Video Pinza (Ezio Pinza) |

Ezio Pinza

Pinza ndiye mabasi oyamba aku Italy azaka za zana la XNUMX. Iye anapirira mosavuta mavuto onse luso, chidwi ndi zazikulu bel canto, nyimbo ndi kukoma wosakhwima.

Ezio Fortunio Pinza anabadwa pa May 18, 1892 ku Rome, mwana wa kalipentala. Pofunafuna ntchito, makolo a Ezio anasamukira ku Ravenna atangobadwa kumene. Kale ali ndi zaka eyiti, mnyamatayo anayamba kuthandiza bambo ake. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, bambo sanafune kuona mwana wake akupitiriza ntchito yake - analota kuti Ezio adzakhala woimba.

Koma maloto ndi maloto, ndipo atataya ntchito ya abambo ake Ezio anayenera kusiya sukulu. Tsopano iye ankasamalira banja lake mmene akanathera. Pofika zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, Ezio adawonetsa luso la kupalasa njinga: mu mpikisano wina waukulu ku Ravenna, adatenga malo achiwiri. Mwinamwake Pinza adalandira mgwirizano wopindulitsa wazaka ziwiri, koma abambo ake anapitirizabe kukhulupirira kuti ntchito ya Ezio inali kuimba. Ngakhale chigamulo cha mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri wa ku Bolognese Alessandro Vezzani sichinakhazikitse Pinza wamkulu. Iye ananena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Mnyamatayu alibe mawu.”

Cesare Pinza nthawi yomweyo anaumirira mayeso ndi mphunzitsi wina ku Bologna - Ruzza. Panthawiyi, zotsatira za kafukufukuyo zinali zogwira mtima, ndipo Ruzza anayamba maphunziro ndi Ezio. Popanda kusiya ukalipentala, Pinza mwamsanga anapeza zotsatira zabwino mu luso mawu. Komanso, pambuyo Ruzza, chifukwa cha kudwala matenda, sanathe kupitiriza kumuphunzitsa, Ezio analandira chisomo cha Vezzani. Sanamvetse n’komwe kuti woimba wamng’ono amene anabwera kwa iye nthawi ina anakanidwa ndi iye. Pinza ataimba nyimbo ya opera "Simon Boccanegra" yolembedwa ndi Verdi, mphunzitsi wolemekezekayo sanadumphe kutamanda. Iye sanangovomereza kuvomereza Ezio pakati pa ophunzira ake, komanso anamulimbikitsa ku Bologna Conservatory. Komanso, popeza wojambula wamtsogolo analibe ndalama zolipirira maphunziro ake, Vezzani adavomera kuti amulipirire "stipend" kuchokera ku ndalama zake.

Pazaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri, Pinza amakhala woyimba yekha ndi gulu laling'ono la opera. Amapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Oroveso ("Norma" Bellini), udindo wodalirika, pa siteji ku Sancino, pafupi ndi Milan. Atapeza bwino, Ezio amamukonza ku Prato ("Ernani" ndi Verdi ndi "Manon Lescaut" ndi Puccini), Bologna ("La Sonnambula" ndi Bellini), Ravenna ("Favorite" ndi Donizetti).

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse inasokoneza kukwera kofulumira kwa woimba wamng'ono - amakhala zaka zinayi mu usilikali.

Nkhondo itatha pamene Pinza anayambiranso kuimba. Mu 1919, wotsogolera wa "Rome Opera" adalandira woyimba ngati gawo la gulu la zisudzo. Ndipo ngakhale Pinza amasewera kwambiri maudindo achiwiri, amawonetsanso talente yopambana mwa iwo. Izi sizinadziwike ndi wotsogolera wotchuka Tullio Serafin, yemwe adayitana Pinza ku Turin Opera House. Atayimba mbali zingapo za bass apa, woimbayo akuganiza zowononga "nyumba yayikulu" - "La Scala" ya Milan.

Wotsogolera wamkulu Arturo Toscanini anali kukonzekera Die Meistersinger ya Wagner panthawiyo. Kondakitala adakonda momwe Pinz adasewera gawo la Pogner.

Pokhala woyimba payekha ku La Scala, pambuyo pake, motsogozedwa ndi Toscanini, Pinza adayimba Lucia di Lammermoor, Aida, Tristan ndi Isolde, Boris Godunov (Pimen) ndi masewera ena. Mu May 1924, Pinza, pamodzi ndi oimba abwino kwambiri a La Scala, anaimba pa sewero loyamba la opera ya Boito Nero, yomwe inadzutsa chidwi chachikulu pa dziko la nyimbo.

"Zochita zophatikizana ndi Toscanini zinali sukulu yowona ya luso lapamwamba kwambiri kwa woimbayo: adapatsa wojambulayo zambiri kuti amvetse kalembedwe ka ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano wa nyimbo ndi mawu pakuchita kwake, anathandiza kuti adziwe bwino mbali ya luso. luso la mawu," akutero VV Timokhin. Pinza anali m’gulu la anthu ochepa amene Toscanini anaona kuti n’koyenera kuwatchula. Nthawi ina, poyeserera Boris Godunov, adanena za Pints, yemwe adasewera Pimen: "Pomaliza, tapeza woimba yemwe amatha kuyimba!"

Kwa zaka zitatu, wojambulayo anachita pa siteji ya La Scala. Posakhalitsa onse aku Europe ndi America adadziwa kuti Pinza anali m'modzi mwamabasi aluso kwambiri m'mbiri ya zisudzo zaku Italy.

Ulendo woyamba kunja kwa Pinza amakhala ku Paris, ndipo mu 1925 wojambulayo akuimba pa Colon Theatre ku Buenos Aires. Chaka chotsatira, mu Novembala, Pinza apanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Spontini's Vestal ku Metropolitan Opera.

Kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, Pintsa anakhalabe soloist okhazikika wa zisudzo ndi kukongoletsa gulu. Koma osati m'masewero a opera okha omwe Pinz adasilira akatswiri ofunikira kwambiri. Anaimbanso bwino ngati woyimba payekha ndi oimba ambiri otchuka aku US a symphony orchestra.

VV Timokhin akulemba kuti: "Mawu a Pintsa - okwera kwambiri, owoneka bwino, okongola kwambiri, osinthika komanso amphamvu, okhala ndi mitundu yambiri - adatumikira wojambulayo ngati njira yofunikira, komanso kuchita moganizira komanso mokwiya, kupanga moyo, zithunzi zowona za siteji. . Zida zambiri zofotokozera, zomveka komanso zochititsa chidwi, woyimba yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zenizeni. Kaya ntchitoyo inkafunika zowawa, kunyoza, kuphweka kwakukulu kapena nthabwala zowoneka bwino, nthawi zonse amapeza kamvekedwe koyenera ndi mitundu yowala. Pomasulira Pinza, ngakhale ena omwe ali kutali ndi zilembo zapakati adapeza tanthauzo lapadera komanso tanthauzo. Wojambulayo ankadziwa momwe angawapatsire anthu amoyo ndipo motero mosakayikira adakopa chidwi cha omvera kwa ngwazi zake, kusonyeza zitsanzo zodabwitsa za luso la kubadwanso kwina. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kutsutsa kwa 20s ndi 30s kumamutcha "Chaliapin wamng'ono."

Pinza ankakonda kubwereza kuti pali mitundu itatu ya oimba a opera: omwe samasewera konse pa siteji, omwe amatha kutsanzira ndi kutengera zitsanzo za anthu ena, ndipo, potsiriza, omwe amayesetsa kumvetsetsa ndi kuchita gawolo mwa njira yawoyawo. . Otsatira okhawo, malinga ndi Pinza, akuyenera kutchedwa ojambula.

Pinz woyimba, wodziwika bwino wa basso cantante, adakopeka ndi mawu ake aluso, luso lotsogola, mawu omveka bwino komanso chisomo chachilendo, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhala wowoneka bwino m'masewera a Mozart. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mawu a woimbayo angamveke molimba mtima ndi mwachidwi, momveka bwino kwambiri. Monga Italiya ndi dziko, Pince anali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyimbo zachi Italiya, koma wojambulayo adachitanso zambiri mu zisudzo za olemba Russian, German ndi French.

Anthu a m'nthawi yake adawona Pinz ngati wojambula wa opera wosinthika kwambiri: nyimbo zake zinali ndi nyimbo zopitilira 80. maudindo ake bwino anazindikira Don Juan, Figaro ( "Ukwati wa Figaro"), Boris Godunov ndi Mephistopheles ( "Faust").

Kumbali ya Figaro, Pinza anatha kufotokoza kukongola kwa nyimbo za Mozart. Figaro wake ndi wopepuka komanso wansangala, wanzeru komanso wodziwikiratu, wosiyanitsidwa ndi kuwona mtima kwamalingaliro ndi chiyembekezo chopanda malire.

Ndi bwino makamaka, iye anachita mu zisudzo "Don Giovanni" ndi "Ukwati wa Figaro" wochitidwa ndi Bruno Walter pa wotchuka Mozart Chikondwerero (1937) ku dziko la wolemba - mu Salzburg. Kuyambira pamenepo, pano woyimba aliyense mu maudindo a Don Giovanni ndi Figaro wakhala mosalekeza poyerekeza Pinza.

Woimbayo nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito ya Boris Godunov ndi udindo waukulu. Kalelo mu 1925, ku Mantua, Pinza adayimba gawo la Boris kwa nthawi yoyamba. Koma anatha kuphunzira zinsinsi zonse za chilengedwe wanzeru Mussorgsky kutenga nawo mbali mu kupanga Boris Godunov pa Metropolitan (mu udindo wa Pimen) pamodzi ndi Chaliapin wamkulu.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti Fedor Ivanovich ankachitira bwino mnzake wa ku Italy. Pambuyo pa sewero lina, anakumbatira Pinza mwamphamvu n’kunena kuti: “Ndimakonda kwambiri Pimen wako Ezio.” Chaliapin sankadziwa kuti Pinza adzakhala wolowa m'malo mwake. M'chaka cha 1929, Fedor Ivanovich anasiya Metropolitan, ndipo anasonyeza Boris Godunov anasiya. Zaka khumi zokha pambuyo pake sewerolo lidayambiranso, ndipo Pinza adasewera gawo lalikulu momwemo.

"Pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzicho, adaphunzira mosamala zolemba za mbiri ya Russia kuyambira nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Godunov, mbiri ya wopeka, komanso mfundo zonse zokhudzana ndi kulengedwa kwa ntchitoyo. Kutanthauzira kwa woimbayo sikunali kochokera mu kukula kwakukulu kwa kutanthauzira kwa Chaliapin - mu machitidwe a wojambula, nyimbo ndi zofewa zinali patsogolo. Komabe, otsutsa ankaona kuti udindo wa Tsar Boris ndiye kupambana kwakukulu kwa Pinza, ndipo mu gawo ili adapambana kwambiri, "analemba VV Timokhin.

Nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse isanayambe, Pinza anaimba kwambiri m’nyumba zochitira opera ku Chicago ndi ku San Francisco, anayendera England, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, ndipo mu 1936 anapita ku Australia.

Nkhondo itatha, mu 1947, anaimba mwachidule ndi mwana wake wamkazi Claudia, mwini wake wa lyric soprano. Mu nyengo ya 1947/48, adayimba komaliza ku Metropolitan. Mu May 1948, ndi sewero la Don Juan mumzinda wa Cleveland ku America, anatsanzikana ndi siteji ya opera.

Komabe, ma concerts a woimbayo, mawailesi ake ndi ma TV akadali opambana kwambiri. Pinza adatha kukwaniritsa zomwe sizingatheke mpaka pano - kusonkhanitsa anthu zikwi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri usiku umodzi pa siteji yakunja ya New York "Lewison Stage"!

Kuyambira 1949, Pinza wakhala akuimba mu operettas (Southern Ocean ndi Richard Rogers ndi Oscar Hammerstein, Fanny ndi Harold Rome), akuchita mafilimu (Bambo Imperium (1950), Carnegie Hall (1951), This Evening we sing" (1951) .

Chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, wojambulayo adasiya zisudzo zapagulu m'chilimwe cha 1956.

Pinza anamwalira pa May 9, 1957 ku Stamford (USA).