (muyeso wosakwanira wotsogolera woyamba), ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri cholembera chokhazikika sichikhala choyamba, koma chomwe chimagwera pa kugunda kwamphamvu kwa muyeso woyamba wamba.

Tengani nthawi yoyang'ana gawo lotsatizana; kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuganiza kuti cholembacho ndi chiyani. Nthawi zambiri kutsaganako kumaseweredwa pa tonic triad, yomwe, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, imakhala ndi tonic, ndipo, mwa njira, nayonso. Chotsatira chomaliza chimakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

Kuti mufotokoze mwachidule zomwe zili pamwambapa, nazi njira zingapo zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mukufuna kudziwa chinsinsi cha chidutswa:

1. Ndi khutu - pezani momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera (yaikulu kapena yaying'ono).
2. Pokhala ndi zolemba m'manja mwanu, yang'anani zizindikiro zakusintha (pa makiyi kapena mwachisawawa m'malo omwe fungulo likusintha).
3. Tsimikizirani tonic - mwachizolowezi ichi ndi mawu oyamba kapena omaliza a nyimboyo, ngati sichikugwirizana - dziwani khola, "reference" cholemba ndi khutu.

Ndikumva kuti ndiye chida chanu chachikulu pakuthana ndi vuto lomwe nkhaniyi yaperekedwa. Potsatira malamulo osavuta awa, mudzatha kudziwa tonality ya nyimbo mwamsanga ndi molondola, ndipo kenako mudzaphunzira kudziwa tonality poyamba kuona. Zabwino zonse!

Mwa njira, lingaliro labwino kwa inu pachiyambi likhoza kukhala pepala lachinyengo lodziwika kwa oimba onse - bwalo la magawo asanu a makiyi akuluakulu. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito - ndiyosavuta.