Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |

Lorin Maazel

Kuyambira ali mwana, ankakhala ku Pittsburgh (USA). Ntchito yojambula ya Lorin Maazel ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ali kale wotsogolera wotchuka padziko lonse wokhala ndi repertoire yopanda malire, pa makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndiye mtsogoleri wa oimba ndi zisudzo zabwino kwambiri za ku Ulaya, wofunikira kwambiri pa zikondwerero zazikulu zomwe zayenda padziko lonse lapansi! Sizingatheke kutchula chitsanzo china cha kunyamuka koyambirira koteroko - pambuyo pake, n'zosatsutsika kuti woyendetsa, monga lamulo, amapangidwa kale pa msinkhu wokhwima. Kodi chinsinsi cha kupambana kotereku kwa woimba uyu chili kuti? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, choyamba titembenukira ku mbiri yake.

Maazel anabadwira ku France; Magazi achi Dutch amayenda m'mitsempha yake, ndipo ngakhale, monga momwe wotsogolera mwiniwake amanenera, magazi a Indian ... Mwina sizingakhale zoona kunena kuti nyimbo zimayendanso m'mitsempha yake - mulimonse, kuyambira ali mwana luso lake linali lodabwitsa.

Banjali litasamukira ku New York, Maazel, ali mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi, adatsogolera - mwaukadaulo - nyimbo yotchuka ya New York Philharmonic Orchestra pa Chiwonetsero Chapadziko Lonse! Koma sanaganize zokhalabe mwana wosaphunzira. Kuphunzira kwambiri violin posakhalitsa anamupatsa mwayi woimba nyimbo ndipo ngakhale, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, anapeza quartet yake. Kupanga nyimbo kuchipinda kumapanga kukoma kofewa, kumakulitsa malingaliro amunthu; koma Maazel sakopekanso ndi ntchito ya virtuoso. Anakhala woyimba zeze ndi gulu la Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra ndipo, mu 1949, wotsogolera wake.

Kotero, pofika zaka makumi awiri, Maazel anali kale ndi chidziwitso cha kuimba kwa orchestra, ndi chidziwitso cha mabuku, komanso nyimbo zake. Koma tisaiwale kuti panjira anakwanitsa maphunziro a masamu ndi filosofi ku yunivesite! Mwinamwake izi zinakhudza chithunzi cha kulenga cha wotsogolera: chikhalidwe chake chamoto, chosatsutsika chikuphatikizidwa ndi nzeru za filosofi za kutanthauzira ndi mgwirizano wa masamu wa mfundo.

M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, zojambulajambula za Maazel zidayamba, zosasokonekera komanso zikuchulukirachulukira. Poyamba, iye anayenda lonse America, ndiye anayamba kubwera ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri, kuchita nawo zikondwerero zazikulu - Salzburg, Bayreuth ndi ena. Posakhalitsa, kudabwa ndi chitukuko choyambirira cha luso la woimba kunasanduka kuzindikira: iye nthawi zonse anaitanidwa kuti atsogolere oimba bwino ndi zisudzo ku Ulaya - Vienna Symphonies, La Scala, kumene zisudzo woyamba motsogozedwa ndi chigonjetso chenicheni.

Mu 1963, Maazel anabwera ku Moscow. Konsati yoyamba ya kondakitala wamng'ono, wodziwika pang'ono inachitika mu holo yopanda kanthu. Matikiti a makonsati anayi otsatirawa adagulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Luso lolimbikitsa la kondakitala, luso lake losowa losintha poyimba nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zakale, zowonetsedwa mwaluso monga Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, Mahler's Second Symphony, ndakatulo ya Scriabin ya Ecstasy, Romeo ya Prokofiev ndi Juliet, idakopa omvera. K. Kondrashin analemba kuti: "Mfundoyi si kukongola kwa kayendedwe ka woyendetsa, koma kuti womvera, chifukwa cha "magetsi" a Maazel, akumuyang'anitsitsa, akuphatikizidwanso mu ntchito yolenga, akulowa m'dziko. zithunzi za nyimbo zimene zikuimbidwa.” Otsutsa a ku Moscow adanena kuti "mgwirizano wathunthu wa wotsogolera ndi oimba," "kuzama kwa kumvetsetsa kwa wotsogolera za cholinga cha wolemba", "machulukidwe a ntchito yake ndi mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa malingaliro, symphony ya kuganiza". "Zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe onse a wotsogolera, akulodza ndi nyimbo zake zauzimu komanso luso lapadera," nyuzipepala ya Sovetskaya Kultura inalemba. "Ndizovuta kupeza china chilichonse chofotokozera bwino kuposa manja a Lorin Maazel: ichi ndi chithunzithunzi cholondola kwambiri cha mawu kapena nyimbo zomwe sizimvekabe". Maulendo otsatira a Maazel ku USSR adalimbitsanso kuzindikirika kwake m'dziko lathu.

Atangofika ku USSR, Maazel anatsogolera magulu akuluakulu oimba kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake - adakhala mtsogoleri wa luso la West Berlin City Opera ndi West Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. Komabe, kugwira ntchito molimbika sikumulepheretsa kupitiliza kuyendera malo ambiri, kutenga nawo mbali pamaphwando ambiri, ndikulemba zolemba. Kotero, m'zaka zaposachedwa adalemba nyimbo zonse za Tchaikovsky ndi Vienna Symphony Orchestra, ntchito zambiri za JS Bach (Misa mu B zazing'ono, ma concerto a Brandenburg, suites), ma symphonies a Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Sibelius. , Rimsky-Korsakov's Spanish Capriccio, Respighi's Pines of Rome, ambiri mwa ndakatulo za symphonic za R. Strauss, ntchito za Mussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev... Simungathe kuzilemba zonse. Osachita bwino, Maazel adagwiranso ntchito ngati wotsogolera ku nyumba ya opera - ku Rome adapanga opera ya Tchaikovsky Eugene Onegin, yomwe adachitanso.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969