Karlheinz Stockhausen |

Karlheinz Stockhausen

Wolemba wa ku Germany, woimba nyimbo ndi woganiza, mmodzi mwa oimira akuluakulu a pambuyo pa nkhondo ya nyimbo avant-garde. Anabadwa mu 1928 m'tauni ya Medrat pafupi ndi Cologne. Mu 1947-51 adaphunzira ku Cologne Higher School of Music. Anayamba kupeka mu 1950 ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pa Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (komwe pambuyo pake adaphunzitsa kwa zaka zambiri). Mu 1952-53 anaphunzira ku Paris ndi Messiaen ndipo ankagwira ntchito mu situdiyo "nyimbo za konkire" za Pierre Schaeffer. Mu 1953, adayamba kugwira ntchito ku West Germany Radio's Electronic Music Studio ku Cologne (kenako adayitsogolera kuyambira 1963-73). Mu 1954-59 iye anali mmodzi wa akonzi a nyimbo magazini "Row" (Die Reihe), odzipereka ku nkhani za nyimbo zamakono. Mu 1963 adayambitsa Cologne Courses for New Music ndipo mpaka 1968 adakhala mtsogoleri wawo waluso. Mu 1970-77 anali pulofesa wa nyimbo pa Cologne Higher School of Music.

Mu 1969 adayambitsa "Stockhausen Publishing House" (Stockhausen Verlag), komwe adasindikiza zolemba zake zonse zatsopano, komanso mabuku, zolemba, timabuku, timabuku ndi mapulogalamu. Pa Chionetsero Chapadziko Lonse cha Osaka cha 1970, kumene Stockhausen inkaimira West Germany, bwalo lapadera looneka ngati mpira linamangidwa kaamba ka projekiti yake ya Expo electro-acoustic. Kuyambira m'ma 1970, adakhala moyo wokhazikika wozunguliridwa ndi oimba komanso oimba nyimbo m'tawuni ya Kürten. Anaimba monga woimba nyimbo zake - onse ndi oimba a symphony komanso ndi gulu lake la "banja". Iye analemba ndi kufalitsa nkhani za nyimbo, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa mutu wakuti "Zolemba" (m'mabuku 10). Kuyambira 1998, International Courses in Composition and Interpretation of Stockhausen's Music akhala akuchitika chilimwe chilichonse ku Kürten. Wolemba nyimboyo anamwalira pa December 5, 2007 ku Kürten. Limodzi la mabwalo a mzindawo likutchedwa dzina lake.

Stockhausen adasinthana kangapo pantchito yake. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, adatembenukira ku serialism ndi pointllism. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950 - nyimbo zamagetsi ndi "malo". Chimodzi mwa zipambano zake zapamwamba kwambiri panthawiyi chinali "Magulu" (1957) kwa oimba atatu a symphony. Kenaka anayamba kupanga "mawonekedwe a mphindi" (Momentform) - mtundu wa "mawonekedwe otseguka" (omwe Boulez amatchedwa aleatoric). Ngati m'zaka za m'ma 1950 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ntchito ya Stockhausen inayamba mu mzimu wa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi zamakono za nthawi imeneyo, ndiye kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960 zakhala zikusintha mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro a esoteric. Wolembayo amadzipereka yekha ku nyimbo "zachilengedwe" komanso "zachilengedwe", komwe amayesetsa kuphatikiza mfundo za nyimbo ndi zauzimu. Nyimbo zake zowononga nthawi zimaphatikiza machitidwe ndi machitidwe, ndipo "Mantra" ya piano ziwiri (1970) idamangidwa pamfundo ya "chilinganizo chapadziko lonse".

Kuzungulira kwakukulu kwa opera "Kuwala. Masiku asanu ndi awiri a sabata "pa chiwembu chophiphiritsira-cosmogonic, chomwe wolemba adachipanga kuchokera ku 1977 mpaka 2003. Nthawi yonse ya maulendo asanu ndi awiri oimba (iliyonse ili ndi mayina a tsiku lililonse la sabata - kutilozera ku fano la masiku asanu ndi awiri a Creation) amatenga pafupifupi maola 30 ndipo amaposa Der Ring des Nibelungen ya Wagner. Ntchito yomaliza, yosamalizidwa ku Stockhausen inali "Sound. Maola 24 a tsiku "(2004-07) - nyimbo 24, iliyonse yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi mwa maola 24 a tsiku. Mtundu wina wofunikira wa Stockhausen unali nyimbo zake za piyano, zomwe adazitcha "zidutswa za piyano" (Klaviestücke). 19 ntchito pansi pa mutu uwu, analengedwa kuchokera 1952 mpaka 2003, kusonyeza nthawi zonse zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya wolemba.

Mu 1974, Stockhausen anakhala Mtsogoleri wa Order of Merit wa Federal Republic of Germany, ndiye Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1985), wopambana wa Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), dokotala wolemekezeka wa Free University of Berlin (1996), membala wa masukulu angapo akunja. Mu 1990, Stockhausen anabwera ku USSR ndi oimba ake ndi zida lamayimbidwe monga gawo la chikumbutso nyimbo chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 40 FRG.

Chitsime: meloman.ru