Renata Tebaldi (Renata Tebaldi) |

Renata Tebaldi

Kwa aliyense amene anamva Tebaldi, kupambana kwake sikunali chinsinsi. Anafotokozedwa, choyamba, ndi luso lapadera la mawu. Nyimbo zake zochititsa chidwi za soprano, zosaoneka bwino komanso zamphamvu, zinkakumana ndi zovuta zilizonse, koma mofanana ndi mithunzi iliyonse yofotokozera. Otsutsa a ku Italy anamutcha mawu ake chozizwitsa, kutsindika kuti soprano wochititsa chidwi kawirikawiri amakwaniritsa kusinthasintha ndi chiyero cha lyric soprano.

Renata Tebaldi anabadwa pa February 1, 1922 ku Pesarro. Bambo ake anali woimba nyimbo ndipo ankasewera m'nyumba zazing'ono za zisudzo m'dzikoli, ndipo amayi ake anali woimba wa masewera. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka XNUMX, Renata anayamba kuphunzira kuimba piyano ndi mphunzitsi wina ndipo analonjeza kuti adzakhala katswiri woimba piyano. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, adalowa mu Pesar Conservatory mu piyano. Komabe, posakhalitsa akatswiri anafotokoza luso lake lapadera la mawu, ndipo Renata anayamba kuphunzira ndi Campogallani pa Parma Conservatory kale monga woimba. Kupitilira apo, amaphunzira kuchokera kwa wojambula wotchuka Carmen Melis, komanso amaphunzira mbali za opera ndi J. Pais.

Pa May 23, 1944, adayamba ku Rovigo monga Elena mu Mephistopheles ya Boito. Koma nkhondoyo itatha, Renata anatha kupitiriza kuimba pa zisudzo. Mu 194546 nyengo, woimba wamng'ono anaimba mu Parma Teatro Regio, ndipo mu 1946 amachita mu Trieste mu Verdi a Otello. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha njira yodabwitsa ya wojambula "Nyimbo ya Willow" ndi pemphero la Desdemona "Ave Maria" linakhudza kwambiri anthu ammudzi. Kuchita bwino m'tawuni yaying'ono yaku Italy iyi kunamupatsa mwayi wochita ku La Scala. Renata adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa oimba omwe amaperekedwa ndi Toscanini panthawi yokonzekera nyengo yatsopano. Mu konsati ya Toscanini, yomwe inachitika pa siteji ya La Scala pa tsiku lofunika kwambiri la May 11, 1946, Tebaldi anakhala yekha yekhayo, yemwe poyamba sankadziwa kwa omvera a Milanese.

Kuzindikiridwa kwa Arturo Toscanini ndi kupambana kwakukulu ku Milan kunatsegula mwayi waukulu kwa Renata Tebaldi mu nthawi yochepa. "La divina Renata", monga momwe wojambulayo amatchulidwira ku Italy, adakhala wokonda kwambiri omvera a ku Ulaya ndi ku America. Panalibe kukayikira kuti chiwonetsero cha opera ku Italy chinalemeretsedwa ndi luso lapadera. Woimbayo wachinyamatayo adalandiridwa nthawi yomweyo mugululi ndipo mu nyengo yotsatira adayimba Elisabeth ku Lohengrin, Mimi ku La Boheme, Eve ku Tannhäuser, kenako mbali zina zotsogola. Ntchito zonse wotsatira wojambulayo anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi zisudzo bwino Italy, pa siteji imene iye anachita chaka ndi chaka.

Kupambana kwakukulu kwa woimbayo kumalumikizidwa ndi zisudzo za La Scala - Marguerite ku Gounod's Faust, Elsa ku Wagner's Lohengrin, zigawo zapakati za soprano ku La Traviata, The Force of Destiny, Verdi's Aida, Tosca ndi La Boheme. Puccini.

Koma pamodzi ndi izi, Tebaldi bwinobwino anaimba kale mu 40s mu zisudzo zonse zabwino Italy, ndi 50s - kunja ku England, USA, Austria, France, Argentina ndi mayiko ena. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adaphatikiza ntchito zake ngati woyimba payekha ku La Scala ndi zisudzo pafupipafupi ku Metropolitan Opera. Wojambulayo adagwirizana ndi otsogolera akuluakulu onse a nthawi yake, adapereka ma concert ambiri, ndipo adajambula pazithunzi.

Koma ngakhale pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50, sikuti aliyense ankasirira Tebaldi. Izi ndi zomwe mungawerenge m'buku la Tenor waku Italy Giacomo Lauri-Volpi "Vocal Parallels":

"Pokhala woyimba wapadera, Renata Tebaldi, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu amasewera, amayenda mtunda yekha, ndipo yemwe amathamanga yekha ndiye amafika pomaliza. Alibe omutsanzira kapena opikisana naye… Palibe amene angangoyima panjira yake, komanso kuti amupangitse kukhala ngati mpikisano. Zonsezi sizikutanthauza kuyesa kunyozetsa ulemu wa mawu ake. M'malo mwake, zikhoza kutsutsidwa kuti ngakhale "Nyimbo ya Msondodzi" yokha ndi pemphero la Desdemona likutsatira izo zimachitira umboni kuti ndi zotani za nyimbo zomwe wojambula waluso amatha kukwaniritsa. Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kukumana ndi manyazi chifukwa cholephera kupanga La Traviata ku Milan, komanso panthawi yomwe ankaganiza kuti adagonjetsa mitima ya anthu mosasinthika. Kuwawa kwa kukhumudwa kumeneku kunakhumudwitsa kwambiri moyo wa wojambula wachinyamatayo.

Mwamwayi, nthawi yochepa kwambiri inadutsa, ndikuyimbanso opera yomweyi ku Neapolitan Theatre "San Carlo", adaphunzira kufooka kwa chigonjetso.

Kuyimba kwa Tebaldi kumalimbikitsa mtendere ndikusisita khutu, kuli ndi mithunzi yofewa komanso chiaroscuro. Umunthu wake umasungunuka m'mawu ake, monga momwe shuga amasungunuka m'madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotsekemera komanso yosasiya zizindikiro zowonekera.

Koma patapita zaka zisanu, Lauri-Volpi anakakamizika kuvomereza kuti zimene anaona m’mbuyomo zinafunika kuwongolera kwambiri. "Lero," akulemba, "ndiko kuti, mu 1960, mawu a Tebaldi ali ndi zonse: ndi ofatsa, otentha, owundana komanso ngakhale m'madera onse." Zowonadi, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 50s, kutchuka kwa Tebaldi kwakhala kukukula nyengo ndi nyengo. Maulendo opambana m'mabwalo akuluakulu aku Europe, kugonjetsa dziko la America, kupambana kwapamwamba pa Metropolitan Opera ... Lecouvreur mu opera ya dzina lomwelo ndi Cilea, Elvira mu Mozart a Don Giovanni, Matilda mu Rossini's Wilhelm Tell, Leonora mu Verdi's The Force of Destiny, Madame Butterfly mu opera ya Puccini, Tatiana mu Eugene Onegin ya Tchaikovsky. Ulamuliro wa Renata Tebaldi mdziko lamasewera ndi wosatsutsika. Mdani wake yekhayo woyenera ndi Maria Callas. Kupikisana kwawo kunapangitsa chidwi cha okonda zisudzo. Onse aŵiri athandiza kwambiri chuma cha luso la mawu la m’zaka za zana lathu.

"Mphamvu yosatsutsika ya luso la Tebaldi," akugogomezera katswiri wodziwika bwino wa luso la mawu VV Timokhin - m'mawu a kukongola kwapadera ndi mphamvu, zofewa modabwitsa komanso zachifundo panthawi zanyimbo, komanso m'zochitika zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zokopa ndi chilakolako choyaka moto, komanso, kuwonjezera apo. , mu luso lodabwitsa la kasewero ndi nyimbo zapamwamba ... Tebaldi ali ndi liwu limodzi lokongola kwambiri m'zaka zathu zapitazi. Ichi ndi chida chodabwitsa kwambiri, ngakhale kujambula kumapereka chithumwa chake momveka bwino. Mawu a Tebaldi amasangalala ndi zotanuka "zonyezimira", "zonyezimira" phokoso, modabwitsa momveka bwino, wokongola mofanana mu fortissimo ndi pianissimo zamatsenga mu kaundula wapamwamba, ndi kutalika kwa mtunda, komanso ndi timbre yowala. M'magawo odzaza ndi kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwamalingaliro, mawu a wojambula amamveka mophweka, omasuka, komanso omasuka monga mu cantilena yabata, yosalala. Ma registry ake ndiabwino kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa mithunzi yosinthika pakuyimba, mawu abwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso zida zonse zamitundu ya timbre ndi woyimba kumathandiziranso chidwi chachikulu chomwe amapanga kwa omvera.

Tebaldi ndi wachilendo ku chikhumbo cha "kuwala ndi mawu", kusonyeza chilakolako cha "Italiya" choyimba, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa nyimbo (zomwe ngakhale akatswiri ena otchuka a ku Italy nthawi zambiri amachimwa). Amayesetsa kutsatira kukoma kwabwino ndi luso laluso pa chilichonse. Ngakhale m'masewera ake nthawi zina pamakhala malo "odziwika" osakwanira, konsekonse, kuyimba kwa Tebaldi kumasangalatsa omvera nthawi zonse.

Ndizovuta kuiwala kumveka kokulirapo kwa mawu omwe amamvekera mu monologue komanso zomwe adatsanzikana ndi mwana wake wamwamuna ("Madama Butterfly"), kukwera kodabwitsa komaliza kwa "La Traviata", mawonekedwe "azimiririka" komanso okhudza mtima. kuwona mtima kwa duet yomaliza mu "Aida" komanso mtundu wofewa, wachisoni wa "kuzirala" pakutsanzikana kwa Mimi. Njira ya munthu wojambula pa ntchitoyo, chizindikiro cha zokhumba zake zaluso zimamveka mbali iliyonse yomwe amaimba.

Woimbayo nthawi zonse anali ndi nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita zachikondi, nyimbo zamtundu, ndi ma opera ambiri; potsiriza, kutenga nawo mbali mu kujambula ntchito operatic amene analibe mwayi kupita pa siteji; Okonda nyimbo zamagalamafoni adazindikira mwa iye Madame Butterfly wokongola kwambiri, osamuwonapo paudindowu.

Chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima, adatha kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene, atangotsala pang'ono kubadwa kwa makumi asanu, wojambulayo anayamba kuvutika ndi kukhuta kwambiri, m'miyezi ingapo adatha kutaya mapaundi owonjezera makumi awiri ndipo adawonekeranso pamaso pa anthu, okongola kwambiri komanso achisomo kuposa kale lonse.

Omvera a dziko lathu anakumana Tebaldi kokha m'dzinja 1975, kumapeto kwa ntchito yake. Koma woimbayo anakhala ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu, kuchita mu Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv. Anayimba ma opera ndi ting'onoting'ono ta mawu ndi mphamvu zogonjetsa. “Luso la woyimba silitengera nthawi. Zojambula zake zimakopabe chisomo chake komanso kupusa kwa zinthu, luso laukadaulo, kulumikizana kwa sayansi yamawu. Okonda kuyimba zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi, omwe adadzaza holo yayikulu ya Palace of Congresses usiku womwewo, adalandira mwansangala woimbayo, sanamulole kuchoka pabwalo kwa nthawi yayitali, "inalemba nyuzipepala ya Sovetskaya Kultura.