Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (Wiener Philharmoniker) |

Wopanga Philharmoniker

Gulu loyamba la akatswiri oimba nyimbo ku Austria, limodzi mwa akale kwambiri ku Europe. Anakhazikitsidwa ndi woimba ndi wochititsa Otto Nicolai, wotsutsa ndi wofalitsa A. Schmidt, woyimba zenera K. Holz ndi wolemba ndakatulo N. Lenau. Konsati yoyamba ya Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra inachitika pa March 28, 1842, yoyendetsedwa ndi O. Nicolai. The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra imaphatikizapo oimba ochokera ku Vienna Opera Orchestra. Orchestra imatsogoleredwa ndi komiti ya anthu 10. Poyambirira, gululo lidachita pansi pa dzina la "Orchestral Staff of the Imperial Court Opera". Kuma 60s. Mitundu yamagulu a ntchito ya oimba apangidwa, yomwe yasungidwa mpaka lero: Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra pachaka imapereka makonsati asanu ndi atatu olembetsa Lamlungu, obwerezedwa Lolemba (amatsogozedwa ndi kubwereza kwamwambo). Kuphatikiza pa ma concert omwe amalembetsa nthawi zonse, zotsatirazi zimachitika chaka chilichonse: konsati yokumbukira woyambitsa gulu la O. Nicolai, konsati yapachaka chatsopano kuchokera ku nyimbo zopepuka za Viennese komanso ma concert angapo olembetsa. Masewera a Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra amachitikira ku Great Hall ya Vienna Musikverein masana.

The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yatenga malo otchuka m'moyo wanyimbo wa dziko. Kuyambira 1860, oimba, monga lamulo, adachita motsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri ake osatha - O. Dessoff (1861-75), X. Richter (1875-98), G. Mahler (1898-1901). Richter ndi Mahler anakulitsa kwambiri nyimbo zawo, kuphatikizapo ntchito za oimba ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana (A. Dvorak, B. Smetana, Z. Fibich, P. Tchaikovsky, C. Saint-Saens, etc.). Motsogozedwa ndi Richter, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yoyamba idapita ku Salzburg (1877), ndipo motsogozedwa ndi Mahler adapanga ulendo woyamba kupita kunja (Paris, 1900). Olemba akuluakulu adaitanidwa monga otsogolera oyendayenda: kuyambira 1862, I. Brahms, komanso R. Wagner (1872, 1875), A. Bruckner (1873), ndi G. Verdi (1875), anachita mobwerezabwereza ndi Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.

M’zaka za m’ma 20, gululo linatsogozedwa ndi otsogolera odziwika bwino F. Weingartner (1908-27), W. Furtwängler (1927-30, 1938-45), G. Karajan (1956-64). F. Schalk, F. Motl, K. Muck, A. Nikisch, E. Schuh, B. Walter, A. Toscanini, K. Schuricht, G. Knappertsbusch, V. De Sabata, K. Kraus, K Böhm; kuyambira 1906 (mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake) R. Strauss anachita ndi Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, yemwe analemba Solemn Fanfare kwa oimba (1924). Kuyambira mu 1965 gulu la oimba lakhala likugwira ntchito limodzi ndi otsogolera oyendera malo. Zina mwazopambana kwambiri za Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra ndi kusewera kwa nyimbo ndi J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, A. Bruckner, H. Mahler, komanso R. Wagner, R. Strauss. Kuyambira 1917, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yakhala gulu loimba lovomerezeka la Salzburg Festivals.

Okhestrayi ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 120. Mamembala a Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra alinso mamembala amagulu osiyanasiyana achipinda, kuphatikiza ma quartets a Barilli ndi Concerthaus, Vienna Octet, ndi Wind Ensemble ya Vienna Philharmonic. Oimba mobwerezabwereza anayendera Europe ndi America (mu USSR - mu 1962 ndi 1971).

MM Yakovlev

Oimba oimba nthawi zonse amatenga malo oyamba pamagulu onse apadziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira 1933, gulu lakhala likugwira ntchito popanda wotsogolera luso, kusankha njira ya demokalase kudzilamulira. Oimba pamisonkhano yayikulu amathetsa nkhani zonse zamagulu ndi zaluso, ndikusankha wotsogolera yemwe angamuyitanire nthawi ina. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amagwira ntchito m'magulu awiri oimba panthawi imodzi, pokhala mu utumiki wa boma ku Vienna Opera. Iwo amene akufuna kulowa nawo Philharmonic Orchestra ayenera kufufuza kwa opera ndikugwira ntchito kumeneko kwa zaka zosachepera zitatu. Kwa zaka zoposa zana, gululi lakhala la amuna okhaokha. Zithunzi za akazi oyambirira omwe anavomerezedwa kumeneko chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 zinawonekera pachikuto cha manyuzipepala ndi magazini.