Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dranishnikov |

Vladimir Dranishnikov

Wolemekezeka Wojambula wa RSFSR (1933). Mu 1909 anamaliza maphunziro a regency makalasi Court Singing Chapel ndi mutu wa regent, mu 1916 St. Petersburg Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira ndi AK Esipova (piyano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (wochititsa ). Mu 1914 anayamba kugwira ntchito ngati woyimba piyano pa Mariinsky Theatre. Kuyambira 1918 wochititsa, kuyambira 1925 kondakitala wamkulu ndi mutu wa gawo loimba la zisudzo.

Dranishnikov anali wochititsa chidwi opera. Kuwululidwa kwakuya kwa sewero lanyimbo za sewero la opera, kumveka bwino kwa siteji, kusinthika kwatsopano ndi kumasulira kwatsopano kunaphatikizidwa mwa iye ndi lingaliro loyenera la kulinganiza pakati pa mawu ndi zida zoimbira, zoimbaimba - ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa cantilena. wa phokoso la orchestra.

Motsogozedwa ndi Dranishnikov, zisudzo zakale zidachitika ku Mariinsky Theatre (kuphatikiza Boris Godunov, mu buku la wolemba MP Mussorgsky, 1928; The Queen of Spades, 1935, ndi ma opera ena a PI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), ntchito za Soviet ("Chiwombankhanga Kuukira" Pashchenko, 1925; "Chikondi cha Malalanje Atatu" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) ndi oimba amasiku ano aku Western Europe ("Kutalikirana" ndi Schreker , 1925; "Wozzeck" lolemba Berg, 1927).

Kuyambira 1936, Dranishnikov wakhala mtsogoleri waluso ndi wotsogolera wamkulu wa Kyiv Opera Theatre; adatsogolera zopanga za Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (kope latsopano lolemba BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Shchorc ya Lyatoshinsky (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Komanso ankaimba symphony wochititsa ndi limba (mu USSR ndi kunja).

Wolemba zolemba, nyimbo ("Symphonic etude" ya piyano yokhala ndi orc., vocals, etc.) ndi zolembedwa. MF Rylsky anapereka sonnet "Imfa ya Hero" kukumbukira Dranishnikov.

Zolemba: Opera "Chikondi cha Malalanje Atatu". Kwa kupanga opera ndi S. Prokofiev, mu: Chikondi cha malalanje atatu, L., 1926; Modern Symphony Orchestra, mu: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Wolemekezeka Wojambula EB Wolf-Israel. Mpaka chaka cha 40 cha ntchito yake yaluso, L., 1934; Sewero lanyimbo la The Queen of Spades, pamodzi: The Queen of Spades. Opera ndi PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Wojambula wamphamvu komanso wokonda kupsa mtima, wochita zinthu molimba mtima, wotulukira zatsopano mu zisudzo zanyimbo - umu ndi momwe Dranishnikov adalowa mu luso lathu. Iye anali mmodzi wa olenga woyamba wa Soviet opera Theatre, mmodzi wa okonda woyamba amene ntchito yake inali ya nthawi yathu.

Dranishnikov adayambitsa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pabwalo akadali wophunzira pamakonsati achilimwe ku Pavlovsk. Mu 1918, atamaliza maphunziro ake ku Petrograd Conservatory monga kondakitala (ndi N. Cherepnin), woimba piyano ndi woimbira nyimbo, anayamba kuchita nawo pa Mariinsky Theatre, kumene ankagwira ntchito ngati woperekeza. Kuyambira pamenepo, masamba ambiri owala m'mbiri ya gulu ili kugwirizana ndi dzina Dranishnikov, amene mu 1925 anakhala wochititsa wake wamkulu. Amakopa otsogolera abwino kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito, amasinthira repertoire. Magawo onse a zisudzo zanyimbo anali pansi pa luso lake. Ntchito zomwe Dranishnikov amakonda kwambiri zikuphatikizapo zisudzo za Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, makamaka Tchaikovsky (adachita The Queen of Spades, Iolanta, ndi Mazeppa, opera yomwe, m'mawu a Asafiev, "adapezanso, kuwulula mzimu wokhumudwa, wokonda kwambiri wanzeru uyu, nyimbo zokoma, njira zake zolimba mtima, mawu ake odekha, achikazi”). Dranishnikov adatembenukiranso ku nyimbo zakale ("The Water Carrier" ndi Cherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" ndi Rossini), adalimbikitsa Wagner ("Gold of the Rhine", "Death of the Gods", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi ("Il trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello"), Wiese ("Carmen"). Koma adagwira ntchito ndi chidwi chapadera pa ntchito zamakono, kwa nthawi yoyamba kusonyeza Leningrad Strauss The Rosenkavalier, Prokofiev's Love for Three Oranges, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Pashchenko's Eagle's Revolt, ndi Deshevov's Ice and Steel. Pomaliza, adatenga nyimbo ya ballet m'manja mwa Drigo wokalamba, kukonzanso Mausiku aku Egypt, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, akusewera The Flames of Paris. Izi zinali zosiyanasiyana ntchito za wojambula uyu.

Tiyeni tionjezere kuti Dranishnikov nthawi zonse ankaimba m'makonsati, kumene makamaka anapambana Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, ndipo amagwira ntchito ndi French Impressionists. Ndipo sewero lililonse, konsati iliyonse yomwe inachitika ndi Dranishnikov inachitika m'nyengo yosangalatsa, yotsagana ndi zochitika zazikulu zaluso. Otsutsa nthawi zina adatha "kumugwira" pa zolakwa zazing'ono, panali madzulo pamene wojambulayo sanamvepo maganizo, koma palibe amene angakane luso lake mu mphamvu zokopa.

Katswiri wamaphunziro B. Asafiev, yemwe adayamikira kwambiri luso la Dranishnikov, analemba kuti: "Zochita zake zonse zinali "zotsutsana ndi zamakono", motsutsana ndi akatswiri oyendetsa galimoto. Pokhala, choyamba, woimba tcheru, waluso, yemwe anali ndi khutu lolemera lamkati, lomwe linamulola kuti amve nyimboyo isanayambe kumveka mu oimba, Dranishnikov mu sewero lake adachoka ku nyimbo kupita kukuchita, osati mosemphanitsa. Anapanga njira yosinthika, yoyambirira, yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi mapulani, malingaliro ndi malingaliro, osati njira yokhayo ya manja apulasitiki, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti asangalale ndi anthu.

Dranishnikov, yemwe nthawi zonse ankadera nkhawa kwambiri za mavuto a nyimbo monga mawu amoyo, ndiko kuti, choyamba, luso la kutchulidwa kwa mawu, momwe mphamvu ya kutchulira, kufotokozera, imanyamula chiyambi cha nyimboyi ndikusintha mawu a thupi kukhala mawu. wonyamula lingaliro - Dranishnikov ankafuna kupanga dzanja la wochititsa - njira ya otsogolera - kuti ikhale yosasunthika komanso yomveka, monga ziwalo za kulankhula kwa munthu, kotero kuti nyimboyi imamveka ngati nyimbo yamoyo, yowotchedwa ndi kutenthedwa maganizo, mawu omveka. Zimenezo zikupereka tanthauzo. Zokhumba zake izi zinali mundege yomweyo ndi malingaliro a omwe adapanga zaluso zenizeni ...

… Kusinthasintha kwa “dzanja lolankhula” lake linali lodabwitsa, chilankhulo cha nyimbo, tanthauzo lake la semantic zinali kupezeka kwa iye kudzera mu zipolopolo zonse zaukadaulo ndi masitayilo. Palibe phokoso limodzi lomwe silinagwirizane ndi tanthauzo la ntchitoyo ndipo palibe phokoso limodzi kuchokera pa chithunzicho, kuchokera m'mawonetseredwe aluso a konkire a malingaliro ndi kutuluka kwa mawu amoyo - umu ndi momwe munthu angapangire credo ya Dranishnikov womasulira. .

Wokhulupirira mwachilengedwe, adafuna mu nyimbo, choyamba, chitsimikizo cha moyo - ndipo chifukwa chake ngakhale ntchito zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, ngakhale ntchito zokhala ndi zokayikitsa, zidayamba kumveka ngati mthunzi wakusowa chiyembekezo wawakhudza, " chikondi chamuyaya cha moyo nthawi zonse chimayimba za icho chokha" ... Dranishnikov adakhala zaka zake zomaliza ku Kyiv, komwe kuyambira 1936 adatsogolera Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Zina mwa ntchito zake zomwe anachita pano ndi "Taras Bulba" ndi Lysenko, "Shchors" ndi Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" ndi Meitus, Rybalchenko ndi Titsa. Imfa yosayembekezereka inagwira Dranishnikov kuntchito - atangoyamba kumene masewero omaliza.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.