Tambala |

ku lat. tebulo - bolodi, tebulo; italo. intavolatura, French tablature, nyongolosi. Tabatu

1) Dongosolo lachikale la zilembo kapena manambala a solo instr. nyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za 14th-18th. T. ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula nyimbo za organ, harpsichord (fp.), lute, zeze, viola da gamba, viola da braccio, ndi zida zina.

Nyimbo ya French lute tablature.

Panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya T.: Chitaliyana, Chisipanishi, Chifalansa, Chijeremani. Malamulo ndi maonekedwe a maseche ankadalira luso la kuimba zida; mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za timbre za lute sizinatsimikizidwe ndi phokoso lokha, koma ndi frets, pafupi ndi zomwe zingwezo zinkakanikizidwa potulutsa mawu ofunikira; ndiye. kwa zida zomwe zimasiyana m'mapangidwe, zizindikilo izi zimayimira decomp. zomveka.

Organ Organ tablature yakale yaku Germany

Nyimbo zanyimbo zaku Germany

Zowonjezereka kapena zochepa kwambiri kwa onse T. kunali kutchulidwa kwa rhythm pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapadera zoikidwa pamwamba pa zilembo kapena manambala: dontho - brevis, mzere woyima - semibrevis, mzere wokhala ndi mchira () - minima, mzere wokhala ndi mizere iwiri. mchira () - semiminima, ndi mchira katatu () - fusa, ndi mchira wa quadruple () - semifusa. Zizindikiro zomwezi pamwamba pa mzere wopingasa zimasonyeza kupuma. Potsatira zomveka zingapo zazifupi za nthawi yomweyo m'zaka za zana la 16. anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa otd. zizindikiro zokhala ndi ponytails mzere wamba wopingasa - kuluka, chitsanzo chamakono. "nthiti".

Chikhalidwe cha ng'oma ya organ chinali zilembo za zilembo. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pa zilembo, mizere yopingasa imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yofanana ndi mawu ena a polygoal. nsalu. Mu chakale. organ T., yogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kuyambira kotala loyamba. 1 ndi c. (onani Robertsbridge Codex, yomwe ili ku London mu British Museum) kumayambiriro. M’zaka za m’ma 14, zilembo za zilembozo zinkafanana ndi mawu apansi, ndipo mawu a m’mutu ankagwirizana ndi mawu apamwamba. K ser. 16 ndi c. muphatikizepo zolemba zolembedwa pamanja ndi A. Yleborg (15) ndi K. Pauman (1448), mfundo zake zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu Buxheimer Orgelbuch (c. 1452). Woyamba kusindikizidwa T. adawonekera pachiyambi. M'zaka za m'ma 1460 Mu 16, katswiri wanyimbo wa ku Leipzig, N. Ammerbach, anafalitsa Chijeremani chatsopano. organ T., yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira 1571-1550; M’menemo munali mawu osonyeza zilembo, ndipo zizindikiro za kayimbidwe kake zinkaikidwa pamwamba pa zilembozo. Kufotokozera mophweka kunapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuwerenga T. Mtundu woyamba ndi Chisipanishi. limba T. linakhazikitsidwa ndi theorist X. Bermudo; adayika mawu kuchokera ku C mpaka a1700 pamizere yogwirizana ndi otd. mavoti, ndipo potero adawalemba manambala. Pambuyo pake, makiyi oyera a Chisipanishi (kuyambira f mpaka e2) adasankhidwa ndi manambala (kuyambira 1 mpaka 1), m'ma octaves ena owonjezera adagwiritsidwa ntchito. zizindikiro. Ku Italy, France ndi England m'zaka za zana la 7. polemba nyimbo za zida za kiyibodi, T., yomwe imaphatikizapo machitidwe awiri a mzere, dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere, linagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu Chitaliyana. ndi Spanish. lute T. zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi zimagwirizana ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi, pomwe ma frets adawonetsedwa ndi manambala. Kuwonetsa rhythm mu Spanish. T. anagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mensural notation, kuima pamwamba pa mizere, mu Chitaliyana. T. - zimayambira okha ndi michira kwa iwo, ofanana mu chiwerengero cha makalata. nthawi. Zingwe zapamwamba mu T. zimagwirizana ndi olamulira apansi, ndi mosemphanitsa. Kumveka kwa mawu otsatizana pa chingwe chopatsidwa kunasonyezedwa ndi manambala: 17 (chingwe chotsegula), 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, X, . Mosiyana ndi T. yotchulidwa, mu fr. lute T. anagwiritsidwa ntchito preim. mizere isanu (zingwe zakumtunda zimagwirizana ndi mizere yapamwamba); chachisanu ndi chimodzi, mzere wowonjezera, pazochitika zake, unayikidwa pansi pa dongosolo. Phokoso linalembedwa. zilembo: A (chingwe chotseguka), a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, 9.

German lute t. mwachiwonekere ndi zamoyo zakale kuposa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa; idapangidwa kuti ikhale ya zingwe 5 (pambuyo pake T. - ya zingwe 6).

Nyimbo za nyimbo za ku Italy za lute

Spanish lute tablature

T. uyu analibe mizere, zolemba zonse zinali ndi zilembo, manambala, komanso zimayambira zokhala ndi michira yomwe imasonyeza kamvekedwe.

Pakati pa mipukutu yotsalayo ndi makope osindikizidwa a ntchito zolembedwa ndi organ ndi lute t., zotsatirazi zimadziwika. organ T.: A. Schlick, “Tabulaturen etlicher Lobgesang”, Mainz, 1512; mabuku olembedwa pamanja a H. Kotter (University Library in Basel), I. Buchner’s handwritten tablature book (University Library in Basel and Central Library in Zurich) and other editions in new German. nyimbo za organ zinachitidwa ndi V. Schmidt dem Dlteren (1577), I. Paix (1583), V. Schmidt dem Jüngeren (1607), J. Woltz (1607), ndi ena. b-ka), V. Galilee (Florence, National library), B. Amerbach (Basel, library library) ndi ena. 1523; Francesco da Milano, "Intavolatura di liuto" (1536, 1546, 1547); H. Gerle, “Musica Teusch” (Nürnberg, 1532); "Ein newes sehr künstlich Lautenbuch" (Nürnberg, 1552) ndi ena.

2) Malamulo okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili mu nyimbo ndi ndakatulo. suit-va Meistersinger ndi kugonjetsa mpaka mapeto. Zaka za zana la 15; malamulowa anaphatikizidwa ndi Adam Pushman (c. 1600). Malamulo omwe adapanga adatchedwa T. Kuyimba kwa mastersingers kunali kopanda monophonic ndipo sikunalole instr. operekeza. Mfundo zina za T. Meistersingers zinapangidwanso ndi R. Wagner mu zidutswa za opera The Nuremberg Meistersingers, zokhudzana ndi zenizeni za machitidwe awo. mlandu. Onani Mensural notation, Organ, Lute, Meistersinger.

Mawu akuti "T". idagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'matanthauzo ena: mwachitsanzo, S. Scheidt adasindikiza Tabulatura nova - Sat. prod. ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi; NP Diletsky adagwiritsa ntchito ngati cholembera.

Zothandizira: Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Tl 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; его же, Die Tonschriften, Breslau, 1924; Schrade L., Zipilala zakale kwambiri za nyimbo za organ…, Münster, 1928; Ape1 W., The notation of polyphonic music, Cambridge, 1942, 1961; Moe LH, Nyimbo zovina m'mabuku osindikizira a lute a ku Italy kuyambira 1507 mpaka 1611, Harvard, 1956 (Diss.); Voettisher W., Les oeuvres de Roland de Lassus mises en tablature de luth, в кн.: Le luth et sa musique, P., 1958; Dorfmь1ler K., La tablature de luth allemande…, там же; Zcbe1ey HR, Die Musik des Buxheimer Orgelbuches, Tutzing, 1964.

VA Vakhromeev