Václav Neumann |

Vaclav Neumann

"Munthu wosalimba, mutu wopyapyala, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa - ndizovuta kulingalira kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu a Franz Konwitschny. Zosiyana, komabe, zimadzipempha, popeza wokhala ku Prague Vaclav Neumann tsopano walowa m'malo mwa Konvichny monga mtsogoleri wa gulu la oimba la Gewandhaus, analemba wolemba nyimbo wa ku Germany Ernst Krause zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Kwa zaka zambiri, Vaclav Neumann wapereka luso lake ku zikhalidwe ziwiri za nyimbo nthawi imodzi - Czechoslovak ndi German. Zochita zake zopatsa zipatso komanso zamitundumitundu zikuwonekera ponse paŵiri m'bwalo la zisudzo komanso pabwalo la konsati, zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko ndi mizinda yambiri.

Mpaka posachedwa, Neumann sankadziwika - lero amalankhula za iye ngati mmodzi mwa otsogolera aluso kwambiri komanso oyambirira a mbadwo wa pambuyo pa nkhondo.

Malo obadwirako wojambulayo ndi Prague, “malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a ku Ulaya,” monga momwe oimba amatchulira kalekale. Monga okonda ambiri, Neumann ndi wophunzira ku Prague Conservatory. Aphunzitsi ake kumeneko anali P. Dedechek ndi V. Talikh. Iye anayamba ndi kuimba zida za orchestra - violin, viola. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu anali membala wa gulu lodziwika bwino la Smetana Quartet, akuimba viola mmenemo, ndipo ankagwira ntchito ku Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. Neumann sanasiye maloto oti akhale wotsogolera, ndipo adakwaniritsa cholinga chake.

Kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira anagwira ntchito ku Karlovy Vary ndi Brno, ndipo mu 1956 anakhala wotsogolera wa Prague City Orchestra; nthawi yomweyo, Neumann anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba pa gulu ulamuliro wa Berlin Komische Oper Theatre. Woyang'anira wolemekezeka wa zisudzo, V. Felsenshtein, adatha kumverera mwa wotsogolera wamng'ono makhalidwe okhudzana ndi iye - chikhumbo cha kusamutsidwa kowona, kowona kwa ntchitoyo, chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa zigawo zonse za nyimbo. Ndipo adapempha Neumann kuti atenge udindo wa conductor wamkulu wa zisudzo.

Neumann anakhalabe ku Komish Oper kwa zaka zoposa zisanu, kuyambira 1956 mpaka 1960, ndipo pambuyo pake anachita pano ngati wotsogolera alendo. Kugwira ntchito ndi mbuye wodziwika bwino komanso imodzi mwamagulu abwino kwambiri adamupatsa ndalama zambiri. Zinali m'zaka izi pamene chithunzi chachilendo chojambula cha wojambula chinapangidwa. Zosalala, ngati zikuyenda "ndi nyimbo", mayendedwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mawu akuthwa, omveka bwino (momwe baton yake ikuwoneka kuti "ikuyang'ana" pa chida kapena gulu); kondakitala amapereka chidwi chapadera pakukweza kwa mawu, kukwaniritsa kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi pachimake chowala; kutsogolera gulu la oimba ndi kayendedwe ka zachuma, amagwiritsa ntchito zotheka zonse, mpaka nkhope, kuti afotokoze zolinga zake kwa mamembala a orchestra.

Kunja kosagwira ntchito, kalembedwe kake ka Neiman ali ndi mphamvu yosangalatsa komanso yochititsa chidwi. Muscovites akhoza kukhulupirira zimenezi kangapo - pa zisudzo wochititsa pa kutonthoza Komische Opera Theatre, ndipo kenako, pamene anabwera kwa ife ndi Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. Wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi gululi nthawi zonse kuyambira 1963. Koma Neumann sakuphwanya ndi magulu opanga masewera a GDR - kuyambira 1964 wakhala akugwira ntchito monga wotsogolera nyimbo za Leipzig Opera ndi Gewandhaus Orchestra, ndipo wakhala akuchita zisudzo ku Dresden Opera.

Luso la Neumann ngati wotsogolera nyimbo zimawonekera makamaka pakutanthauzira kwa nyimbo za anzawo - mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira kwa ndakatulo "Kwathu Kwathu" ndi Smetana, ma symphonies a Dvořák ndi ntchito za Janáček ndi Martinou, mzimu wadziko komanso "kuphweka kosavuta" , omwe ali pafupi ndi wotsogolera, komanso olemba amakono a Czech ndi German. Pakati pa oimba ake ankakonda komanso Brahms, Shostakovich, Stravinsky. Ponena za zisudzo, apa mwa ntchito zabwino za wochititsa m'pofunika kutchula "Nthano Hoffmann", "Othello", "Ochenjera Chanterelle" mu "Comische Opera"; "Katya Kabanova" ndi "Boris Godunov" mu buku la Shostakovich, lopangidwa ndi iye mu Leipzig; Opera ya L. Janicek "Kuchokera ku Nyumba Yakufa" - ku Dresden.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969