Agrippina Vaganova: kuchokera "wofera chikhulupiriro cha ballet" kwa pulofesa woyamba wa choreography

Moyo wake wonse ankaonedwa ngati wovina wosavuta, akulandira mutu wa ballerina mwezi umodzi asanapume pantchito. Komanso, dzina lake ndi ofanana ndi akazi aakulu monga Matilda Kshesinskaya, Anna Pavlova, Olga Spesivtseva. Komanso, iye anali pulofesa woyamba wa kuvina tingachipeze powerenga mu Russia, anaphunzitsa mlalang'amba wa ovina anzeru kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 6. Academy of Russian Ballet ku St. Petersburg imatchedwa dzina lake; buku lake "Fundamentals of Classical Dance" lasindikizidwanso ka XNUMX. Mawu akuti "sukulu ya kuvina ku Russia" kwa dziko la ballet amatanthauza "Sukulu ya Vaganova," zomwe zimadabwitsa kwambiri kuti mtsikanayo Grusha nthawi ina ankaonedwa kuti ndi wopusa.

Wophunzira wachichepereyo sanali wokongola; nkhope yake inali ndi mawonekedwe okhwima a munthu yemwe ali ndi moyo wovuta, mapazi akuluakulu, manja onyansa - chirichonse chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zinali zofunika pamene adaloledwa ku sukulu ya ballet. Mozizwitsa, Grusha Vaganova, amene anabweretsedwa mayeso ndi bambo ake, wopuma sanali ntchito, ndipo tsopano kondakitala pa Mariinsky Theatre, analandiridwa monga wophunzira. Zimenezi zinapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa ena onse a m’banjamo, amene anaphatikizapo ana ena aŵiri, chifukwa tsopano anali kuthandizidwa ndi ndalama za boma. Koma posakhalitsa atatewo anamwalira, ndipo umphaŵi unagweranso m’banjamo. Vaganova anachita manyazi kwambiri ndi umphawi wake; analibe ndalama ngakhale zogulira zofunika kwambiri.

Pa nthawi yake yoyamba pa siteji yachifumu, Pear ... anagwa pansi pa masitepe. Anali wofulumira kwambiri kuti apite pa siteji kwa nthawi yoyamba moti anazemba ndipo, akugunda kumbuyo kwa mutu wake pamasitepe, adagubuduza pansi pa masitepe. Ngakhale kuti m'maso mwake munayamba kuwoneka, adalumpha ndikuthamangira ku sewerolo.

Atalowa nawo gulu la kuvina, ankalandira malipiro okwana ma ruble 600 pachaka, zomwe zinali zochepa kuti athe kupeza zofunika pamoyo. Koma ntchitoyo inali yovuta kwambiri - Peyala adachita nawo pafupifupi ma ballet onse ndi ma opera okhala ndi zovina.

Chilakolako chake cha kuvina, kufuna kudziwa m'makalasi, ndi kugwira ntchito molimbika zinali zopanda malire, koma sizinathandize m'njira iliyonse kuti atuluke mu corps de ballet. Mwina iye ndi butterfly wa 26, ndiye wansembe wamkazi wa 16, kenako Nereid wa 32. Ngakhale otsutsa, omwe adawona mwa iye kupanga kwa woimba payekha wodabwitsa, adasokonezeka.

Vaganova sanamvetsenso izi: chifukwa chiyani anthu ena amapeza maudindo mosavuta, koma amatero pambuyo pa zopempha zochititsa manyazi. Ngakhale adavina bwino mwamaphunziro, nsapato zake za pointe zidamukweza mosavuta mu pirouette, koma wojambula wamkulu Marius Petipa sanamukonde. Pamwamba pa izo, Grusha sanalangidwe kwambiri, zomwe zinamupangitsa iye kukhala woyambitsa kawirikawiri malipoti a chilango.

Patapita nthawi, Vaganova akadali anapatsidwa mbali payekha. Zosiyanasiyana zake zakale zinali za virtuosic, zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino, adawonetsa zozizwitsa zakudumphira ndi kukhazikika pa nsapato za pointe, zomwe adamutcha kuti "mfumukazi yamitundumitundu."

Ngakhale kuti anali wonyansa, analibe mapeto a osirira. Wolimba mtima, wolimba mtima, wosakhazikika, adalumikizana mosavuta ndi anthu ndikubweretsa chisangalalo chomasuka ku kampani iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri ankaitanidwa ku malo odyera ndi ma gypsies, kuti ayende kuzungulira St. Petersburg usiku, ndipo iye mwiniyo ankakonda udindo wa mlendo wochereza alendo.

Kwa khamu lonse admirers Vaganova anasankha Andrei Aleksandrovich Pomerantsev, membala wa bungwe la Yekaterinoslav Construction Society ndi anapuma Lieutenant colonel wa utumiki njanji. Anali wotsutsana naye kwathunthu - wodekha, wodekha, wodekha, komanso wamkulu kuposa iye. Ngakhale kuti sanali okwatirana mwalamulo, Pomerantsev anazindikira mwana wawo wobadwa mwa kupereka dzina lake lomaliza. Moyo wawo wabanja udayezedwa komanso wokondwa: tebulo lokongola lidayikidwa pa Isitala, ndipo mtengo wa Khrisimasi udakongoletsedwa pa Khrisimasi. Panali pafupi ndi mtengo wa Khirisimasi womwe unayikidwa pa Chaka Chatsopano cha 1918 kuti Pomerantsev adziwombera yekha ... Chifukwa cha izi chikanakhala Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse ndi zosintha zomwe zinatsatira, zomwe sakanatha kuzizoloŵera ndi kupulumuka.

Vaganova anabweretsedwa pantchito yopuma pantchito pa tsiku lake lobadwa la 36, ​​ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amaloledwa kuvina m'masewero omwe amasonyeza mphamvu zake zonse ndi nzeru zake.

Pambuyo kusintha, iye anaitanidwa kukaphunzitsa pa School of Choreography Masters, kumene anasamukira ku Leningrad Choreographic School, amene anakhala ntchito ya moyo wake. Zinapezeka kuti mayitanidwe ake enieni sanali kudzivina yekha, koma kuphunzitsa ena. Mkazi wosalimba mu siketi yakuda yothina, bulawuti yoyera-chipale chofewa komanso ndi chitsulo adzakweza ophunzira ake kukhala umunthu ndi ojambula. Adapanga kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa chisomo cha ku France, mphamvu yaku Italy ndi mzimu waku Russia. Njira zake "Vaganova" zidapereka ma ballerinas apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: Marina Semenova, Natalya Dudinskaya, Galina Ulanova, Alla Osipenko, Irina Kolpakova.

Vaganova anajambula osati oimba okha; Corps de ballet ya Leningrad Academic Opera ndi Ballet Theatre yotchedwa Kirov, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, idadzazidwa ndi omaliza maphunziro ake.

Zaka kapena matenda sanakhudze Agrippina Vaganova. Ndi mbali iliyonse ya iye ankafuna kugwira ntchito, kulenga, kuphunzitsa, kudzipereka yekha ku ntchito yomwe ankakonda popanda kusungirako.

Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 72, koma akupitirizabe kukhalabe ndi moyo wosatha wa ballet wokondedwa wake.