Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova |

Nadezhda Obukhova

Wopambana wa Stalin Prize (1943), People's Artist wa USSR (1937).

Kwa zaka zambiri, woimba EK anachita ndi Obukhova. Katulskaya. Izi ndi zomwe akunena: "Sewero lililonse ndi Nadezhda Andreevna linkawoneka ngati losangalatsa komanso losangalatsa komanso losangalatsa. Pokhala ndi mawu okoma, apadera mu kukongola kwake kwa timbre, kufotokozera mwaluso mwaluso, luso lomveka bwino la mawu ndi luso, Nadezhda Andreevna adapanga chithunzi chonse chazithunzi za moyo wozama komanso kukwanira kogwirizana.

Pokhala ndi luso lodabwitsa la kusintha kwaluso, Nadezhda Andreevna adatha kupeza mtundu wofunikira wa mawu, ma nuances osawoneka bwino akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a siteji, kufotokoza malingaliro osiyanasiyana aumunthu. Chilengedwe cha machitidwe chakhala chikuphatikizidwa ndi kukongola kwa mawu ndi kufotokoza kwa mawu.

Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova anabadwa pa March 6, 1886 ku Moscow, m'banja lakale lolemekezeka. Amayi ake adamwalira msanga ndi kumwa. Bambo, Andrei Trofimovich, msilikali wotchuka, wotanganidwa ndi zochitika za boma, anapatsa agogo ake aamuna kulera ana. Adrian Semenovich Mazaraki analera adzukulu ake - Nadia, mlongo wake Anna ndi mchimwene wake Yuri - m'mudzi mwawo, m'chigawo Tambov.

"Agogo aamuna anali woimba piyano wabwino kwambiri, ndipo ndinamvetsera Chopin ndi Beethoven mu ntchito yake kwa maola ambiri," adatero Nadezhda Andreevna. Anali agogo aamuna amene anayambitsa mtsikanayo kuimba piyano ndi kuimba. Maphunziro anali opambana: ali ndi zaka 12, Nadya wamng'ono ankaimba nyimbo za Chopin ndi ma symphonies a Haydn ndi Mozart m'manja anayi ndi agogo ake aamuna, odwala, okhwima komanso ovuta.

Pambuyo imfa ya mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi, Adrian Semenovich anali mantha kwambiri kuti adzukulu ake sakanadwala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, choncho mu 1899 anabweretsa zidzukulu zake ku Nice.

Woimbayo akukumbukira kuti: “Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro athu ndi Pulofesa Ozerov, tinayamba kuchita maphunziro a mabuku ndi mbiri ya Chifalansa. Awa anali maphunzilo a private a Madame Vivodi. Tinadutsa mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya French Revolution. Phunziroli linaphunzitsidwa kwa ife ndi Vivodi mwiniwake, mkazi wanzeru kwambiri yemwe anali wanzeru, wopita patsogolo wa ku France. Agogo anapitiriza kutiimba nyimbo.

Tinabwera ku Nice kwa nyengo zachisanu zisanu ndi ziŵiri (kuyambira 1899 mpaka 1906) ndipo m’chaka chachitatu chokha, mu 1901, m’pamene tinayamba kutenga maphunziro oimba kuchokera kwa Eleanor Linman.

Ndimakonda kuimba kuyambira ndili mwana. Ndipo maloto anga okondedwa nthawi zonse anali kuphunzira kuimba. Ndinagawana maganizo anga ndi agogo anga, adachita bwino kwambiri ndi izi ndipo adanena kuti iye mwiniyo anali ataziganizira kale. Anayamba kufunsa za maprofesa oimba, ndipo adauzidwa kuti Madame Lipman, wophunzira wa Pauline Viardot wotchuka, amaonedwa kuti ndi mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri ku Nice. Agogo anga aamuna ndi ine tinapita kwa iye, ankakhala pa Boulevard Garnier, m'nyumba yake yaying'ono. Mayi Lipman anatilonjera mwansangala, ndipo agogo atawauza cholinga cha kufika kwathu, anachita chidwi kwambiri ndipo anasangalala kudziŵa kuti tinali Arasha.

Pambuyo pa mayeso, anapeza kuti tinali ndi mawu abwino ndipo anavomera kugwira ntchito nafe. Koma sanandizindikire nthawi yomweyo mezzo-soprano yanga ndipo adanena kuti ndikugwira ntchito zidziwikiratu kuti mawu anga amakulira kuti - pansi kapena mmwamba.

Ndinakhumudwa kwambiri pamene Madame Lipman adapeza kuti ndinali ndi soprano, ndipo ndinasilira mlongo wanga chifukwa Madame Lipman anamuzindikira kuti ndi mezzo-soprano. Nthawi zonse ndakhala wotsimikiza kuti ndili ndi mezzo-soprano, mawu otsika anali achilengedwe kwa ine.

Maphunziro a Madame Lipman anali osangalatsa, ndipo ndinapita kwa iwo mosangalala. Madame Lipman nawonso adatsagana nafe ndipo adatiwonetsa kuyimba. Kumapeto kwa phunzirolo, adawonetsa luso lake, adayimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zisudzo; mwachitsanzo, gawo la contralto la Fidesz kuchokera ku opera ya Meyerbeer The Prophet, aria for dramatic soprano Rachel kuchokera ku opera ya Halevy Zhidovka, coloratura aria ya Marguerite ndi ngale kuchokera ku opera ya Gounod Faust. Tinamvetsera mwachidwi, kudabwa ndi luso lake, luso lake ndi mau ake osiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti mawuwo anali ndi timbre yosasangalatsa, yowopsya ndipo anatsegula pakamwa pake kwambiri komanso monyansa. Anadziperekeza yekha. Panthaŵiyo sindinkadziŵabe za luso, koma luso lake linandidabwitsa. Komabe, maphunziro anga sanali okhazikika nthaŵi zonse, chifukwa nthaŵi zambiri ndinkakhala ndi zilonda zapakhosi ndipo sindinkatha kuimba.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya agogo awo, Nadezhda Andreevna ndi Anna Andreevna anabwerera kwawo. Amalume a Nadezhda, Sergei Trofimovich Obukhov, anali woyang'anira zisudzo. Iye anafotokoza makhalidwe osowa mawu Nadezhda Andreevna ndi chilakolako chake kwa zisudzo. Anathandizira kuti kumayambiriro kwa 1907 Nadezhda analoledwa ku Moscow Conservatory.

GA Polyanovsky analemba kuti: “Kalasi ya pulofesa wotchuka Umberto Mazetti ku Moscow Conservatory inakhala, titero kunena kwake, nyumba yake yachiŵiri. - Mwakhama, kuiwala za kugona ndi kupuma, Nadezhda Andreevna anaphunzira, kugwira, monga zikuwonekera kwa iye, anataya. Koma thanzi lidapitilirabe kufooka, kusintha kwanyengo kudachitika mwadzidzidzi. Thupi linkafunikira chisamaliro chosamala kwambiri - matenda omwe amadwala paubwana wawo, ndipo kubadwa kunadzipangitsa kudzimva. Mu 1908, patangotha ​​chaka chimodzi chiyambire maphunziro opambana oterowo, ndinayenera kudodometsa maphunziro anga kwa kanthaŵi ndi kubwerera ku Italy kukalandira chithandizo. Anakhala 1909 ku Sorrento, ku Naples, ku Capri.

... Thanzi la Nadezhda Andreevna litangoyamba kulimba, adayamba kukonzekera ulendo wobwerera.

Kuyambira 1910 - Moscow, Conservatory, kalasi ya Umberto Mazetti. Akadali otanganidwa kwambiri, akumvetsetsa ndikusankha chilichonse chofunikira mu dongosolo la Mazetti. Mphunzitsi wodabwitsa anali mlangizi wanzeru, wachifundo amene anathandiza wophunzirayo kuphunzira kudzimva yekha, kugwirizanitsa mamvekedwe achibadwa a mawu m’mawu ake.

Akupitirizabe kuphunzira ku Conservatory, Obukhova anapita ku 1912 kukayesa ku St. Petersburg, ku Mariinsky Theatre. Apa iye anaimba pansi pseudonym Andreeva. M’maŵa mwake, woimbayo wachichepereyo anaŵerenga m’nyuzipepala kuti oimba atatu okha ndiwo anaonekera m’ma audition pa Mariinsky Theatre: Okuneva, woyimba soprano wochititsa chidwi, munthu wina amene sindikukumbukira, ndi Andreeva, mezzo-soprano wa ku Moscow.

Kubwerera ku Moscow, April 23, 1912, Obukhova anapambana mayeso mu kalasi yoimba.

Obukhova akukumbukira kuti:

“Ndinachita bwino kwambiri m’mayeso ameneŵa ndipo ndinasankhidwa kuyimba pa msonkhano wapachaka wa msonkhano wapachaka ku Great Hall of the Conservatory pa May 6, 1912. Ndinaimba nyimbo ya Chimene. Holoyo inali yodzaza, ndinalandiridwa mwansangala kwambiri ndipo ndinaitanidwa nthaŵi zambiri. Kumapeto kwa konsatiyo, anthu ambiri anadza kwa ine, kundiyamikira chifukwa cha kupambana kwanga ndi pomaliza maphunziro anga osungiramo zinthu zakale, ndipo anandifunira chipambano chachikulu panjira yanga yamtsogolo yaluso.

Tsiku lotsatira ndinawerenga ndemanga ya Yu.S. Sakhnovsky, pomwe adanenedwa kuti: "Mayi. Obukhova (kalasi ya Pulofesa Mazetti) adasiya chidwi chodabwitsa ndi machitidwe a Chimene aria kuchokera ku "Cid" ndi Massenet. Pakuimba kwake, kuwonjezera pa mawu ake abwino kwambiri komanso luso lake labwino kwambiri, munthu amatha kumva kuwona mtima ndi kutentha ngati chizindikiro chosakayikitsa cha talente yayikulu ya siteji.

Atangomaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, Obukhova anakwatira Pavel Sergeevich Arkhipov, wantchito wa Bolshoi Theatre: iye anali kuyang'anira dipatimenti yopanga ndi kusintha.

Mpaka 1916, pamene woimba analowa Bolshoi Theatre, anapereka zoimbaimba ambiri m'dziko lonselo. Mu February, Obukhova adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kwake ngati Polina mu Mfumukazi ya Spades ku Bolshoi Theatre.

“Chiwonetsero choyamba! Ndi kukumbukira chiyani mu moyo wa wojambula kungafanane ndi kukumbukira tsiku lino? Ndili ndi chiyembekezo chowala, ndinakwera pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre, pamene munthu amalowa m'nyumba yake. Bwalo la zisudzoli linali ndipo linakhalabe nyumba yanga yonse kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu ndikugwira ntchito mmenemo. Zambiri zamoyo wanga zadutsa pano, zosangalatsa zanga zonse zopanga komanso zabwino zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi zisudzo izi. Zokwanira kunena kuti m'zaka zonse za ntchito yanga yojambula, sindinachitepo pa siteji ya zisudzo zina zilizonse.

April 12, 1916 Nadezhda Andreevna anayambitsa sewero "Sadko". Kale kuchokera ku zisudzo zoyamba, woimbayo adatha kufotokoza kutentha ndi umunthu wa fanolo - pambuyo pake, izi ndizopadera za talente yake.

NN Ozerov, yemwe adasewera ndi Obukhova mu seweroli, akukumbukira kuti: "NA Obukhova, yemwe adayimba pa tsiku loyamba lomwe linali lofunika kwa ine, adapanga chithunzi chodabwitsa komanso chokongola cha mkazi wokhulupirika, wachikondi wa ku Russia, "Novgorod. Penelope" - Lyubava. Mawu okoma mtima, odabwitsa chifukwa cha kukongola kwa timbre, ufulu womwe woyimbayo adawutaya, mphamvu yochititsa chidwi ya kuyimba nthawi zonse imadziwika ndi machitidwe a NA Obukhova".

Kotero iye anayamba - mogwirizana ndi oimba ambiri otchuka, otsogolera, otsogolera siteji Russian. Ndiyeno Obukhova anakhala mmodzi wa zounikira izi. Anaimba maphwando oposa makumi awiri ndi asanu pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ndi ngale ya Russian mawu ndi luso siteji.

EK Katulskaya analemba kuti:

"Choyamba, ndimakumbukira Obukhova - Lyubasha ("Mkwatibwi wa Tsar") - wokonda, wopupuluma komanso wotsimikiza. Mwa njira zonse amamenyera chimwemwe chake, kukhulupirika kwa ubwenzi, chikondi chake, popanda zomwe sangakhalemo. Ndi chikondi chogwira mtima komanso kumverera kwakukulu, Nadezhda Andreevna anaimba nyimbo yakuti "Konzekerani mwamsanga, amayi okondedwa ..."; nyimbo yodabwitsa iyi idamveka mokulira, ndikukopa omvera ...

Wopangidwa ndi Nadezhda Andreevna mu opera "Khovanshchina", chifaniziro cha Marita, chifuniro chosasunthika ndi moyo wokondana, ndi wa kutalika kwa kulenga kwa woimbayo. Ndi kulimbikira luso kugwirizana, iye akuvumbula moonekeratu kutengeka maganizo zachipembedzo chibadwidwe heroine wake, amene amabweretsa chilakolako chamoto ndi chikondi mpaka kudzipereka kwa Prince Andrei. Nyimbo yodabwitsa ya Chirasha "Mwana Anatuluka", monga maula a Marita, ndi imodzi mwazochita zaluso zamawu.

Mu opera Koschei Wosafa, Nadezhda Andreevna adapanga chithunzi chodabwitsa cha Koshcheevna. Umunthu weniweni wa "kukongola koyipa" unamveka m'chifanizo ichi. Nkhanza zowopsya ndi zopanda chifundo zinamveka m'mawu a woimbayo, pamodzi ndi kumverera kwakukulu kwa chikondi cha Ivan Korolevich ndi nsanje yopweteka kwa mfumukazi.

NA inapanga mitundu yowala ya timbre ndi mawu omveka bwino. Chithunzi chowala cha Obukhov, ndakatulo ya Spring mu opera "The Snow Maiden". Wamphamvu komanso wauzimu, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutentha ndi chikondi ndi mawu ake osangalatsa komanso mawu owona mtima, Vesna-Obukhova adagonjetsa omvera ndi cantilena yake yodabwitsa, yomwe gawo ili ladzaza kwambiri.

Marina wake wonyada, mdani wopanda chifundo wa Aida Amneris, Carmen wokonda ufulu, wolemba ndakatulo Ganna ndi Polina, Delila wanjala, wolimba mtima komanso wachinyengo - maphwando onsewa ndi osiyana ndi maonekedwe ndi khalidwe, momwe Nadezhda Andreevna adatha. perekani mithunzi yobisika yamalingaliro, kuphatikiza nyimbo ndi zithunzi zochititsa chidwi. Ngakhale m'chigawo chaching'ono cha Lyubava (Sadko), Nadezhda Andreevna amapanga chithunzi chosaiwalika cha ndakatulo cha mkazi wa ku Russia - mkazi wachikondi ndi wokhulupirika.

Masewero ake onse adatenthedwa ndi malingaliro akuya aumunthu komanso malingaliro owoneka bwino. Kupuma koyimba ngati njira yowonetsera mwaluso kumayenda mumtsinje wokhazikika, wosalala komanso wabata, kupeza mawonekedwe omwe woimbayo ayenera kupanga kuti azikongoletsa mawuwo. Mawuwo anamveka m’kaundula onse mofanana, molemera, mowala. limba limba, forte popanda mavuto, "velvet" zolemba zake wapadera, "Obukhov" timbre, kufotokoza mawu - zonse umalimbana kuwulula lingaliro la ntchito, makhalidwe nyimbo ndi maganizo.

Nadezhda Andreevna anapambana kutchuka chomwecho pa siteji ya opera monga woimba chipinda. Kuimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana - kuyambira nyimbo zachikale ndi zachikondi zakale (adazichita mwaluso kwambiri) mpaka zovuta zakale komanso zachikondi za oimba aku Russia ndi azungu - Nadezhda Andreevna adawonetsa, monga mumasewera a opera, mawonekedwe obisika komanso apadera. luso la kusintha kwaluso. Kusewera m'maholo ambiri oimba, adakopa omvera ndi chithumwa cha luso lake, ndikupanga kulankhulana nawo zauzimu. Aliyense amene anamva Nadezhda Andreevna mu sewero la opera kapena konsati anakhalabe wosilira waluso luso lowala kwa moyo wake wonse. Umu ndi mphamvu ya talente. "

Zoonadi, atasiya siteji ya opera kumayambiriro kwa moyo wake mu 1943, Obukhova adadzipereka ku zochitika zowonetserako bwino kwambiri. Anali wokangalika kwambiri m'ma 40s ndi 50s.

Zaka za woimba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi. Komabe, Nadezhda Andreevna, ngakhale ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu, akuchita zoimbaimba m'chipindamo, adadabwitsa omvera ndi chiyero ndi moyo wamtundu wapadera wa mezzo-soprano.

Pa June 3, 1961, ku Nyumba ya Wosewera kunachitika konsati ya Nadezhda Andreevna, ndipo pa June 26, adaimba gawo lonse mu konsati kumeneko. Concert iyi inakhala nyimbo ya Nadezhda Andreevna. Atapita kukapuma ku Feodosia, adamwalira mwadzidzidzi kumeneko pa Ogasiti 14.