Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

Giordano, monga ambiri a m'nthawi yake, m'mbiri ya mlembi wa opera, ngakhale analemba oposa khumi. Luso la Puccini linaphimba talente yake yochepa. Cholowa cha Giordano chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa zisudzo zake pali zisudzo za verist, zodzaza ndi zilakolako zachilengedwe, monga Mascagni's Rural Honor ndi Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Palinso nyimbo zochititsa chidwi, zofanana ndi zisudzo za Puccini - zokhala ndi malingaliro ozama komanso owoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri potengera mbiri yakale yokonzedwa ndi olemba aku France. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Giordano adatembenukiranso kumitundu yamasewera.

Umberto Giordano anabadwa pa 28 (malinga ndi zina 27) August 1867 m'tawuni yaing'ono ya Foggia m'chigawo cha Apulia. Anali kukonzekera kukhala dokotala, koma ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi bambo ake anamutumiza ku Naples Conservatory ya San Pietro Maiella, kumene mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri wa nthawi imeneyo, Paolo Serrao, ankaphunzitsa. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga, Giordano adaphunzira piyano, limba ndi violin. Pa maphunziro ake, adapanga symphony, overture ndi sewero limodzi la Marina, lomwe adapereka ku mpikisano wolengezedwa mu 1888 ndi wofalitsa wachiroma Edoardo Sonzogno. Mascagni's Rural Honor adapambana mphotho yoyamba, kupanga komwe kunatsegula nthawi yatsopano - yotsimikizika - mu zisudzo zaku Italy. "Marina" sanaperekedwe mphoto iliyonse, siinayambe, koma Giordano, wamng'ono kwambiri mwa omwe adachita nawo mpikisano, adakopa chidwi cha oweruza, omwe adatsimikizira Sonzogno kuti wolemba wazaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi apita kutali. Wofalitsayo anayamba kumvetsera ndemanga zabwino za Giordano pamene nyumba yosindikizira ya Ricordi yomwe ikupikisana ndi Sonzogno inasindikiza piyano yake ya Idyll, ndipo quartet ya zingwe inamveka bwino ndi atolankhani ku Naples Conservatory. Sonzogno adaitana Giordano, yemwe adamaliza maphunziro ake chaka chino ku Conservatory, kupita ku Rome, yemwe adasewera Marina, ndipo wofalitsayo adasaina mgwirizano wa opera yatsopano. Iye mwini anasankha libretto kutengera sewero la "Lonjezo" lolemba wotchuka wamasiku ano wa Neapolitan di Giacomo, lomwe likuwonetsa zochitika za moyo wa Neapolitan pansi. Chitsanzo cha opera, chotchedwa The Lost Life, chinali The Rural Honor, ndipo kupanga kunachitika ku Rome mu 1892, tsiku lomwelo ndi Pagliacci. Kenaka The Lost Life inawona kuwala kwa kuwala kunja kwa Italy, ku Vienna, kumene kunali kopambana kwambiri, ndipo zaka zisanu pambuyo pake kope lake lachiŵiri linawonekera pansi pa mutu wakuti The Vow.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory ndi mphotho yoyamba, Giordano adakhala mphunzitsi wake ndipo mu 1893 adapanga opera yachitatu, Regina Diaz, ku Naples. Zinakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zam'mbuyomu, ngakhale olemba anzawo a Rural Honor adachita ngati omasulira. Adakonzanso libretto yakale kukhala chiwembu chambiri, kutengera zomwe Donizetti adalemba sewero lachikondi la Maria di Rogan zaka theka zapitazo. "Regina Diaz" sanalandire chivomerezo cha Sonzogno: adalengeza kuti wolembayo ndi wapakati ndipo adamuletsa chithandizo chakuthupi. Wolembayo adaganiza zosintha ntchito yake - kukhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo kapena mphunzitsi wamipanda (anali wabwino ndi lupanga).

Chilichonse chinasintha pamene bwenzi la Giordano, wolemba nyimbo A. Franchetti, anam'patsa ufulu wa "Andre Chenier", womwe unalimbikitsa Giordano kuti apange opera yake yabwino kwambiri, yomwe inachitikira ku La Scala ku Milan mu 1896. Zaka ziwiri ndi theka pambuyo pake, Fedora adayamba ku Naples. . Kupambana kwake kunalola Giordano kumanga nyumba pafupi ndi Baveno, yotchedwa "Villa Fyodor", kumene nyimbo zake zotsatila zinalembedwa. Zina mwa izo ndi zina pa chiwembu Russian - "Siberia" (1903). Mmenemo, woimbayo adatembenukiranso ku verismo, akujambula sewero la chikondi ndi nsanje ndi chiwonongeko chamagazi mu ukapolo wa chilango cha Siberia. Mzere womwewo udapitilizidwa ndi Mwezi wa Mariano (1910), kutengeranso sewero la di Giacomo. Kusintha kwina kunachitika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1910: Giordano adatembenukira ku mtundu wazithunzithunzi ndipo pazaka khumi (1915-1924) adalemba Madame Saint-Gene, Jupiter ku Pompeii (mogwirizana ndi A. Franchetti) ndi The Dinner of Jokes “. Opera yake yomaliza inali The King (1929). M'chaka chomwecho, Giordano anakhala membala wa Academy of Italy. Kwa zaka makumi aŵiri zotsatira, sanalembe china chilichonse.

Giordano anamwalira pa November 12, 1948 ku Milan.

A. Koenigsberg

Zolemba:

machitidwe (12), kuphatikizapo Regina Diaz (1894, Mercadante Theatre, Naples), André Chenier (1896, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Fedora (kutengera sewero la V. Sardou, 1898, Lyrico Theatre, Milan), Siberia (Siberia (Siberia) , 1903, La Scala Theatre, ibid.), Marcella (1907, Lyrico Theatre, ibid.), Madame Saint-Gene (potengera comedy Sardou, 1915, Metropolitan Opera, New York), Jupiter ku Pompeii (pamodzi ndi A . Franchetti, 1921, Rome), Dinner of Jokes (La cena della beffe, yochokera pa sewero la S. Benelli, 1924, La Scala Theatre, Milan), The King (Il Re, 1929, ibid); ballet - "Magic Star" (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, osati siteji); za orchestra - Piedigrotta, Hymn to the Decade (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, yosasindikizidwa); zidutswa za piyano; zachikondi; nyimbo zowonetsera zisudzo, ndi zina.