Toti Dal Monte (Toti Dal Monte) |

Toti Dal Monte

Toti Dal Monte (dzina lenileni - Antonietta Menegelli) anabadwa pa June 27, 1893 m'tauni ya Mogliano Veneto. "Dzina langa laluso - Toti Dal Monte - silinali, m'mawu a Goldoni, chipatso cha" chopangidwa mwanzeru ", koma ndi cha ine mwa kulondola, woimbayo analemba pambuyo pake. “Toti ndi munthu wochepa kwambiri wa Antoniette, n’zimene banja langa linkanditcha mwachikondi kuyambira ndili mwana. Dal Monte ndi dzina la agogo anga aakazi (kumbali ya amayi anga), omwe adachokera ku "banja lolemekezeka la Venetian". Ndinatenga dzina lakuti Toti Dal Monte kuyambira tsiku loyamba langa pa siteji ya opera mwangozi, mothandizidwa ndi mwadzidzidzi.

Bambo ake anali mphunzitsi wa sukulu komanso mtsogoleri wa oimba achigawo. Motsogozedwa ndi Toti kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu anali atathetsedwa bwino ndikuyimba piyano. Podziwa zofunikira za chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi adayimba zachikondi ndi nyimbo za Schubert ndi Schumann.

Posakhalitsa banjali linasamukira ku Venice. Toti wamng'ono anayamba kuyendera Femice Opera House, komwe adamva koyamba Mascagni's Rural Honor ndi Puccini's Pagliacci. Kunyumba, pambuyo pa sewerolo, amatha kuyimba nyimbo zomwe amakonda komanso zolemba za zisudzo mpaka m'mawa.

Komabe, Toti analowa mu Venice Conservatory monga woimba piyano, akuphunzira ndi Maestro Tagliapietro, wophunzira wa Ferruccio Busoni. Ndipo ndani akudziwa momwe tsogolo lake likadakhalira ngati, atatsala pang'ono kumaliza nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, sanavulaze dzanja lake lamanja - adang'amba tendon. Izi zinamufikitsa kwa "mfumukazi ya bel canto" Barbara Marchisio.

"Barbara Marchisio! akukumbukira Dal Monte. "Anandiphunzitsa ndi chikondi chopanda malire kutulutsa kolondola kwa mawu, mawu omveka bwino, zobwerezabwereza, luso lachifanizo, luso la mawu lomwe silidziwa zovuta zilizonse m'ndime iliyonse. Koma ndi masikelo angati, arpeggios, legato ndi staccato omwe anayenera kuyimbidwa, kukwaniritsa ungwiro wa ntchito!

Miyeso ya Halftone inali njira yophunzitsira yomwe Barbara Marchisio ankakonda kwambiri. Anandipangitsa kuti nditenge ma octaves awiri pansi ndikukwera mmwamba ndi mpweya umodzi. M’kalasi, iye nthaŵi zonse anali wodekha, woleza mtima, kufotokoza zonse mosavuta ndi mogwira mtima, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri sanali kudzudzula mwaukali.

Maphunziro a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi Marchisio, chikhumbo chachikulu ndi kupirira komwe woimba wamng'ono amagwira ntchito, amapereka zotsatira zabwino. M’chilimwe cha 1915, Toti anaimba koyamba m’konsati yapoyera, ndipo mu January 1916 anasaina pangano lake loyamba ndi bwalo lamilandu la Milan la La Scala kuti amulandire malipiro ochepa chabe a malire khumi patsiku.

"Ndiyeno tsiku loyamba linafika," woimbayo analemba m'buku lake "Voice Above the World". Chisangalalo cha malungo chinalamulira pabwalo ndi m’zipinda zosungiramo. Omvetsera okongola, odzaza mipando iliyonse muholoyo, anali kuyembekezera mopanda chipiriro kuti chinsalu chiwuke; Maestro Marinuzzi analimbikitsa oimba, omwe anali ndi mantha komanso nkhawa kwambiri. Ndipo ine, ine…sindinawone kapena kumva kalikonse pozungulira; mu diresi loyera, wigi ya blond… yopangidwa mothandizidwa ndi anzanga, kwa ine ndekha ndinkawoneka ngati chithunzithunzi cha kukongola.

Pomaliza tinakwera siteji; Ndinali wocheperapo kuposa onse. Ndimayang'ana ndi maso akuda muphompho lamdima la holoyo, ndikulowa panthawi yoyenera, koma zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti mawuwo si anga. Komanso, chinali chodabwitsa chosasangalatsa. Pothamangira masitepe a nyumba yachifumu pamodzi ndi atsikana, ndinagwedezeka ndi diresi langa lalitali kwambiri ndipo ndinagwa, ndikugunda bondo langa mwamphamvu. Ndinamva kuwawa koopsa, koma nthawi yomweyo ndinalumpha. "Mwina palibe amene adawona chilichonse?" Ndinasangalala, kenako, ndikuthokoza Mulungu, mchitidwewo unatha.

Kuwomba m’manja kutatha ndipo ochita zisudzo atasiya kuimba, anzangawo anandizungulira n’kuyamba kunditonthoza. Misozi inali itakonzeka kutsika m’maso mwanga, ndipo zinkaoneka kuti ndinali mkazi womvetsa chisoni kwambiri padziko lonse. Wanda Ferrario anabwera kwa ine nati:

“Osalira, Toti… Kumbukirani… Unagwa pawonetsero, ndiye yembekezera zabwino zonse!”

Kupanga "Francesca da Rimini" pa siteji ya "La Scala" inali chochitika chosaiwalika m'moyo wanyimbo. Nyuzipepala zinali zodzaza ndi ndemanga zachisangalalo za seweroli. Mabuku angapo adawonanso woyamba wachinyamatayo. Nyuzipepala ya Stage Arts inalemba kuti: "Toti Dal Monte ndi mmodzi mwa oimba odalirika a zisudzo zathu", ndipo Musical and Drama Review inati: "Toti Dal Monte mu udindo wa Snow White ndi wodzaza ndi chisomo, ali ndi timbre yowutsa mudyo. mawu ndi kalembedwe kodabwitsa” .

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha ntchito yake yojambula, Toti Dal Monte adayendera Italy kwambiri, akusewera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mu 1917 adaimba ku Florence, akuimba gawo layekha mu Pergolesi's Stabat Mater. Mu May chaka chomwecho, Toti anaimba katatu ku Genoa ku Paganini Theatre, mu opera ya Don Pasquale ndi Donizetti, kumene, monga momwe amadziwira, adachita bwino kwambiri.

Pambuyo pa Genoa, gulu la Ricordi linamuitana kuti achite nawo opera ya Puccini The Swallows. Zisudzo zatsopano zidachitika ku Politeama Theatre ku Milan, mu opera ya Verdi Un ballo ku maschera ndi Rigoletto. Kutsatira izi, ku Palermo, Toti adasewera Gilda ku Rigoletto ndipo adatenga nawo gawo pawonetsero wa Lodoletta wa Mascagni.

Kubwerera kuchokera ku Sicily kupita ku Milan, Dal Monte akuimba mu salon yotchuka "Chandelier del Ritratto". Adayimba nyimbo za Rossini (The Barber of Seville ndi William Tell) ndi Bizet (The Pearl Fishers). Nyimbozi ndizosaiwalika kwa wojambulayo chifukwa chodziwana ndi wochititsa Arturo Toscanini.

"Msonkhanowu unali wofunikira kwambiri pa tsogolo la woimbayo. Kumayambiriro kwa 1919, gulu la oimba, lotsogozedwa ndi Toscanini, linaimba nyimbo ya Beethoven ya Ninth Symphony kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Turin. Toti Dal Monte adachita nawo konsatiyi ndi tena Di Giovanni, bass Luzicar ndi mezzo-soprano Bergamasco. Mu March 1921, woimbayo adasaina mgwirizano woyendera mizinda ya Latin America: Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, San Paolo, Rosario, Montevideo.

Pakati pa ulendo woyamba waukulu ndi wopambana uyu, Toti Dal Monte adalandira telegalamu kuchokera ku Toscanini ndi mwayi wochita nawo ntchito yatsopano ya Rigoletto yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu repertoire ya La Scala kwa nyengo ya 1921/22. Patapita mlungu umodzi, Toti Dal Monte anali kale ku Milan ndipo anayamba zowawa ndi khama pa fano la Gilda motsogozedwa ndi kondakitala wamkulu. Kuyamba kwa "Rigoletto" kochitidwa ndi Toscanini m'chilimwe cha 1921 adalowa mu chuma cha dziko lapansi kwamuyaya. Toti Dal Monte adapanga mu seweroli chifaniziro cha Gilda, chokopa chiyero ndi chisomo, kutha kufotokozera mithunzi yochenjera kwambiri ya msungwana wachikondi ndi wovutika. Kukongola kwa mawu ake, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa mawu ndi ungwiro wa mawu ake, umboni kuti anali kale mbuye wokhwima.

Atakhutira ndi kupambana kwa Rigoletto, Toscanini ndiye adapanga Lucia di Lammermoor ya Donizetti ndi Dal Monte. Ndipo kupanga uku kunali kupambana ... "

Mu December 1924, Dal Monte anaimba bwino ku New York, pa Metropolitan Opera. Monga momwe adachitira bwino ku US, adachita ku Chicago, Boston, Indianapolis, Washington, Cleveland ndi San Francisco.

Kutchuka kwa Dal Monte mwamsanga kunafalikira kutali kupitirira Italy. Anayenda kumakontinenti onse ndikuchita ndi oimba abwino kwambiri azaka zapitazi: E. Caruso, B. Gigli, T. Skipa, K. Galeffi, T. Ruffo, E. Pinza, F. Chaliapin, G. Bezanzoni. Dal Monte adatha kupanga zithunzi zambiri zosaiŵalika, monga Lucia, Gilda, Rosina ndi ena, pazaka zopitirira makumi atatu za zisudzo pazigawo za nyumba zabwino kwambiri za opera padziko lapansi.

Imodzi mwamaudindo ake abwino kwambiri, wojambulayo adawona udindo wa Violetta mu Verdi's La traviata:

“Pokumbukira zokamba zanga mu 1935, ndinatchula kale za Oslo. Inali gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yanga yojambula. Kunali kuno, mu likulu lokongola la Norway, pamene ndinaimba koyamba mbali ya Violetta ku La Traviata.

Chifaniziro chaumunthu ichi cha mkazi wovutika - nkhani yachikondi yomvetsa chisoni yomwe inakhudza dziko lonse - sichinandisiye ine wosayanjanitsika. Sikoyenera kunena kuti pali alendo pafupi, kusungulumwa. Koma tsopano chiyembekezo chadzuka mwa ine, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinakhala zosavuta mu moyo wanga ...

Kumveka kwa kuwonekera kwanga kokongola kunafika ku Italy, ndipo posakhalitsa wailesi ya ku Italy inatha kufalitsa zojambula zachitatu za La Traviata kuchokera ku Oslo. Wotsogolera anali Dobrovein, wodziwika bwino wa zisudzo komanso woimba wouziridwa. Chiyesocho chinakhaladi chovuta kwambiri, ndipo pambali pake, kunja, sindinawoneke bwino kwambiri pa siteji chifukwa cha msinkhu wanga wamfupi. Koma ndidagwira ntchito mosatopa ndikupambana ...

Kuyambira 1935, gawo la Violetta lakhala limodzi mwa malo akuluakulu m'gulu langa, ndipo ndinayenera kupirira mpikisano wovuta kwambiri ndi "otsutsa" ovuta kwambiri.

Violettas otchuka kwambiri m'zaka zimenezo anali Claudia Muzio, Maria Canilla, Gilda Dalla Rizza ndi Lucrezia Bori. Sikuli kwa ine, ndithudi, kuweruza ntchito yanga ndikufanizira. Koma ndinganene mosapita m’mbali kuti La Traviata anandibweretsera chipambano chocheperapo kuposa Lucia, Rigoletto, The Barber of Seville, La Sonnambula, Lodoletta, ndi ena.

Chigonjetso cha Norway chinabwerezedwanso pa masewero a ku Italy a opera iyi ndi Verdi. Zinachitika pa Januware 9, 1936 ku Neapolitan Theatre "San Carlo" ... Kalonga waku Piedmontese, Countess d'Aosta ndi wotsutsa Pannein analipo pabwalo lamasewera, munga weniweni m'mitima ya oimba ambiri ndi oimba. Koma zonse zinayenda bwino. Pambuyo pa mkuntho wa mkuntho kumapeto kwa chochitika choyamba, chidwi cha omvera chinakula. Ndipo pamene, muzochitika zachiwiri ndi zachitatu, ndinatha kufotokoza, monga momwe ndikuwonera, njira zonse zakumverera kwa Violetta, kudzipereka kwake kosatha m'chikondi, kukhumudwa kwakukulu pambuyo pa chipongwe chosalungama ndi imfa yosapeŵeka, kuyamikira. ndipo chidwi cha omvera chinali chopanda malire ndipo chinandikhudza ine.

Dal Monte anapitirizabe kuchita pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Malinga ndi iye, adapezeka mu 1940-1942 "pakati pa thanthwe ndi malo ovuta ndipo sakanatha kukana ma concert omwe adagwirizana kale ku Berlin, Leipzig, Hamburg, Vienna."

Pampata woyamba, wojambulayo anafika ku England ndipo anali wokondwa kwambiri pamene, pa msonkhano wa London, adamva kuti omvera akugwidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu zamatsenga za nyimbo. M’mizinda ina yachingelezi analandiridwa mwachikondi chimodzimodzi.

Posakhalitsa anapita ku Switzerland, France, Belgium. Kubwerera ku Italy, iye anaimba mu zisudzo ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri mu The Barber wa Seville.

Mu 1948, atapita ku South America, woimbayo adasiya siteji ya opera. Nthawi zina amachita ngati zisudzo zisudzo. Amathera nthawi yochuluka pophunzitsa. Dal Monte analemba buku lakuti "Voice over the world", lomasuliridwa mu Russian.

Toti Dal Monte anamwalira pa January 26, 1975.