Kantele: ndichiyani, mbiri ya chida, zikuchokera, mitundu, ntchito, kusewera njira

Sadko wochokera ku nthano ya ku Russia ankaimba zeze, ndipo oimba a ku Finnish ndi Karelian ankagwiritsa ntchito chida choimbira chofanana kwambiri - kantele. Ndi wa banja la chordophone, "wachibale" wake wapamtima ndi zither. Amaonedwa kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri ku Karelia ndi Finland. Kumpoto kwa Ulaya, pali nthano za iye, nthano, nkhani za epic zimasungidwa.

Chida chipangizo

Gusli waku Finnish ali ndi chipangizo chosavuta. M'nthaŵi zakale, iwo ankapachikidwa kuchokera pachidutswa cha mtengo wa alder, chowoneka ngati bokosi, choperekedwa ndi zingwe za mitsempha ya nyama kapena ubweya wa akavalo. Tsopano kantele ndi choyimilira chomwe zingwe zimakhazikika, bolodi lomveka bwino, zikhomo zowongolera. Chida chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi spruce, zikhomo za birch, zingwe zakhala zikupanga zitsulo.

Kukula kwa Karelian kantele ndi kakang'ono. Kutalika kwake sikuposa 80 centimita - ndikosavuta kunyamula, kunyamula nanu kunyumba ndi nyumba. Chiwerengero cha zingwe chingakhale chosiyana. Kalekale panali asanu okha. Tsopano oimba amagwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi zingwe 16 ndi 32. Zoyambazo ndi diatonic, zomalizira za chromatic. Nyimbo zamtundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakopi a diatonic, ma chromatic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera apamwamba.

Mbiri yakale

Anthu akale ankaona kuti chidacho n'chofunika mwamwambo. Aliyense amene ankafuna kuisewera sakanakhoza. Ndi anthu okha omwe adalowetsedwa mu sakramenti omwe amaloledwa ku zingwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri akulu a m’banjamo anali ochita ma runes pa kantele. Palibe angayerekeze kunena kuti kantele adawonekera. Akhoza kufika ku Karelia kuchokera ku Finland kapena ku Baltic, kumene mitundu yofananayi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito, yotchedwa "kankles" kapena "kannel". Mapangidwe a diatonic a psaltery adapangitsa kuti aziyimba nyimbo zosavuta, zotsatizana ndi nyimbo zachimbale zovuta.

Chilichonse chinasintha mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la XNUMX, pomwe wopanga ma epic runes a Kalevala, wosonkhanitsa epic waku Finnish Elias Lennrot, adakonza kantele. Anagawa zingwezo m’mizere iŵiri, imodzi mwa iyo inali ndi zimene zala za piyano zimagwirizana ndi makiyi akuda. Chotsatira chake chinali chida chokhala ndi sikelo ya chromatic, yomwe tsopano inali yoyenera kuimba nyimbo zamaphunziro.

Kope lopangidwa ndi Lennrot linasungidwa. Maloto a masters anali kufalitsa kantele padziko lonse lapansi, kuphunzitsa kuyimba m'masukulu onse oimba. Patatha zaka zana kuchokera pamene wosonkhanitsa nthano, Viktor Gudkov, mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya Kandalaksha, anayang'anitsitsa zeze wa ku Finnish. Iye anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kamvekedwe kabwino kameneka moti anasintha kamangidwe ka kantele ndipo anapanganso gulu limodzi.

A Cantelist adayenda m'dziko lonselo, adalemba nyimbo zakale, adazichita pazigawo za Nyumba za Chikhalidwe. Mu 1936 adapambana pa All-Union Radio Festival. Gudkov adapanga zojambula zomwe zidapangidwa prima yoyamba ndi piccolo-kantele, viola, bass ndi bass awiri.

Zosiyanasiyana

Monga m'masiku akale, chida cha chingwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita payekha. Nyimbo zamakolo ndi nthano zamphamvu zimayimbidwa momveka bwino. Kantele yokhala ndi chromatic ichuning imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba. Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana pamawu:

• basi;
• piccolo
• amalandira;
• mkulu.

Atabwera ku nyimbo zamaphunziro apamwamba, gusli ya ku Finnish inayamba kutchedwa chida cha orchestral.

Kusewera kantele

Oimba amakhala pansi pa mpando, kuyala zeze pa maondo awo. Zingwezo zimadulidwa ndi zala za manja awiri. Wolondolayo amakhazikitsa kamvekedwe kake, ali ndi udindo wokonza zingwe za zolembera zowopsya ndi zapakati, kumanzere kumadzaza mipata.

Kalekale, zala zinali zosavuta. Pa kantele ya zingwe 5, chala chenicheni chinali "chokhazikika" pa chingwe chilichonse. Zingwezo zimakhudzidwa ndi zala, nthawi zina zimakhudzidwa ndi chikhadabo. Ngati chordophone ikumveka m'gulu la oimba ndikugwira ntchito yothandizira ma harmonic, ndiye kuti phokoso limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi njira iyi, kuphunzira kusewera m'masukulu oimba kumayamba.

kugwiritsa

Zida zakale zochepa lerolino zingadzitamandire kutchuka koteroko. Kalekale, zinkamveka pa zikondwerero zonse za m’mudzi. M’chigawo chakumpoto cha Ladoga, nyimbo zovina zochititsa chidwi, zachisangalalo zinali zofala.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, mbiri ya ku Finnish gusli idakula. Ntchito zachikhalidwe zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukadaulo zikupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamakonsati, nyimbo za wolemba za chida ichi zimamveka. Solo sapezeka kawirikawiri. Nyimbo zophatikizana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Jazzmen, oimba nyimbo za rock nawonso sanalambalale zeze wa ku Finnish. Nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera. Phokoso la Inimitable limapereka mtundu wapadera, wotsogola kumtundu wonse wamawu. Mutha kumvanso kantele mu nyimbo zamakanema amakono. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zikondwerero zakonzedwa zomwe zimawulula kukongola kwa chida chodabwitsachi, kumveka kwake komanso chinsinsi.