Nino Rota |

Nino Rota

Nino Rota: adalembanso ma opera

Lachisanu pa Epulo 10 limatchedwa tsiku lakulira ku Italy. Mtunduwo unalira ndi kukwirira anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi chivomezicho. Koma ngakhale popanda masoka achilengedwe, tsiku lino m'mbiri ya dziko liribe chisoni - ndendende zaka makumi atatu zapitazo wolemba Nino Rota anamwalira. Ngakhale panthawi ya moyo wake, adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndi nyimbo zake za mafilimu a Fellini, Visconti, Zeffirelli, Coppola, Bondarchuk ("Waterloo"). Mosakayikira, akadakhala wotchuka akadalemba nyimbo imodzi yokha mwa mafilimu ambiri - The Godfather. Ochepa okha kunja kwa Italy amadziwa kuti Nino Rota ndiye mlembi wa ma opera khumi, ma ballet atatu, ma symphonies ndi ntchito za chipinda. Ngakhale anthu ochepa amadziwa mbali iyi ya ntchito yake, yomwe iye mwiniyo ankaiona kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa nyimbo za mafilimu.

Nino Rota anabadwira ku 1911 ku Milan m'banja lomwe linali ndi miyambo yozama ya nyimbo. Mmodzi mwa agogo ake aamuna, Giovanni Rinaldi, anali woimba piyano komanso wolemba nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka 12, Nino analemba oratorio kwa oimba nyimbo, oimba ndi kwaya "Childhood of St. John the Baptist". Oratorio inachitikira ku Milan. M'chaka chomwecho cha 1923, Nino adalowa ku Milan Conservatory, komwe adaphunzira ndi aphunzitsi odziwika a nthawiyo, Casella ndi Pizzetti. Analemba opera yake yoyamba Principe Porcaro (The Swineherd King) yochokera ku nthano ya Andersen ali ndi zaka 15. Siyinayambe yakonzedwa ndipo yakhalapo mpaka lero mu nyimbo za piyano ndi mawu.

Kuyamba kwenikweni kwa Rota monga woimba nyimbo kunachitika zaka 16 pambuyo pake ndi opera Ariodante muzochitika zitatu, zomwe wolemba mwiniwakeyo anafotokoza kuti "kumizidwa mu melodrama ya m'zaka za zana la 19." Kuwonetserako kunakonzedwa ku Bergamo (Teatro delle Novit), koma chifukwa cha nkhondo (inali 1942) idasamukira ku Parma - "malo ochitira melodramas" awa, m'mawu a wolemba mbiri komanso wolemba mbiri Fedele D'Amico. Omvera adapereka moni mwachidwi opera, pomwe woimba ndi woimba wa gawo limodzi lalikulu adapanga kuwonekera kwawo - Mario del Monaco wina. Nthawi iliyonse kumapeto kwa seweroli, adawukiridwa ndi gulu la anthu omwe ankafuna kupeza autographs.

Kupambana kwa Ariodante pakati pa omvera ovuta a Parma kunalimbikitsa woimbayo kuti apange opera Torquemada mu 1942 amachita mu 4. Komabe, zochitika zankhondo zinalepheretsa kuyamba. Zinachitika zaka makumi atatu ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, koma sizinabweretse chisangalalo chachikulu kwa woimba wotchuka komanso wotchuka. M'chaka chomaliza cha nkhondo, Nino Rota anagwira ntchito ina yaikulu ya opaleshoni, yomwe inakakamizika kuika mu kabati ndikuyiwala kwa nthawi yaitali. Zambiri pamutuwu pansipa. Chifukwa chake, opera yachiwiri yomwe idapangidwa inali sewero lanthabwala limodzi la "I dui timidi" ("Two Shy"), yomwe idapangidwa pawailesi ndipo idamveka koyamba pawailesi. Adalandira mphotho yapadera Premia Italia - 1950, pambuyo pake adayenda pa siteji ya Scala Theatre di Londra motsogozedwa ndi John Pritchard.

Kupambana kwenikweni kunabwera kwa wolemba nyimbo mu 1955 ndi opera "Il capello di paglia di Firenze" yochokera pa chiwembu chodziwika bwino cha "The Straw Hat" ndi E. Labichet. Linalembedwa kumapeto kwa nkhondo ndipo linakhala patebulo kwa zaka zambiri. Seweroli ndi limene linachititsa kuti wolemba nyimboyo atchuke kwambiri chifukwa ndi amene anayambitsa nyimbo zapamwamba kwambiri. Rota mwiniwake sakanakumbukira ntchitoyi ngati sichinali bwenzi lake Maestro Cuccia, yemwe wolembayo adayimba opera pa piyano atangomaliza ntchitoyo mu 1945, ndipo adakumbukira zaka 10 pambuyo pake, atatenga udindo. Mtsogoleri wa zisudzo Massimo di Palermo. Cuccia adakakamiza wolemba opera kuti apeze mphambu, kugwedeza fumbi ndikukonzekera siteji. Rota mwiniyo adavomereza kuti samayembekezera kupambana komwe opera idadutsa magawo angapo a zisudzo zotsogola ku Italy. Ngakhale lero, "Il capello" akadali, mwina, opera wake wotchuka kwambiri.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu, Rota adalemba ma wayilesi ena awiri. Pafupi ndi mmodzi wa iwo - chochita chimodzi "La notte di un nevrastenico" ("Usiku wa Neurotic") - Rota analankhula poyankhulana ndi mtolankhani: "Ndinatcha opera sewero la buffo. Ambiri, ichi ndi chikhalidwe melodrama. Pamene ndikugwira ntchitoyo, ndinachokera ku mfundo yakuti mu melodrama ya nyimbo, nyimbo ziyenera kugonjetsa mawu. Sizokhudza kukongola. Ndinkangofuna kuti oimbawo azikhala omasuka papulatifomu, kuti athe kusonyeza luso lawo loimba bwino popanda vuto.” Opera ina ya sewero la pawailesi, nthano imodzi "Lo scoiattolo in gamba" yochokera ku libretto ya Eduardo de Filippo, sinadziwike ndipo siyinawonetsedwe m'malo owonetsera. Kumbali ina, Aladino e la lampada magica, yochokera ku nthano yodziwika bwino yochokera ku Thousand and One Nights, inali yopambana kwambiri. Rota adagwirapo ntchito pakati pa zaka za m'ma 60s ndikuyembekeza kubadwa kwa siteji. Chiwonetserocho chinachitika mu 1968 ku San Carlo di Napoli, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo chinachitikira ku Rome Opera ndi Renato Castellani ndi zokongola za Renato Guttuso.

Nino Rota adapanga ma opera ake awiri omaliza, "La visita meravigliosa" ("Ulendo wodabwitsa") ndi "Napoli Milionaria", paukalamba. Ntchito yomaliza, yolembedwa motengera sewero la E. de Filippo, idayambitsa mayankho otsutsana. Otsutsa ena adayankha monyoza kuti: "sewero lachiwonetsero lokhala ndi nyimbo zamaganizo", "mbiri yokayikitsa", koma ambiri adatsamira ku maganizo a wotsutsa, wolemba, wolemba ndakatulo ndi womasulira Giorgio Vigolo: "uku ndi kupambana kumene nyumba yathu ya opera yapeza. wakhala akudikirira kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera kwa wopeka wamakono ".

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito opera wa ku Italy wopeka akadali chinthu kukambirana ndi kutsutsana. Popanda kukayikira thandizo lalikulu la Nino pa nyimbo za mafilimu, ambiri amaona kuti cholowa chake "chochepa kwambiri", amamunyoza chifukwa cha "kuzama kosakwanira", "kusowa kwa mzimu wa nthawi", "kutsanzira" komanso "chinyengo" cha zidutswa za nyimbo. . Kufufuza mosamalitsa zochitika za opera ndi akatswiri kumasonyeza kuti Nino Rota adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kalembedwe, mawonekedwe, ndi nyimbo za omwe adamutsogolera, makamaka Rossini, Donizetti, Puccini, Offenbach, komanso a m'nthawi yake ndipo, malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana. magwero, bwenzi Igor Stravinsky. Koma izi sizimatilepheretsa kulingalira kuti ntchito yake yoimbayo ndi yoyambirira, yomwe ili ndi malo ake mu cholowa cha dziko lapansi.

Zosamveka, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndizonyoza za "vulgarity", "opera lightness". Ndi kupambana komweko, mukhoza "kudzudzula" ntchito zambiri za Rossini, kunena, "Italian ku Algiers" ... Rota sanabise kuti, kupembedza Rossini, Puccini, malemu Verdi, Gounod ndi R. Strauss, ankakonda operettas akale. , oimba a ku America, ankakonda nthabwala za ku Italy. Zokonda zaumwini ndi zokonda, ndithudi, zinasonyezedwa mu "zambiri" zamtundu wa ntchito yake. Nino Rota nthawi zambiri ankabwereza kunena kuti palibe phindu kwa iye, kusiyana kwa "hierarchical" pakati pa nyimbo za cinema ndi nyimbo za masewero a opera, mabwalo a konsati: "Ndimayesa kuyesa kugawa nyimbo kukhala" kuwala "," theka-kuwala "," kusamala … Lingaliro la “kupepuka” limapezeka kwa omvera nyimbo zokha, osati kwa wozipanga… Monga wolemba nyimbo, ntchito yanga mu kanema sandichititsa manyazi nkomwe. Nyimbo zamakanema kapena zamitundu ina zonse ndi chinthu chimodzi kwa ine. ”

Ma opera ake kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zina amawonekera ku zisudzo ku Italy. Sindinathe kupeza zolemba zawo pamasewera aku Russia. Koma mfundo imodzi yokha ya kutchuka kwa woimbayo m'dziko lathu imalankhula momveka bwino: mu May 1991, konsati yaikulu yoperekedwa ku chikumbutso cha 80 cha kubadwa kwa Nino Rota inachitikira mu Column Hall ya House of the Unions, ndi kutenga nawo mbali. Oimba a Bolshoi Theatre ndi State Radio ndi Televizioni. Owerenga a m'mibadwo yapakati ndi akale amakumbukira zovuta zachuma ndi zandale zomwe dziko linkadutsa panthawiyo - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi idatsala kuti iwonongeke. Ndipo, komabe, boma lapeza njira ndi mwayi wokondwerera chaka chino.

Sitinganene kuti wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy wayiwala ku Russia yatsopano. Mu 2006, sewero loyamba la sewero "Notes Nino Rota" unachitikira ku Moscow Theatre wa Moon. Chiwembucho chimachokera pazikumbukiro zosasangalatsa za munthu wachikulire. Zithunzi za moyo wakale wa ngwazi zimasinthana ndi magawo komanso malingaliro otsogozedwa ndi makanema a Fellini. M’nkhani ina ya zisudzo mu April 2006 timaŵerenga kuti: “Nyimbo zake, zosiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zosoweka, nyimbo zanyimbo, luso lopanga zinthu zambiri komanso kuloŵa mochenjera muzolinga za wotsogolera filimu, zimamveka ngati nyimbo yatsopano yozikidwa pa kuvina ndi kuchita masewero.” Tikhoza kuyembekezera kuti ndi zaka 2011 za wolemba (XNUMX), ambuye athu a opera adzakumbukira kuti Nino Rota anagwira ntchito osati pa cinema, ndipo, Mulungu aletsa, adzatiwonetsa chinachake kuchokera ku cholowa chake.

Zida zamawebusayiti a tesionline.it, abbazialascala.it, federazionecemat.it, teatro.org, listserv.bccls.org ndi Runet zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhaniyi.