Bruno Walter |

Bruno Walter

Ntchito ya Bruno Walter ndi imodzi mwamasamba owala kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo. Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi aŵiri, iye anaima patebulo la kondakitala m’nyumba zazikulu kwambiri za zisudzo ndi maholo ochitirako konsati padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kutchuka kwake sikunazimiririke mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Bruno Walter ndi mmodzi mwa oimira ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a mlalang'amba wa otsogolera aku Germany omwe adawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lathu. Iye anabadwira ku Berlin, m'banja losavuta, ndipo adawonetsa luso loyambirira lomwe linamupangitsa kuwona wojambula wamtsogolo mwa iye. Pamene ankaphunzira ku Conservatory, iye anaphunzira luso ziwiri - piyano ndi kulemba. Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira kaŵirikaŵiri, anasankha njira yachitatu monga chotulukapo, ndipo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anakhala kondakitala. Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha chilakolako chake cha ma concerts a symphony, momwe adamva nyimbo za Hans Bülow, mmodzi mwa otsogolera komanso oimba piyano m'zaka zapitazi.

Walter ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, anali atamaliza kale maphunziro awo ku Conservatory ndipo adatenga udindo wake woyamba ngati woyimba piyano ku Cologne Opera House, ndipo patatha chaka adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kuno. Posakhalitsa Walter anasamukira ku Hamburg, kumene anayamba kugwira ntchito motsogoleredwa ndi Gustav Mahler, yemwe anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa wojambula wamng'ono. Kwenikweni, Mahler anali mlengi wa sukulu zonse za okonda, imene Walter moyenerera ndi mmodzi wa malo oyamba. Zaka ziwiri zomwe zidakhala ku Hamburg, woimba wachinyamatayo adadziwa zinsinsi za luso laukadaulo; anakulitsa nyimbo zake ndipo pang’onopang’ono anakhala munthu wodziwika bwino pa nyimbo. Ndiye kwa zaka zingapo iye anachita mu zisudzo Bratislava, Riga, Berlin, Vienna (1901-1911). Apa tsoka linabweretsanso iye pamodzi ndi Mahler.

Mu 1913-1922, Walter anali "wotsogolera nyimbo wamkulu" ku Munich, adatsogolera zikondwerero za Mozart ndi Wagner, mu 1925 adatsogolera Berlin State Opera, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi, Leipzig Gewandhaus. Izi zinali zaka zakuyenda bwino kwa konsati ya kondakitala, yomwe idadziwika ku Europe konse. Panthawi imeneyo, iye mobwerezabwereza anapita dziko lathu, kumene maulendo ake ankachitika ndi bwino nthawi zonse. Ku Russia, ndiyeno ku Soviet Union, Walter anali ndi mabwenzi ambiri pakati pa oimba. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anali woyamba woimba kunja kwa Symphony woyamba Dmitry Shostakovich. Nthawi yomweyo, wojambulayo amachita nawo zikondwerero za Salzburg ndipo amazichita chaka chilichonse ku Covent Garden.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi atatu, Bruno Walter anali kale pamwamba pa ntchito yake. Koma ndi kudza kwa Hitler, wochititsa wotchuka anakakamizika kuthawa Germany, choyamba ku Vienna (1936), kenako ku France (1938) ndipo, potsiriza, ku USA. Apa iye anachita pa Metropolitan Opera, anachita ndi oimba bwino. Nkhondo itatha m'pamenenso Walter adawonanso maholo a konsati ndi zisudzo ku Europe. Luso lake panthawiyi silinathe mphamvu. Monga m’zaka zake zauchichepere, iye anakondweretsa omvera ndi kukula kwa malingaliro ake, ndi mphamvu zolimba mtima, ndi changu chaukali. Chotero anakhalabe m’chikumbukiro cha onse amene anamva kondakitala.

Nyimbo zomaliza za Walter zidachitika ku Vienna, patangotsala nthawi yochepa kuti wojambulayo afe. Motsogoleredwa ndi Schubert's Unfinished Symphony ndi Mahler's Fourth anachitidwa.

Nyimbo za Bruno Walter zinali zazikulu kwambiri. Malo apakati mmenemo anali otanganidwa ndi ntchito za German ndi Austrian classical opeka. Kunena zowona, zitha kunenedwa ndi chifukwa chabwino kuti mapulogalamu a Walter adawonetsa mbiri yonse ya symphony yaku Germany - kuchokera ku Mozart ndi Beethoven kupita ku Bruckner ndi Mahler. Ndipo kunali kuno, komanso mu zisudzo, kuti luso kondakitala anaonekera ndi mphamvu yaikulu. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, masewero ang'onoang'ono ndi ntchito za olemba amakono anali pansi pa iye. Kuchokera ku nyimbo zenizeni zilizonse, adadziwa kufotokoza moto wa moyo ndi kukongola kwenikweni.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya repertoire ya Bruno Walter yasungidwa muzolemba. Ambiri aiwo samangopereka kwa ife mphamvu yosatha ya luso lake, komanso amalola omvera kuti alowe mu labotale yake yolenga. Izi zikutanthauza zojambulira zoyeserera za Bruno Walter, kumvetsera zomwe mwadala mumadzipangiranso m'maganizo mwanu mawonekedwe olemekezeka komanso olemekezeka a mbuye wamkulu uyu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969