Camille Saint-Saens |

Camille Saint-Saens

Saint-Saens ndi m'dziko lakwawo gulu laling'ono la oimira lingaliro la kupita patsogolo kwa nyimbo. P. Tchaikovsky

C. Saint-Saens adalowa mu mbiriyakale makamaka ngati woyimba nyimbo, woyimba piyano, mphunzitsi, wotsogolera. Komabe, luso la munthu amene alidi ndi mphatso zapadziko lonse lapansi silimathetsedwa ndi mbali zotere. Saint-Saens analinso mlembi wa mabuku a filosofi, zolemba, zojambula, zisudzo, wolemba ndakatulo ndi masewero, analemba zolemba zotsutsa ndikujambula zojambula. Anasankhidwa kukhala membala wa French Astronomical Society, chifukwa chidziwitso chake cha sayansi ya zakuthambo, zakuthambo, zofukula zakale ndi mbiri yakale sizinali zochepa poyerekeza ndi maphunziro a asayansi ena. M'nkhani zake zotsutsa, wolembayo anatsutsa zolephera za zokonda za kulenga, zikhulupiriro, ndipo analimbikitsa kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za zokonda zaluso za anthu wamba. “Kukoma kwa anthu,” anatsindika wolemba nyimboyo, “kaya zabwino kapena zosavuta, zilibe kanthu, ndi chitsogozo chamtengo wapatali kwa wojambula. Kaya ndi katswiri kapena luso, kutsatira kukoma kumeneku, adzatha kupanga ntchito zabwino.

Camille Saint-Saens anabadwira m'banja logwirizana ndi zaluso (bambo ake analemba ndakatulo, amayi ake anali wojambula). Luso lanyimbo lowala la woimbayo linadziwonetsera yekha ali mwana, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala ulemerero wa "Mozart wachiwiri". Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zitatu wopeka tsogolo anali kuphunzira kuimba limba, 5 anayamba kupeka nyimbo, ndi khumi anachita monga konsati limba. Mu 1848, Saint-Saens adalowa Paris Conservatory, komwe adamaliza maphunziro ake zaka 3, woyamba m'gulu la organ, kenako m'kalasi yolemba. Pamene adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Conservatory, Saint-Saens anali kale woimba wokhwima, wolemba nyimbo zambiri, kuphatikizapo First Symphony, yomwe inayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi G. Berlioz ndi C. Gounod. Kuyambira 1853 mpaka 1877 Saint-Saens ankagwira ntchito m'matchalitchi osiyanasiyana ku Paris. Luso lake lakusintha kwa limba mwachangu kwambiri lidapambana kuzindikirika konsekonse ku Europe.

Munthu wamphamvu wopanda mphamvu, Saint-Saens, komabe, samangokhala pakuyimba chiwalo ndi kupanga nyimbo. Amagwira ntchito ngati woyimba piyano ndi wochititsa, amasintha ndikusindikiza ntchito za ambuye akale, amalemba ntchito zaukadaulo, ndipo amakhala m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ndi aphunzitsi a National Musical Society. Mu 70s. nyimbo zimawonekera motsatizanatsatizana, zomwe zimakambidwa ndi anthu amasiku ano. Zina mwa izo ndi ndakatulo za symphonic Wheel's Spinning Wheel and Dance of Death, zisudzo za The Yellow Princess, The Silver Bell ndi Samson ndi Delila - imodzi mwa nsonga zapamwamba za ntchito ya wolembayo.

Kusiya ntchito m'matchalitchi, Saint-Saens amadzipereka kwathunthu pakulemba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amayenda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Woimba wotchuka adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Institute of France (1881), dokotala wolemekezeka wa yunivesite ya Cambridge (1893), membala wolemekezeka wa nthambi ya St. Petersburg ya RMS (1909). Zojambula za Saint-Saens zakhala zikulandiridwa mwachikondi ku Russia, zomwe wolembayo adayendera mobwerezabwereza. Anali paubwenzi ndi A. Rubinstein ndi C. Cui, ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo za M. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky, ndi olemba a Kuchkist. Anali Saint-Saens yemwe adabweretsa Boris Godunov clavier wa Mussorgsky kuchokera ku Russia kupita ku France.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, Saint-Saens ankakhala moyo wodzaza ndi magazi: iye analemba, osadziwa kutopa, anapereka zoimbaimba ndi kuyenda, olembedwa pa mbiri. Woimba wazaka 85 adachita zoimbaimba zake zomaliza mu Ogasiti 1921 atatsala pang'ono kufa. Pa ntchito yake yonse yolenga, woimbayo adagwira ntchito mopindulitsa kwambiri m'magulu a zida zoimbira, kupereka malo oyamba ku virtuoso konsati. Ntchito zoterezi za Saint-Saëns monga Introduction ndi Rondo Capriccioso za Violin ndi Orchestra, Third Violin Concerto (zoperekedwa kwa woyimba violini wotchuka P. Sarasata), ndi Cello Concerto zadziwika kwambiri. Ntchito izi ndi zina (Organ Symphony, ndakatulo za symphonic, ma concerto 5 a piyano) amaika Saint-Saens pakati pa oimba akulu achi French. Anapanga zisudzo 12, zomwe zotchuka kwambiri zinali Samsoni ndi Delila, zolembedwa pa nkhani ya m'Baibulo. Idachitika koyamba ku Weimar yoyendetsedwa ndi F. Liszt (1877). Nyimbo za opera zimakopa ndi kupuma kwa melodic mpweya, chithumwa cha chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha fano lapakati - Delila. Malinga ndi kunena kwa N. Rimsky-Korsakov, bukuli ndi “labwino la mawonekedwe a opera.”

Luso la Saint-Saens limadziwika ndi zithunzi za mawu opepuka, kusinkhasinkha, koma, kuphatikiza, njira zabwino komanso chisangalalo. Chiyambi chaluntha, chomveka nthawi zambiri chimaposa malingaliro mu nyimbo zake. Wopeka nyimboyo amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mawu a nthano ndi mitundu yatsiku ndi tsiku m'zolemba zake. Nyimbo ndi ma melos ofotokozera, nyimbo zamafoni, chisomo ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kumveka bwino kwa mtundu wa orchestra, kaphatikizidwe ka mfundo zachikale komanso zandakatulo zachikondi - zonsezi zikuwonetsedwa m'mabuku abwino kwambiri a Saint-Saens, yemwe adalemba imodzi mwazowala kwambiri. masamba m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zapadziko lonse.

I. Vetlitsyna

Atakhala ndi moyo wautali, Saint-Saens ankagwira ntchito kuyambira ali wamng'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, makamaka mwachidwi m'munda wa zida zoimbira. Zokonda zake ndi zambiri: wopeka kwambiri, woyimba piyano, wochititsa, wanzeru wotsutsa-polemicist, anali ndi chidwi ndi mabuku, zakuthambo, zoology, botania, anayenda kwambiri, ndipo anali kulankhulana momasuka ndi anthu ambiri oimba nyimbo.

Berlioz adalemba nyimbo yoyamba ya Saint-Saens wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi mawu akuti: "Mnyamatayu amadziwa zonse, akusowa chinthu chimodzi chokha - sadziwa." Gounod analemba kuti symphony imaika udindo kwa wolemba wake kuti "akhale mbuye wamkulu". Mwaubwenzi wapamtima, Saint-Saens adalumikizidwa ndi Bizet, Delibes ndi ena angapo olemba achi French. Iye anali woyambitsa wa kulengedwa kwa "National Society".

M'zaka za m'ma 70, Saint-Saens adayandikira Liszt, yemwe adayamikira kwambiri luso lake, yemwe adathandizira masewero a opera Samsoni ndi Delila ku Weimar, ndipo amakumbukira nthawi zonse Liszt. Saint-Saens mobwerezabwereza anapita ku Russia, anali mabwenzi ndi A. Rubinstein, pa lingaliro la womaliza analemba wotchuka Piano Concerto Yachiwiri, iye anali chidwi kwambiri nyimbo za Glinka, Tchaikovsky, ndi Kuchkists. Makamaka, iye anayambitsa oimba French kuti Mussorgsky a Boris Godunov Clavier.

Moyo woterewu wokhala ndi zowoneka bwino komanso zokumana nazo zamunthu zidasindikizidwa m'mabuku ambiri a Saint-Saens, ndipo adakhazikika pabwalo la konsati kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ali ndi luso lapadera, Saint-Saens adadziwa mwaluso luso lolemba. Iye anali ndi luso lotha kusinthasintha modabwitsa, wosinthika momasuka ku masitayelo osiyanasiyana, machitidwe opanga, okhala ndi zithunzi zambiri, mitu, ndi ziwembu. Anamenyana ndi zofooka zamagulu a magulu opanga zinthu, motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa kumvetsetsa kuthekera kwa luso la nyimbo, choncho anali mdani wa dongosolo lililonse muzojambula.

Nkhaniyi imayenda ngati ulusi wofiira m'zolemba zonse zovuta za Saint-Saens, zomwe zimadabwitsa ndi zododometsa zambiri. Wolembayo akuwoneka kuti amadzitsutsa mwadala: "Munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wosintha zikhulupiriro zake," akutero. Koma iyi ndi njira yokhayo yochepetsera malingaliro. Saint-Saens amanyansidwa ndi zikhulupiriro muzowonetsera zake zilizonse, kaya ndikusilira zapamwamba kapena kutamandidwa! zamakono zamakono zamakono. Amayimilira kukula kwa malingaliro okongoletsa.

Koma kuseri kwa polemic kuli kusakhazikika kwakukulu. Mu 1913, iye analemba kuti: “Chitukuko chathu chatsopano cha ku Ulaya chikupita patsogolo m’njira yodana ndi zojambulajambula.” Saint-Saëns adalimbikitsa olemba nyimbo kuti adziwe bwino zosowa zaluso za omvera awo. “Kukoma kwa anthu, zabwino kapena zoipa, zilibe kanthu, ndi chitsogozo chamtengo wapatali kwa wojambula. Kaya ali ndi luso kapena luso, kutsatira kukoma kumeneku, adzatha kupanga ntchito zabwino. Saint-Saens anachenjeza achinyamata kuti asamakopeke ndi zinthu zabodza kuti: “Ngati mukufuna kukhala chilichonse, khalanibe Chifalansa! Khalani nokha, khalani a nthawi yanu ndi dziko lanu ... ".

Mafunso otsimikiza za dziko komanso demokalase ya nyimbo adadzutsidwa mwamphamvu komanso munthawi yake ndi Saint-Saens. Koma kuthetsa kwa nkhani zimenezi mwa chiphunzitso ndi ntchito, mu zilandiridwenso, zimadziwika ndi kutsutsana kwakukulu mwa iye: woimira mosakondera zaluso zokonda, kukongola ndi mgwirizano wa kalembedwe chitsimikiziro cha kupezeka kwa nyimbo, Saint-Saens, kuyesetsa zovomerezeka ungwiro, nthawi zina wonyalanyazidwa chisoni. Iye mwiniyo adanena za izi m'mabuku ake okhudza Bizet, pomwe adalemba mopanda mkwiyo: "Tinatsatira zolinga zosiyana - anali kuyang'ana poyamba chilakolako ndi moyo, ndipo ndinali kuthamangitsa chimera cha chiyero cha kalembedwe ndi mawonekedwe angwiro. ”

Kufunafuna "chimera" chotereku kunalepheretsa kufunafuna kwa Saint-Saens, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'zolemba zake amangoyang'ana zochitika zamoyo m'malo moulula kuzama kwa zotsutsana. Komabe, maganizo abwino ku moyo, chibadidwe mwa iye, ngakhale kukayikira, umunthu dziko, ndi luso kwambiri luso, malingaliro odabwitsa kalembedwe ndi mawonekedwe, anathandiza Saint-Saens kupanga ntchito zingapo zofunika.

M. Druskin

Zolemba:

Opera (zonse 11) Kupatula Samsoni ndi Delila, masiku oyambilira okha ndi omwe amaperekedwa m'makolo. The Yellow Princess, libretto by Galle (1872) The Silver Bell, libretto by Barbier and Carré (1877) Samson and Delilah, libretto by Lemaire (1866-1877) “Étienne Marcel”, libretto by Galle (1879) “Henry VIII”, libretto by Detroit and Sylvester (1883) Proserpina, libretto by Galle (1887) Ascanio, libretto by Galle (1890) Phryne, libretto by Augue de Lassus (1893) "Wachilendo", libretto by Sardu i Gezi (1901) "Elena" 1904) "Ancestor" (1906)

Nyimbo zina ndi zisudzo Javotte, ballet (1896) Nyimbo zamasewero ambiri (kuphatikizapo Sophocles 'tragedy Antigone, 1893)

Symphonic ntchito Madeti akulemba amaperekedwa m'makolo, omwe nthawi zambiri samayenderana ndi masiku omwe adasindikizidwa (mwachitsanzo, Concerto Yachiwiri ya Violin idasindikizidwa mu 1879 - zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi zitalembedwa). N'chimodzimodzinso ndi gawo la chamber-instrumental. Choyamba Symphony Es-dur op. 2 (1852) Second Symphony a-moll op. 55 (1859) Third Symphony ("Symphony with Organ") c-moll op. 78 (1886) "Omphal's spinning wheel", symphonic poem op. 31 (1871) "Phaeton", ndakatulo ya symphonic kapena. 39 (1873) "Dance of Death", ndakatulo ya symphonic op. 40 (1874) "Youth of Hercules", ndakatulo ya symphonic op. 50 (1877) "Carnival of the Animals", Great Zoological Fantasy (1886)

zoimbaimba Concerto yoyamba ya piyano mu D-dur op. 17 (1862) Second Piano Concerto mu g-moll op. 22 (1868) Lachitatu Piano Concerto Es-dur op. 29 (1869) Wachinayi Piano Concerto c-moll op. 44 (1875) "Africa", zongopeka za piyano ndi orchestra, op. 89 (1891) Fifth Piano Concerto mu F-dur op. 103 (1896) Concerto Yoyamba ya Violin A-dur op. 20 (1859) Chiyambi ndi rondo-capriccioso ya violin ndi orchestra op. 28 (1863) Concerto Yachiwiri ya Violin C-dur op. 58 (1858) Concerto yachitatu ya violin mu h-moll op. 61 (1880) Chidutswa cha konsati ya violin ndi orchestra, op. 62 (1880) Cello Concerto a-moll op. 33 (1872) Allegro appassionáto for cello ndi orchestra, op. 43 (1875)

Ntchito zoimbira za Chamber Piano quintet a-moll op. 14 (1855) Piyano yoyamba itatu mu F-dur op. 18 (1863) Cello Sonata c-moll op. 32 (1872) Piano quartet B-dur op. 41 (1875) Septet ya lipenga, piyano, 2 violin, viola, cello ndi double bass op. 65 (1881) Woyamba violin sonata mu d-moll, op. 75 (1885) Capriccio pa Mitu ya Danish ndi Russian ya chitoliro, oboe, clarinet ndi piano op. 79 (1887) Wachiwiri wa piano atatu mu e-moll op. 92 (1892) Violin Wachiwiri Sonata Es-dur op. 102 (1896)

Ntchito zamawu Pafupifupi 100 zachikondi, nyimbo zoimbaimba, angapo kwaya, ntchito zambiri za nyimbo zopatulika (mwa iwo: Misa, Khirisimasi Oratorio, Requiem, 20 motets ndi ena), oratorios ndi cantatas ("Ukwati wa Prometheus", "Chigumula", "Chigumula", "Lyre ndi Zeze" ndi zina).

Zolemba zolembalemba Kusonkhanitsa nkhani: "Harmony and Melody" (1885), "Portraits and Memoirs" (1900), "Tricks" (1913) ndi ena.