Kodi Lyre amawoneka bwanji komanso kusewera chida choimbira?

Ngakhale kuti zeze ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zoimbira, oimba ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi funso la momwe angaphunzirire kuimba. Musanaphunzire za luso lakale, muyenera kuphunzira za mawonekedwe a zeze, komanso kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yake ikuluikulu ndi malingaliro ena okhudza njira zogwirira ntchito.

Chida choimbira lira ndi cha mitundu yodulidwa ya zingwe, yomwe ili ndi zingwe 7 zosiyana. Chiwerengero cha zigawo za zingwe ndi chiwerengero cha mapulaneti omwe amaimira chigawo cha harmonic cha Chilengedwe. Nyimboyi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Girisi wakale.

Malingana ndi mapangidwe apangidwe, lyre imawoneka ngati kolala yaikulu, yomwe zingwe zokhala ndi kutalika kwake zimatambasulidwa. Zingwezo zinkapangidwa kuchokera ku fulakisi, hemp, kapena matumbo a nyama. Mapangidwe awa adalumikizidwa ku thupi lalikulu ndi ndodo yapadera.

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale komanso malingaliro a asayansi ambiri, zezezi zidawonekera ku Greece wakale. Ethnos mwiniwakeyo adapangidwa mu nthawi yachikale kuti akhazikike, kusangalatsa ndi kumasula milungu. Pankhani imeneyi, chida choimbiracho chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha luso, chomwe chimawonedwanso masiku ano.

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zapadera zokhudza kamangidwe kake ndi chizindikiro chophiphiritsira, Agirikiwo ankaimba nyimbo zoimbira zeze ndipo ankawerenga ndakatulo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, chida anakhala maziko a chilengedwe cha mtundu ndakatulo ngati mawu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti Lyra amapezeka mu ndakatulo yakale yachi Greek Archilochus.

Chodziwika bwino cha zeze ndi sikelo ya diatonic, yomwe imadziwika ndi kumveka kwa ma octave awiri. Chifukwa cha katunduyu, phokoso la mankhwalawa limafanana ndi bagpipe, makamaka ponena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawilo. Phokoso la lire loyambirira ndilabwino kwambiri, lamphamvu, lokweza komanso lowala, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi phokoso laling'ono komanso mphuno. Kuti achepetse izi, zida zina zimakhala ndi zingwe zopangidwa ndi ubweya kapena nsalu.

Kumveka bwino kumatsimikiziridwa ndi luso lamakono ndi mapangidwe a gawo la thupi. Nthawi zina, ndizotheka kujambula zolemba payokha pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi owonjezera omwe ali kumanja kapena kumanzere. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti phokosolo likhoza kutulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Njira zodziwika bwino zotulutsira mawu ndikudulira zingwe payokha ndikudula zala, nyimbo zikaseweredwa ndi dzanja lamanja, ndipo mawu aliwonse osafunikira pakulembaku amazimitsa ndi kumanzere.

Banja la lyre limadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amasiyana pamapangidwe ake komanso mtundu wamawu. Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito izi kapena zolembazo zimatengera momwe mitunduyo idasankhidwira moyenera.

• Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yayikulu yomwe ili pansipa (kupanga, cithara ndi helis), chinthu chotchedwa da braccio ndichotchuka kwambiri. Chida choimbirachi ndi chofanana ndi violin yachikale yowerama, kupatula zazikulu zazikulu komanso pansi kwambiri. Komanso da braccio ili ndi zingwe za bourdon mu kuchuluka kwa ma PC 7.
• Helis. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya chidacho, mawonekedwe ake ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso thupi lopepuka. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi amayi. Helix imaseweredwa pogwiritsa ntchito plectron, mbale yapadera yopangidwa ndi matabwa, minyanga ya njovu kapena golide weniweni. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mtundu uwu ndi kukhalapo kwa resonator.
• Kupanga. Forminga ndi chida choimbira chakale ku Greece wakale, chodziwika bwino chomwe ndi kupezeka kwa bandeji. Mothandizidwa ndi kuvala koteroko, mankhwalawa amagwiridwa pamapewa - kusewera pa mawondo pankhaniyi sikuperekedwa. Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino ndikutha kupanga zolemba zosavuta, zachidule komanso zapamwamba. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa sonority, kukongola komanso kumveka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupanga kwake ndikwabwino kwa epic chikhalidwe cha nyimboyo.
• Kifara. Chida choimbira chodziwika ndi thupi lolemera komanso losalala. Izi zosiyanasiyana zinkaseweredwa makamaka ndi amuna, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi pa thupi. Chofunikira chimodzimodzi cha cithara ndi kupezeka kwa zingwe 12 m'malo mwa 7 zachikale. Nyimbo zanyimbo ndi zolemba zapayekha zidaseweredwa pogwiritsa ntchito fupa la fupa, lomwe limamangiriridwa ku thupi.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya zida zoimbira imatha kuyimilira ndikukhala. Ngati nyimboyo ikuimbidwa ikuyimirira, lyre imapachikidwa pa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito chikopa chapadera kapena nsalu ya nsalu, yomwe imamangiriridwa ku thupi la mankhwala, pamene khosi limayendetsedwa pang'ono kumbali. Ngati masewerawa akuseweredwa atakhala, lyre imakonzedwa ndi mawondo. Monga momwe zimasonyezera, ndi bwino kugwira chidacho molunjika kapena pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku thupi - pafupifupi 40-45 °. Chifukwa chake, zimafika pakukwaniritsa mawu ofananirako komanso omveka bwino. Ndi dzanja limodzi, woimbayo amaimba mbaliyo, pamene ndi dzanja linalo amang’amba zingwe zosafunika zomwe zingakhudzidwe mwangozi poimba nyimbo inayake.

Popeza kusewera chida ichi sikovuta kwambiri, mutha kuphunzira luso lanu nokha, pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro kapena mabuku apadera. Kuphatikiza apo, pakadali pano pali masukulu angapo oimba omwe akuphunzitsa kuyimba zeze. Kuphatikiza pa njira yokhayo, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudziwa momwe angasinthire bwino chingwecho. Kwa ichi, sikelo yazitsulo zisanu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi zigawo za chingwe chimodzi zimakonzedwa. Ngakhale malingaliro okhazikika, kusewera pamitundu yonse ya zeze kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo - kusuntha zala ndikuthandizira zingwe.

Ngati simutsatira malangizo pamwamba pa udindo wa chida, woimba adzapeza zotsatira zosasangalatsa monga kuchoka munthu makiyi. Mfundoyi ikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti zigawo za zingwe zimatha kusintha kamvekedwe kawo ndi khalidwe lomveka pansi pa kulemera kwa mankhwalawo.

N'zochititsa chidwi, koma zeze ndi chimodzi mwa zida zochepa zoimbira zomwe zinkawonetsedwa pa ndalama zakale. Mfundo imeneyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi maumboni ambiri a mbiri yakale, zofukulidwa pansi ndi zolembedwa m’mabuku akale amene adakalipo mpaka lero.Sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti lira pakadali pano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cha anthu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Chinthu chakale kwambiri chomwe chasungidwa bwino lero ndi zeze, zaka 2.5. Idapezeka mu 2010 komwe tsopano ndi Scotland. Ponena za kutchulidwa kodziwika kwambiri kwa chida, ndi ndakatulo yakale yochokera ku England yotchedwa Beowulf. Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri ambiri, mawu ameneŵa analembedwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 7. Makhalidwe apadera a epic ndi kuchuluka kwa mizere 3180.

Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake kwakukulu pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, lira ndi tanthauzo la osati chida choimbira, komanso khalidwe lalikulu la olemba ndakatulo ambiri. Komanso mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu muzizindikiro zambiri za oimba komanso ngati gawo lazachuma la ku Italy. Nyenyezi yonyezimira ku Northern Hemisphere ndi mbalame yotchuka ya ku Australia yatchedwa chida cha zingwe. Dziwani kuti m'zaka za m'ma XVII zeze anali wowerengeka nyimbo chida m'dera la masiku ano Belarus ndi Ukraine. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wapachiyambi, mankhwalawa anali ndi thupi lalitali komanso lalitali, komanso dzina lodziwika bwino "mphuno". Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, azeze ankaimbidwanso ndi akazi. Mosiyana ndi cithara, chida choyambirira sichinali cholemera kwambiri, choncho sichinkafuna mphamvu zakuthupi.