Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky |

Umuna Hulak-Artemovsky

Nyimbo za Little Russia - chilichonse; ndi ndakatulo, ndi mbiri, ndi manda a abambo… Zonse ndi zogwirizana, zonunkhiritsa, zosiyana kwambiri. N. Gogol

Pa nthaka yachonde ya nyimbo zamtundu wa Chiyukireniya, talente ya wolemba wotchuka ndi woimba S. Gulak-Artemovsky inakula. Atabadwira m'banja la wansembe wa m'mudzi, Gulak-Artemovsky amayenera kutsata mapazi a abambo ake, koma mwambo wa banja uwu unasweka ndi chilakolako chofuna nyimbo cha mnyamatayo. Kulowa mu Kiev Theological School mu 1824, Semyon anayamba kuphunzira bwinobwino, koma posakhalitsa anatopa ndi maphunziro zamulungu, ndipo zotsatirazi anaonekera pa satifiketi wophunzira: "maluso abwino, waulesi ndi waulesi, kupambana pang'ono." Yankho ndi losavuta: woimba zam'tsogolo anapereka chidwi chake chonse ndi nthawi yoimba mu kwaya, pafupifupi konse kuonekera m'makalasi pa sukulu, ndipo kenako ku seminare. The sonorous treble wa chanter pang'ono anazindikira connoisseur wa kuimba kwaya, katswiri wa Russian kuimba chikhalidwe, Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitikov). Ndipo tsopano Semyon ali kale mu kwaya yaikulu ya St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kyiv, ndiye - mu kwaya ya Mikhailovsky Monastery. Kumeneku mnyamatayo anamvetsa mwambo wazaka mazana ambiri wa nyimbo zakwaya.

Mu 1838, M. Glinka anamva kuimba kwa Gulak-Artemovsky, ndipo msonkhano uwu unasintha kwambiri tsogolo la woimbayo: adatsatira Glinka ku St. Motsogozedwa ndi bwenzi lachikulire ndi mlangizi, Gulak-Artemovsky, mu nthawi yochepa, iye anadutsa sukulu ya mabuku chitukuko cha nyimbo ndi maphunziro mawu. Kukhulupirira kwake kopitilira muyeso kunalimbikitsidwa pakulumikizana kopanga ndi abwenzi a Glinka - wojambula K. Bryullov, wolemba N. Kukolnik, oimba G. Lomakin, O. Petrov ndi A. Petrova-Vorobyeva. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wodziwana ndi wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa ku Ukraine T. Shevchenko anachitika, zomwe zinasanduka mabwenzi enieni. Motsogozedwa ndi Glinka, woyimba mtsogolo mosalekeza adamvetsetsa zinsinsi za luso la mawu ndi malamulo amalingaliro anyimbo. Opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" panthawiyo anali ndi maganizo a Glinka, amene analemba za makalasi ndi Gulak-Artemovsky: "Ndikumukonzekeretsa kukhala woimba zisudzo ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti ntchito zanga sizidzakhala pachabe ..." Glinka anaona. mu woimba wamng'ono woimba wa mbali ya Ruslan. Pofuna kukulitsa kudziletsa kwa siteji ndikugonjetsa zofooka za kuyimba, Gulak-Artemovsky, pa kuumirira kwa bwenzi lachikulire, nthawi zambiri ankaimba madzulo osiyanasiyana oimba. Munthu wina wapanthaŵiyo anafotokoza kuimba kwake motere: “Mawuwo anali abwino ndi aakulu; koma sanalankhule ngakhale pang'ono ndi mawu mokhumudwa ... Zinali zokwiyitsa, ndimafuna kusirira, koma kuseka kunalowa.

Komabe, kusamala, kuphunzira mosalekeza motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi wanzeru kunabweretsa zotsatira zabwino: konsati yoyamba ya Gulak-Artemovsky inali yopambana kwambiri. Luso loyimba komanso loyimba la woyimba wachinyamatayo linakula bwino chifukwa cha ulendo wautali wopita ku Paris ndi Italy, wopangidwa ndi zoyesayesa za Glinka mothandizidwa ndi ndalama za philanthropist P. Demidov mu 1839-41. Kuchita bwino pa siteji ya zisudzo ku Florence kunatsegula njira kwa Gulak-Artemovsky kupita ku siteji yachifumu ku St. Kuyambira Meyi 1842 mpaka Novembala 1865 woimbayo adakhala membala wa gulu la opera. Anachita osati ku St. Petersburg, komanso ku Moscow (1846-50, 1864-65), adayenderanso mizinda yachigawo - Tula, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh. Pakati pa maudindo ambiri a Gulak-Artemovsky mu zisudzo za V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, KM Weber, G. Verdi ndi ena, machitidwe abwino kwambiri a udindo wa Ruslan akuwonekera. Atamva opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila", Shevchenko analemba kuti: "Ndi opera bwanji! Makamaka pamene Artemovsky akuyimba Ruslan, mumakanda kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu, ndizowona! Woimba wodabwitsa - simudzanena kalikonse. Chifukwa cha kutha kwa mawu ake, Gulak-Artemovsky anasiya siteji mu 1865 ndipo anakhala zaka zake zomaliza ku Moscow, kumene moyo wake unali wodzichepetsa kwambiri komanso wosungulumwa.

Lingaliro losawoneka bwino la zisudzo ndi kukhulupirika kwa nyimbo zakwawo - nthano za Chiyukireniya - ndizodziwika bwino za nyimbo za Gulak-Artemovsky. Ambiri a iwo amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zisudzo ndi konsati ntchito wolemba. Umu ndi momwe chikondi, masinthidwe a nyimbo zaku Ukraine ndi nyimbo zoyambira mumzimu wa anthu zidawonekera, komanso ntchito zazikulu zanyimbo ndi siteji - nyimbo zotsatsira mawu ndi choreographic "Ukwati wa Chiyukireniya" (1852), nyimbo za comedy-vaudeville yake "The Night". pa Madzulo a Tsiku la Midsummer" (1852), nyimbo za sewero la The Destroyers of Ships (1853). Cholengedwa chofunikira kwambiri cha Gulak-Artemovsky - sewero lamasewera lokhala ndi zokambirana "Cossack kupitirira Danube" (1863) - mosangalala amaphatikiza nthabwala zamtundu wabwino komanso zokonda zankhondo. Seweroli lidawulula mbali zosiyanasiyana za talente ya wolemba, yemwe adalemba libretto ndi nyimbo, komanso adasewera udindo wawo. Petersburg otsutsa anaona kupambana kwa filimu yoyamba: “Mr. Artemovsky anasonyeza luso lake lanthabwala. Masewera ake anali odzaza ndi nthabwala: pamaso pa Karas, adawonetsa mtundu woyenera wa Cossack. Woipekayo adatha kufotokoza mowolowa manja komanso luso lovina la nyimbo za ku Ukraine momveka bwino kotero kuti nthawi zina nyimbo zake zimakhala zosadziwika bwino ndi zachikhalidwe. Choncho, iwo ali otchuka mu Ukraine pamodzi ndi nthano. Omvera anzeru anazindikira mtundu weniweni wa zisudzo zomwe zidawonetsedwa kale. Wowunikanso nyuzipepala ya "Mwana wa Dziko Lakwawo" analemba kuti: "Chofunika chachikulu cha Bambo Artemovsky ndikuti adayala maziko a sewero lamasewera, kutsimikizira momwe angakhazikitsire mizu m'dziko lathu, makamaka mu mzimu wa anthu; anali woyamba kudziwitsa za nthabwala zakwathu pa siteji yathu ... ndipo ndili wotsimikiza kuti pamasewera aliwonse kupambana kwake kumakula.

Zowonadi, nyimbo za Hulak-Artemovsky zimasungabe kufunikira kwake osati ngati opera yoyamba ya Chiyukireniya, komanso ngati ntchito yosangalatsa, yowoneka bwino.

N. Zabolotnaya