Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel anabadwa pa April 1, 1868 m'banja la banja lakale la Chiyukireniya. Bambo ake, Ivan Petrovich, wogwira ntchito m'boma, anali ndi chidwi ndi kujambula, nyimbo, ndipo adathandizira maphunziro apamwamba a ana ake aakazi - Catherine ndi Nadezhda. Kuyambira zaka khumi Nadezhda anaphunzira ku Kiev Institute for Noble Maidens, kumene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1883 ndi mendulo yaikulu ya siliva.

Kuyambira 1885 mpaka 1891, Nadezhda anaphunzira ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, m'kalasi la Pulofesa NA Iretskaya. "Zaluso zimafunikira mutu," adatero Natalia Alexandrovna. Kuti athetse vuto la kuvomerezedwa, nthawi zonse ankamvetsera omvera kunyumba, amawadziwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Izi ndi zomwe LG ikulemba. Barsova: "Paleti yonse yamitundu idamangidwa pamawu omveka bwino: liwu loyera, titero, limayenda mosalekeza komanso limakula. Kupangika kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu sikunalepheretse kulankhula kwa pakamwa: “Makonsonanti amaimba, samatseka, amaimba!” Iretskaya adalimbikitsa. Iye ankaona kuti kulankhula zabodza ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo kuyimba mokakamiza kunkaonedwa ngati tsoka lalikulu kwambiri - zotsatira za kupuma kosasangalatsa. Zofunikira zotsatirazi za Iretskaya zinali zamakono kwambiri: "Muyenera kukhala wokhoza kupuma pamene mukuimba mawu - kupuma mosavuta, kugwira diaphragm pamene mukuimba mawu, kumva momwe mukuyimba." Zabela adaphunzira bwino za Iretskaya ... "

Kale kutenga nawo mbali pa sewero la ophunzira "Fidelio" la Beethoven pa February 9, 1891 linakopa chidwi cha akatswiri kwa woimba wamng'ono yemwe adachita mbali ya Leonora. Owunikirawo adawona "sukulu yabwino komanso kumvetsetsa kwanyimbo", "mawu amphamvu komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino", pomwe akuwonetsa kusowa kwa "kutha kukhalabe pa siteji".

Nditamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, Nadezhda, pa kuitana AG Rubinstein apanga ulendo konsati ku Germany. Kenaka amapita ku Paris - kuti apite patsogolo ndi M. Marchesi.

Ntchito ya siteji ya Zabela inayamba mu 1893 ku Kyiv, ku I.Ya. Setov. Ku Kyiv, amachita maudindo a Nedda (Leoncavallo's Pagliacci), Elizabeth (Wagner's Tannhäuser), Mikaela (Carmen wa Bizet), Mignon (Thomas 'Mignon), Tatiana (Eugene Onegin wa Tchaikovsky), Gorislava (Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" ndi Glinka), Mavuto ("Nero" ndi Rubinstein).

Chodziwika kwambiri ndi gawo la Marguerite (Gounod's Faust), imodzi mwazovuta komanso zowulula mu opera classics. Nthawi zonse akugwira ntchito pa chithunzi cha Margarita, Zabela amatanthauzira momveka bwino. Nayi imodzi mwa ndemanga zochokera ku Kyiv: "Ms. Zabela, yemwe tidakumana naye koyamba mu seweroli, adapanga chithunzi chandakatulo chotere, anali wabwino kwambiri m'mawu ake, kotero kuti kuyambira pomwe adawonekera koyamba pa siteji yachiwiri komanso koyambirira koma zolemba zake. wobwerezabwereza, woyimbidwa bwino kwambiri, mpaka pomaliza m'ndende yomaliza, adakopa chidwi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Pambuyo pa Kyiv, Zabela adasewera ku Tiflis, pomwe nyimbo zake zidaphatikizanso maudindo a Gilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Juliet (Gounod's Romeo ndi Juliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's African), Tamara (The Demon" ndi Rubinstein). , Maria ("Mazepa" by Tchaikovsky), Lisa ("The Queen of Spades" by Tchaikovsky).

Mu 1896, Zabela anachita ku St. Petersburg, ku Panaevsky Theatre. Pa imodzi mwa zoyeserera za Hansel ndi Gretel za Humperdinck, Nadezhda Ivanovna anakumana ndi mwamuna wake wam'tsogolo. Umu ndi mmene iye mwiniyo ananenera za icho: “Ndinadabwa ndipo ngakhale kudabwa pang’ono kuti njonda ina inandithamangira, napsompsona dzanja langa, nati: “Mawu osangalatsa!” TS Lyubatovich anafulumira kundidziwitsa kuti: "Wojambula wathu Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - ndipo anandiuza pambali kuti: "Munthu wotambasula kwambiri, koma wamakhalidwe abwino."

Pambuyo pa sewero loyamba la Hansel ndi Gretel, Zabela adabweretsa Vrubel kunyumba ya Ge, komwe amakhala. Mlongo wake "adawona kuti Nadia anali wachinyamata komanso wosangalatsa, ndipo adazindikira kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa cha chikondi chomwe Vrubel uyu adamuzungulira." Pambuyo pake Vrubel ananena kuti “ngati akanamukana, akanadzipha yekha.”

Pa July 28, 1896, ukwati wa Zabela ndi Vrubel unachitika ku Switzerland. Wokwatirana chatsopanoyo analembera mlongo wake wachimwemwe kuti: “Mu Mikh[ail Alexandrovich] ndimapeza mikhalidwe yatsopano tsiku lililonse; Choyamba, iye ndi wofatsa modabwitsa komanso wokoma mtima, wongokhudza mtima, kupatulapo, nthawi zonse ndimakhala wosangalala komanso wosavuta modabwitsa naye. Ndimakhulupirira kuti ali ndi luso loimba, adzakhala wothandiza kwambiri kwa ine, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ndidzatha kumukopa.

Monga wokondedwa kwambiri, Zabela adasankha udindo wa Tatiana mu Eugene Onegin. Anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Kyiv, ku Tiflis adasankha gawo ili kuti apindule, komanso ku Kharkov chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwake. M. Dulova, yemwe anali woimba wachinyamata, adanena za maonekedwe ake oyambirira pa siteji ya Kharkov Opera Theatre pa September 18, 1896 m'makumbukiro ake: "Nadezhda Ivanovna adachita chidwi ndi aliyense: ndi maonekedwe ake, zovala, maonekedwe ... Tatyana – Zabela. Nadezhda Ivanovna anali wokongola kwambiri komanso wokongola. Sewero la "Onegin" linali labwino kwambiri. Luso lake linakula pa Mamontov Theatre, kumene anaitanidwa ndi Savva Ivanovich m'dzinja la 1897 ndi mwamuna wake. Posakhalitsa panali msonkhano wake ndi nyimbo Rimsky-Korsakov.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Rimsky-Korsakov anamva woimba pa December 30, 1897 mu gawo la Volkhova ku Sadko. "Mungathe kulingalira momwe ndinalili ndi nkhawa, ndikuyankhula pamaso pa wolemba masewera ovuta chonchi," adatero Zabela. Komabe, manthawo adakhala akukokomeza. Pambuyo pa chithunzi chachiwiri, ndinakumana ndi Nikolai Andreevich ndipo ndinalandira chivomerezo chonse kuchokera kwa iye.

Chifaniziro cha Volkhova chofanana ndi umunthu wa wojambula. Ossovsky analemba kuti: “Akaimba, zimaoneka ngati masomphenya osaoneka bwino amakuzungulirani ndi kukusesa pamaso panu, ofatsa ndi . . .

Rimsky-Korsakov mwiniwake, pambuyo pa Sadko, adalembera wojambulayo kuti: "Zowonadi, mudapanga Mfumukazi ya Nyanja, yomwe mudapanga fano lake poyimba ndi pa siteji, yomwe idzakhalabe ndi inu m'maganizo mwanga ..."

Posakhalitsa Zabela-Vrubel anayamba kutchedwa "Korsakov woimba". Anakhala protagonist mu kupanga mbambande zotere za Rimsky-Korsakov monga The Pskovite Woman, May Night, Snow Maiden, Mozart ndi Salieri, The Tsar Mkwatibwi, Vera Sheloga, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, "Koschei Deathless".

Rimsky-Korsakov sanabise ubale wake ndi woimbayo. Ponena za The Maid of Pskov, iye anati: "Nthawi zambiri, ndimaona Olga kukhala gawo lanu labwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti sindinapereke chiphuphu ndi kupezeka kwa Chaliapin pabwalo." Kwa Snow Maiden, Zabela-Vrubel adalandiranso kutamandidwa kwakukulu kwa wolemba: "Sindinayambe ndamvapo kale nyimbo ya Snow Maiden monga Nadezhda Ivanovna."

Rimsky-Korsakov nthawi yomweyo analemba zina za chikondi ndi maudindo ake opangira zochokera mwayi luso Zabela-Vrubel. Apa m'pofunika kutchula Vera ("Boyarina Vera Sheloga"), ndi Swan Princess ("Nthano ya Tsar Saltan"), ndi Mfumukazi Wokondedwa Kukongola ("Koschei Wosafa"), ndipo, ndithudi, Marfa, mu "Mkwatibwi wa Tsar".

Pa Okutobala 22, 1899, The Tsar's Bride idayamba. Mu masewerawa, mbali zabwino za talente Zabela-Vrubel anaonekera. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu a m'nthawi yake anamutcha woimba wa moyo wamkazi, akazi maloto chete, chikondi ndi chisoni. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiyero cha kristalo cha zomangamanga zomveka, kuwonekera kwa kristalo kwa timbre, kukoma mtima kwapadera kwa cantilena.

Wotsutsa I. Lipaev analemba kuti: “Mkazi. Zabela adakhala Marfa wokongola, wodzaza ndi mayendedwe ofatsa, kudzichepetsa ngati nkhunda, ndipo m'mawu ake, ofunda, omveka, osachita manyazi ndi kutalika kwaphwando, chilichonse chokopeka ndi nyimbo ndi kukongola ... Zabela ndi wosayerekezeka m'masewera Dunyasha, ndi Lykov, kumene zonse zomwe ali nazo ndi chikondi ndi chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino, komanso zabwino kwambiri muzochitika zomaliza, pamene potion yawononga kale zinthu zosauka ndipo nkhani za kuphedwa kwa Lykov zimamupangitsa misala. Ndipo ambiri, Marfa adapeza wojambula osowa mwa munthu wa Zabela.

Ndemanga yochokera kwa wotsutsa wina, Kashkin: “Zabela amaimba [Martha] aria modabwitsa. Nambala iyi imafuna mawu omveka bwino, ndipo sipangakhale oimba ambiri omwe ali ndi nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za mezza m'kaundula wapamwamba kwambiri momwe Zabela amanyadira. Ndizovuta kulingalira kuti aria uyu adayimbidwa bwino. Zochitika ndi aria wa Martha wamisala adachitidwa ndi Zabela m'njira yogwira mtima komanso yandakatulo, molingana kwambiri. Engel anayamikiranso kuimba ndi kusewera kwa Zabela kuti: “Marfa [Zabela] anali wabwino kwambiri, mawu ake anali achikondi komanso okhudza mtima kwambiri komanso mmene ankachitira zinthu m’siteji! Mwambiri, gawo latsopanolo linali lopambana kwambiri kwa wojambulayo; amathera pafupifupi gawo lonse mu mtundu wina wa mezza voche, ngakhale pa zolemba zapamwamba, zomwe zimapatsa Marfa kuti halo ya kufatsa, kudzichepetsa ndi kusiya ntchito, zomwe, ndikuganiza, zinakopeka m'maganizo a wolemba ndakatulo.

Zabela-Vrubel monga Martha adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi OL Knipper, yemwe adalembera Chekhov kuti: "Dzulo ndinali pa opera, ndinamvetsera kwa Mkwatibwi wa Tsar kachiwiri. Ndi nyimbo zabwino bwanji, zosaoneka bwino, zokoma mtima! Ndipo Marfa Zabela amaimba ndi kusewera mokongola komanso mophweka. Ndinalira bwino kwambiri pomaliza - anandigwira. Iye modabwitsa amangotsogolera zochitika za misala, mawu ake ndi omveka bwino, apamwamba, ofewa, osamveka phokoso limodzi, ndi mabala. Chifaniziro chonse cha Marita ndi chodzaza ndi chikondi, nyimbo, chiyero - sichimachoka m'mutu mwanga. ”

Zoonadi, zojambula za Zabela sizinangokhala nyimbo za mlembi wa The Tsar's Bride. Anali Antonida wabwino kwambiri ku Ivan Susanin, adayimba mokoma mtima Iolanta mu opera ya Tchaikovsky ya dzina lomwelo, adachita bwino mu chithunzi cha Mimi mu Puccini's La Boheme. Ndipo komabe, akazi achi Russia a Rimsky-Korsakov adalimbikitsa kwambiri moyo wake. Chodziwika bwino kuti chikondi chake chinapanganso maziko a chipinda cha chipinda cha Zabela-Vrubel.

Mu tsoka lachisoni kwambiri la woimbayo panali chinachake kuchokera ku heroines Rimsky-Korsakov. M'chaka cha 1901, Nadezhda Ivanovna anali ndi mwana Savva. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri anadwala n’kumwalira. Kuwonjezera pa zimenezi kunali matenda a maganizo a mwamuna wake. Vrubel anamwalira mu April 1910. Ndipo ntchito yake yolenga yokha, osachepera zisudzo, inali yochepa mopanda chilungamo. Patapita zaka zisanu zisudzo wanzeru pa siteji ya Moscow Private Opera, kuyambira 1904 mpaka 1911 Zabela-Vrubel anatumikira pa Mariinsky Theatre.

Mariinsky Theatre anali apamwamba akatswiri mlingo, koma analibe chikhalidwe cha chikondwerero ndi chikondi, amene analamulira mu Mamontov Theatre. MF Gnesin adalemba mokhumudwa kuti: "Nditafika kumalo ochitira masewero ku Sadko ndi kutenga nawo mbali, sindinathe kukhumudwa ndi zina mwa kusawoneka kwake pamasewerowo. Maonekedwe ake, ndi kuyimba kwake, zinali zondisangalatsabe, komabe, poyerekeza ndi zakale, zinali, titero, mtundu wamadzi wodekha komanso wosawoneka bwino, wongokumbukira chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi utoto wamafuta. Kuonjezera apo, malo ake a siteji anali opanda ndakatulo. Kuuma komwe kumachitika m'mabwalo amasewera aboma kumamveka m'chilichonse.

Pa siteji yachifumu, sanapeze mwayi wochita gawo la Fevronia mu opera ya Rimsky-Korsakov "Nthano ya Mzinda Wosaoneka wa Kitezh". Ndipo amasiku ano amanena kuti pa siteji ya konsati gawo ili linamveka bwino kwa iye.

Koma madzulo m'chipinda cha Zabela-Vrubel anapitiriza kukopa chidwi cha connoisseurs weniweni. konsati yake yomaliza inachitika mu June 1913, ndipo July 4, 1913 Nadezhda Ivanovna anamwalira.