Alexander Aleksandrovich Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |

Alexander Alyabyev

… Chirichonse mbadwa ndi pafupi mtima. Mtima umakhala wamoyo Chabwino, imbani motsatira, chabwino, yambani: Nightingale yanga, nightingale yanga! V. Domontovych

Talente iyi inali yofunitsitsa kudziwa zauzimu komanso kutsata zosowa za mitima ya anthu ambiri yomwe imagwirizana ndi nyimbo za Alyabyev ... zofuna za mitima ya anthu a m'nthawi yake ... B. Asafiev

Pali olemba nyimbo omwe amapeza kutchuka komanso moyo wosafa chifukwa cha ntchito imodzi. Amenewa ndi A. Alyabyev - mlembi wa chikondi chodziwika bwino "The Nightingale" ku mavesi a A. Delvig. Chikondi ichi chimayimbidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndakatulo ndi nkhani zimaperekedwa kwa izo, zimakhalapo muzosinthidwa zamakonsati ndi M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, ndipo chiwerengero cha zolemba zake zopanda dzina zilibe malire. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa Nightingale, Alyabyev anasiya cholowa chachikulu: 6 operas, ballet, vaudeville, nyimbo zisudzo, symphony, overtures, nyimbo za mkuwa gulu, kwaya ambiri, chipinda zida zida, kuposa 180 zachikondi, makonzedwe a. nyimbo za anthu. Zambiri mwa nyimbozi zidachitika panthawi ya moyo wa woimbayo, zidapambana, ngakhale zochepa zidasindikizidwa - zachikondi, zidutswa zingapo za piano, melodrama "Mkaidi wa Caucasus" ndi A. Pushkin.

Tsogolo la Alyabyev ndi lodabwitsa. Kwa zaka zambiri iye anadulidwa moyo nyimbo za likulu mizinda, anakhala ndi kufa pansi pa goli la manda, mlandu wosalungama wakupha, amene anathyola moyo wake pa khomo la kubadwa kwake makumi anayi, kugawa mbiri yake mu nthawi ziwiri zosiyana. . Woyamba adayenda bwino. Zaka za ubwana zinathera ku Tobolsk, yemwe bwanamkubwa wake anali atate wa Alyabyev, munthu wowunikira, wowolowa manja, wokonda kwambiri nyimbo. Mu 1796, banjali linasamukira ku St. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, maphunziro akuluakulu a nyimbo anayamba ndi I. Miller, "wosewera wotchuka wa counterpoint" (M. Glinka), yemwe oimba ambiri a ku Russia ndi akunja adaphunzira kupanga. Kuyambira 14, Alyabyev amakhala ku Moscow, ndipo kuno m'ma 1804. nyimbo zake zoyamba zidasindikizidwa - zachikondi, zidutswa za piyano, First String Quartet inalembedwa (yoyamba kusindikizidwa mu 1810). Nyimbozi mwina ndi zitsanzo zakale kwambiri za nyimbo zaku Russia zoimbira ndi mawu. Mu moyo wachikondi wa wolemba nyimbo wachinyamatayo, ndakatulo yamaganizo ya V. Zhukovsky inapeza yankho lapadera ndiye, kenako ndikupereka ndakatulo za Pushkin, Delvig, olemba ndakatulo a Decembrist, ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo wake - N. Ogarev.

Nkhondo Yokonda Dziko Lako ya 1812 idasiya zokonda zanyimbo kumbuyo. Alyabyev anadzipereka kwa asilikali, anamenyana ndi lodziwika bwino Denis Davydov, anavulazidwa, kupereka malamulo awiri ndi mendulo. Chiyembekezo cha ntchito ya usilikali yanzeru chinamutsegukira, koma, osachifuna, Alyabyev anapuma pantchito mu 1823. Atakhala mosinthana mu Moscow ndi St. M'nyumba ya wolemba sewero A. Shakhovsky, anakumana ndi N. Vsevolozhsky, woyambitsa bungwe la zolembalemba za Green Lamp; ndi I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. Ku Moscow, madzulo ndi A. Griboyedov, ankaimba nyimbo ndi A. Verstovsky, abale a Vielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Alyabyev nawo zoimbaimba monga woimba piyano ndi woimba (tena wokongola), analemba kwambiri ndi kupeza ulamuliro kwambiri pakati oimba ndi okonda nyimbo. Mu 20s. vaudevilles lolembedwa ndi M. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev ndi nyimbo za Alyabyev anawonekera pa siteji ya Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, ndipo mu 1823 ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, opera yake yoyamba, Moonlit Night, kapena Brownies, adachita bwino kwambiri (libre. P. Mukhanov ndi P. Arapova). ... Alyabyev a zisudzo si zoipa kuposa French zisudzo zisudzo, - Odoevsky analemba mu imodzi mwa nkhani zake.

Pa February 24, 1825, tsoka linachitika: pamasewera a makadi m'nyumba ya Alyabyev, panali mkangano waukulu, mmodzi wa ochita nawo posakhalitsa anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Mwa njira yachilendo, Alyabyev anaimbidwa mlandu wa imfa imeneyi ndipo, pambuyo pa mlandu wa zaka zitatu, anathamangitsidwa ku Siberia. Kuyendayenda kwa nthawi yayitali kunayamba: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna ...

…Chifuniro chanu chachotsedwa, Khola lakhoma kwambiri O, pepani, ng’ombe yathu yausiku, Njoka yausiku… Delvig analemba.

“… musakhale monga mufuna, koma monga Mulungu akulamulira; palibe amene adakumanapo ndi zambiri ngati ine, wochimwa ... ”Ndi mlongo Ekaterina yekha, yemwe adatsata mchimwene wake modzipereka kupita ku ukapolo, ndipo nyimbo zomwe amakonda kwambiri zidapulumutsidwa ku kutaya mtima. Mu ukapolo, Alyabyev anakonza kwaya ndi kuchita zoimbaimba. Kusuntha kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina, analemba nyimbo za anthu a ku Russia - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, adagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zawo ndi mawu awo muzokonda zawo. Pamodzi ndi wolemba mbiri wa Chiyukireniya ndi folklorist M. Maksimovich Alyabiev adalemba mndandanda wa "Voices of Ukrainian Songs" (1834) ndipo adalemba nthawi zonse. Analemba nyimbo ngakhale m'ndende: pamene akufufuzidwa, adapanga imodzi mwa ma quartets ake abwino kwambiri - Chachitatu, ndi zosiyana pa mutu wa Nightingale mu gawo lodekha, komanso Magic Drum ballet, yomwe sinasiye magawo a zisudzo zaku Russia. kwa zaka zambiri.

Kwa zaka zambiri, maonekedwe a autobiographical anawonekera bwino kwambiri mu ntchito ya Alyabyev. Zolinga za kuzunzika ndi chifundo, kusungulumwa, kulakalaka kwawo, chikhumbo chaufulu - izi ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi za nthawi ya ukapolo (zokonda "Irtysh" pa St. I. Vetter - 1828, "Evening Bells", pa st. I. Kozlov (kuchokera ku T. Mura) - 1828, "Winter road" pa siteshoni ya Pushkin - 1831). Kusokonezeka maganizo kwamphamvu kunayambitsidwa ndi msonkhano wangozi ndi wokondedwa wakale E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Chithunzi chake chidalimbikitsa wolembayo kuti apange imodzi mwazokonda zanyimbo zabwino kwambiri "Ndinakukondani" pa St. Pushkin. Mu 1840, pokhala mkazi wamasiye, Ofrosimova anakhala mkazi wa Alyabyev. Mu 40s. Alyabyev anakhala pafupi ndi N. Ogarev. M'zokondana zomwe zidapangidwa mu ndakatulo zake - "The Tavern", "The Hut", "The Village Watchman" - mutu wa kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu poyamba unamveka, kuyembekezera kufufuza kwa A. Dargomyzhsky ndi M. Mussorgsky. Mikhalidwe yopanduka imakhalanso ndi ziwembu za masewero atatu omaliza a Alyabyev: "The Tempest" ndi W. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" ndi A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin ndi Oscar" ndi nthano zakale za Celtic. Kotero, ngakhale, malinga ndi I. Aksakov, "chilimwe, matenda ndi tsoka zinamukhazika mtima pansi," mzimu wopanduka wa nthawi ya Decembrist sunazimiririke mu ntchito za wolembayo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

O. Averyanova