Fikret Amirov |

Fikret Amirov

Ndinaona kasupe. Waukhondo ndi watsopano, akung'ung'udza mokweza, adathamanga m'minda ya kwawo. Nyimbo za Amirov zimapuma mwatsopano komanso chiyero. Ndinawona mtengo wandege. Mizu yake ikukula pansi pa nthaka, anakwera kumwamba ndi korona wake. Mofanana ndi mtengo wa ndegewu ndi luso la Fikret Amirov, lomwe lakwera ndendende chifukwa chakuti lazika mizu m'nthaka yake. Nabi Hazri

Nyimbo za F. Amirov zimakhala zokopa komanso zokongola. Cholowa cha wolembayo ndi chochuluka komanso chochuluka, chogwirizana ndi nyimbo zachi Azerbaijani ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za chinenero cha nyimbo cha Amirov ndi melodism: "Fikret Amirov ali ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali," analemba D. Shostakovich. "Melody ndiye moyo wa ntchito yake."

Chigawo cha nyimbo zowerengeka chinazungulira Amirov kuyambira ali mwana. Iye anabadwira m'banja la tarksta wotchuka ndi peztsakhanende (woimba mugham) Mashadi Jamil Amirov. Amirov anati: “Shusha, kumene bambo anga anachokera, amaonedwa kuti ndi malo osungira zinthu ku Transcaucasia. … Ngakhale ndili mwana, ndinkafunitsitsa kutengera kaseweredwe kake ka phula. Nthawi zina ndinkachita bwino ndipo ndinkasangalala kwambiri. Udindo waukulu pakupanga umunthu wa wolemba nyimbo wa Amirov unaseweredwa ndi zowunikira za nyimbo za Azerbaijani - wolemba U. Gadzhibekov ndi woimba Bul-Bul. Mu 1949, Amirov anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira nyimbo m’kalasi la B. Zeidman. Pazaka zophunzira ku Conservatory, wopeka wachinyamatayo adagwira ntchito mkalasi yanyimbo zowerengeka (NIKMUZ), akumvetsetsa nthano komanso luso la mugham. Panthawiyi, kudzipereka kwamphamvu kwa woimbayo ku mfundo za kulenga za U. Gadzhibekov, yemwe anayambitsa nyimbo za Azerbaijani komanso, makamaka opera ya dziko, ikupangidwa. "Ndimatchedwa m'modzi mwa omwe adalowa m'malo mwa Uzeyir Gadzhibekov, ndipo ndimanyadira izi," adalemba Amirov. Mawu awa anatsimikiziridwa ndi ndakatulo "Kudzipatulira kwa Uzeyir Gadzhibekov" (kuphatikiza violin ndi ma cello ndi piyano, 1949). Mothandizidwa ndi operettas a Gadzhibekov (omwe Arshin Mal Alan amadziwika kwambiri), Amirov anali ndi lingaliro lolemba nyimbo yake yanthabwala ya Akuba a Mitima (yolembedwa mu 1943). Ntchitoyi idachitika motsogozedwa ndi U. Gadzhibekov. Anathandizanso kupanga ntchito imeneyi mu State Theatre of Musical Comedy, yomwe inatsegulidwa m'zaka zovuta za nkhondo. Posakhalitsa Amirov akulemba sewero lachiwiri la nyimbo - Good News (yolembedwa mu 1946). Panthawi imeneyi, opera "Uldiz" ("Star", 1948), symphonic ndakatulo "Mu kukumbukira ngwazi za Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo" (1943), awiri Concerto kwa violin ndi limba ndi oimba (1946) . Mu 1947, wolemba nyimboyo adalemba nyimbo ya Nizami, symphony yoyamba ya orchestra ya zingwe mu nyimbo za Azerbaijani. Ndipo potsiriza, mu 1948, Amirov analenga symphonic mughams wake wotchuka "Shur" ndi "Kurd-ovshary", kuimira mtundu watsopano, akamanena za kaphatikizidwe wa miyambo ya Azerbaijani oimba-khanende ndi mfundo za European symphonic nyimbo. .

"Kupangidwa kwa ma symphonic mughams" Shur "ndi" Kurd-ovshary "ndi ntchito ya Bul-Bul," adatero Amirov, Bul-Bul anali "wachinsinsi wapamtima, mlangizi ndi wothandizira ntchito zomwe ndalemba mpaka pano." Zolemba zonsezi zimapanga diptych, kukhala wodziyimira pawokha komanso nthawi imodzi yolumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndi ubale wamtundu ndi mawu, kukhalapo kwa kulumikizana kwanyimbo ndi leitmotif imodzi. Udindo waukulu mu diptych ndi mugham Shur. ntchito zonse anakhala chochitika chapadera mu moyo nyimbo Azerbaijan. Iwo anadziŵikadi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo anayala maziko a nyimbo zoimbidwa bwino mu Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan.

Amirov adadziwonetsa yekha kuti ndi wojambula mu opera Sevil (post. 1953), yolembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sewero la dzina lomwelo ndi J. Jabarly, dziko loyamba la lyric-psychological opera. “Sewero la J. Jabarly ndimalidziŵa kusukulu,” analemba motero Amirov. "Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, m'bwalo la sewero la mzinda wa Ganj, ndinayenera kusewera mwana wa Sevil, Gunduz wamng'ono. ... Ndinayesa kusunga mu opera yanga lingaliro lalikulu la sewero - lingaliro la kulimbana kwa mkazi wa Kummawa chifukwa cha ufulu wake waumunthu, njira zolimbana ndi chikhalidwe chatsopano cha proletarian ndi bourgeois bourgeoisie. Pogwira ntchito yojambula, lingaliro la kufanana pakati pa anthu otchuka a sewero la J. Jabarly ndi Tchaikovsky's operas silinandisiye. Sevil ndi Tatiana, Balash ndi Herman anali pafupi m'nyumba yawo yosungiramo zinthu zamkati. Wolemba ndakatulo wa dziko la Azerbaijan Samad Vurgun analandira mwachikondi maonekedwe a opera: "..." Seville "ali ndi nyimbo zochititsa chidwi zochokera ku chuma chosatha cha luso la mugham ndipo mwaluso anajambula mu opera."

Malo ofunikira pantchito ya Amirov mu 50-60s. wotanganidwa ndi ntchito za symphony orchestra: gulu lowoneka bwino la "Azerbaijan" (1950), "Azerbaijan Capriccio" (1961), "Symphonic Dances" (1963), lodzaza ndi nyimbo za dziko. Mzere wa symphonic mughams "Shur" ndi "Kurd-ovshary" pambuyo pa zaka 20 ukupitirizidwa ndi mugham wachitatu wa symphonic wa Amirov - "Gulustan Bayaty-shiraz" (1968), wouziridwa ndi ndakatulo za olemba ndakatulo awiri akuluakulu a Kummawa - Hafiz ndi Kumbuyo. . Mu 1964, woimbayo anapanga kope lachiwiri la symphony ya zingwe oimba "Nizami". (Ndakatulo ya wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa ku Azerbaijani ndi woganiza pambuyo pake adamulimbikitsa kuti apange ballet "Nizami".) Pa nthawi ya 600th ya zaka XNUMX za wolemba ndakatulo wina wotchuka wa ku Azerbaijan, Nasimi, Amirov akulemba ndakatulo ya choreographic kwa oimba a symphony, kwaya ya akazi, tenor, reciters ndi gulu la ballet "The Legend of Nasimi", ndipo kenako amapanga mtundu wanyimbo wa ballet iyi.

Chiwopsezo chatsopano cha ntchito ya Amirov chinali ballet "A Thousand and One Nights" (post. 1979) - choreographic choreographic extravaganza, ngati kuwonetsa matsenga a nthano zachiarabu. "Poitanidwa ndi Unduna wa Chikhalidwe cha Iraq, ndinayendera dziko lino ndi N. Nazarova" (choreographer-director wa ballet. - NA). Ndinayesa kulowa mozama mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za anthu achiarabu, pulasitiki yake, kukongola kwa miyambo ya nyimbo, kuphunzira zipilala za mbiri yakale ndi zomangamanga. Ndinayang'anizana ndi ntchito yophatikiza dziko lonse lapansi ndi chilengedwe ... "analemba Amirov. Kupambana kwa ballet kumakhala kowala, kutengera kusewera kwa timbres kutsanzira kulira kwa zida zamtundu wa anthu. Ng’oma zimagwira ntchito yofunikira mmenemo, zimanyamula katundu wofunika wa semantic. Amirov amayambitsa mtundu wina wa timbre muzolemba - mawu (soprano) akuimba mutu wa chikondi ndikukhala chizindikiro cha mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino.

Amirov, pamodzi ndi kupeka, adagwira nawo ntchito zoimba ndi zamagulu. Iye anali mlembi wa matabwa a Union of Composers of the USSR ndi Union of Composers of Azerbaijan, luso mkulu wa Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society (1947), mkulu wa Azerbaijan Academic Opera ndi Ballet Theatre dzina lake. MF Akhundova (1956-59). "Nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikulota ndikulotabe kuti nyimbo za Azerbaijani zidzamveka padziko lonse lapansi ... Pambuyo pake, anthu amadziweruza okha ndi nyimbo za anthu! Ndipo ngati pang'ono ndakwanitsa kukwaniritsa maloto anga, loto la moyo wanga wonse, ndiye kuti ndine wokondwa, "Fikret Amirov adafotokoza za kulenga kwake.

N. Aleksenko