Dumbyra: kapangidwe ka zida, mbiri, kumanga, kugwiritsa ntchito

Folklore ali ndi malo apadera mu chikhalidwe cha Bashkir. Zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo, olemba nkhani a Bashkir adayendayenda m'mayiko, akukamba za dziko lawo, komanso kunyumba - za maulendo awo, miyambo ya anthu ena. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, anatsagana ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe chotchedwa dombyra.

kapangidwe

Zitsanzo zakale kwambiri zinali zamatabwa. Bokosi lokhala ngati misozi lomwe lili ndi dzenje la resonator kumtunda limathera ndi khosi lopapatiza ndi ma 19 frets. Kutalika kwa chida dziko Bashkir ndi 80 centimita.

Zingwe zitatu zimamangiriridwa kumutu, ndipo zimakhazikika ndi mabatani pansi pa thupi. Muzojambula zamakono, zingwezo ndi zitsulo kapena nayiloni, m'masiku akale zinkapangidwa kuchokera ku mahatchi.

Mapangidwe a dumbyry ndi quinto-quart. Chingwe chapansi chimatulutsa phokoso la bourdon, awiri okhawo omwe ali ndi melodic. Panthawi ya Sewero, woimbayo amakhala kapena kuimirira, akugwira thupi mobisa ndi chala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amamenya zingwe zonse. Njira yosewera imakumbutsa za balalaika.

History

Dumbyra sangatchulidwe kuti ndi wapadera kapena woyimilira woyambirira wa banja lodulira chingwe. Anthu ambiri a ku Turkic ali ndi zofanana, koma ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: a Kazakhs ali ndi dombra, a Kyrgyz ali ndi komuz, a Uzbek ankatcha chida chawo "dutar". Pakati pawo, amasiyana kutalika kwa khosi ndi chiwerengero cha zingwe.

Bashkir dumbyra analipo zaka 4000 zapitazo. Iye anali chida cha apaulendo, okamba nkhani, nyimbo ndi kubairs ankachitidwa pansi pa mawu ake - ndakatulo zobwerezabwereza. Sesen mwamwambo ankaimba mzimu wa dziko, ufulu wa anthu, womwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX adazunzidwa kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a tsarist. Olemba nthanowo adazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo dumbyra adangokhala chete nawo.

Chida cha sens zokonda ufulu chinasinthidwa ndi mandolin. Pokhapokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 500 anayamba kumangidwanso, komwe kunachokera ku mafotokozedwe omwe alipo, maumboni, zojambula. Woimba ndi ethnographer G. Kubagushev anatha osati kubwezeretsa kamangidwe ka dombyra dziko, komanso kubwera ndi Baibulo lake, ofanana ndi Kazakh domra-viola. Ntchito zoposa XNUMX zinalembedwa kwa iye ndi wolemba Bashkir N. Tlendiev.

Pakalipano, chidwi cha dumbyra chikuwonekeranso. Achinyamata ali ndi chidwi ndi iye, choncho n'zotheka kuti posachedwa chiyimba cha nyimbo cha dziko chidzamvekanso, kuyimba ufulu wa anthu ake.