Chiwalo (gawo 2): kapangidwe ka chida

Poyambitsa nkhani yokhudza kapangidwe ka chiwalo cha chiwalo, munthu ayenera kuyamba ndi zodziwikiratu.

Wowongolera kutali

Organ console imatanthawuza zowongolera zomwe zimaphatikizapo makiyi ambiri, ma shifter ndi ma pedals.

Kotero kuti zida zamasewera zikuphatikizapo zolemba ndi zopondaponda.

К sitampu - kulembetsa zosintha. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, organ console imakhala ndi: masiwichi osinthika - mayendedwe, masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a phazi ndi makiyi a copula omwe amasamutsa zolembera za buku limodzi kupita ku lina.

Ziwalo zambiri zimakhala ndi ma copulas osinthira kaundula kupita ku buku lalikulu. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi ma levers apadera, woyimbayo amatha kusinthana pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku banki yophatikizira zolembera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutsogolo kwa kontrakitala kumayikidwa benchi, pomwe woimba amakhala, ndipo chosinthira chamagulu chili pafupi ndi icho.

Koma zinthu zoyamba poyamba:

• Kopula. Kachipangizo kamene kamatha kusamutsa kaundula kuchokera ku bukhu lina kupita ku buku lina, kapena kupita pa bolodi. Izi ndizofunikira mukafuna kusamutsa zolembera zamawu zamawu ofooka kupita ku zamphamvu, kapena kubweretsa zolembera zamawu ku bukhu lalikulu. Ma copulas amayatsidwa ndi ma phazi apadera okhala ndi zingwe kapena mothandizidwa ndi mabatani apadera.
• Channel. Ichi ndi chipangizo chimene mungathe kusintha voliyumu ya buku lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsekera zakhungu zimayendetsedwa mubokosi lomwe mapaipi a bukuli amadutsamo.
• Memory bank of registry kuphatikiza. Chipangizo choterocho chimapezeka m'zigawo zamagetsi zokha, ndiko kuti, mu ziwalo zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi. Apa wina angaganize kuti chiwalo chokhala ndi magetsi chimakhala chogwirizana ndi ma antediluvian synthesizer, koma chiwalo cha mphepo pachokha chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuti chizitha kuyang'anira koteroko.
• Zophatikiza zolembetsa zokonzeka. Mosiyana ndi kaundula kuphatikiza kukumbukira banki, amene momveka amafanana presets zamakono digito phokoso mapurosesa, okonzeka zopangidwa kaundula osakaniza ndi ziwalo ndi pneumatic kaundula tracture. Koma zenizeni ndizofanana: zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito makonda okonzeka.
• Thuti. Koma chipangizochi chimaphatikizapo zolemba ndi zolembera zonse. Nayi chosinthira.

Manual

Kiyibodi, mwa kuyankhula kwina. Koma chiwalocho chili ndi makiyi osewera ndi mapazi anu - ma pedals, kotero ndi zolondola kunena bukhuli.

Nthawi zambiri pa chiwalocho pamakhala mabuku awiri kapena anayi, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zokhala ndi buku limodzi, ndipo ngakhale zimphona zotere zomwe zimakhala ndi zowongolera zisanu ndi ziwiri. Dzina la bukhuli limadalira malo a mapaipi omwe amawongolera. Kuphatikiza apo, buku lililonse limapatsidwa ma regista ake.

В waukulu Bukuli nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zolembera zaphokoso kwambiri. Imatchedwanso Hauptwerk. Itha kupezeka pafupi kwambiri ndi woimbayo komanso pamzere wachiwiri.

• Oberwerk - bata pang'ono. Mipope yake ili pansi pa mipope ya buku lalikulu.
• Rückpositiv ndi kiyibodi yapadera kwambiri. Amawongolera mapaipi omwe ali padera ndi ena onse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati limba akukhala moyang'anizana ndi chida, iwo adzakhala kumbuyo.
• Hinterwerk - Bukuli limayendetsa mapaipi omwe ali kumbuyo kwa chiwalo.
• Brustwerk. Koma mapaipi a bukhuli ali mwachindunji pamwamba pa kutonthoza palokha, kapena mbali zonse.
• solowerk. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mapaipi a bukhuli ali ndi zolembera zolembera payekha.

Kuonjezera apo, pangakhale mabuku ena, koma omwe atchulidwa pamwambawa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ziwalozo zinali ndi mtundu wa kulamulira kwa voliyumu - bokosi lomwe mapaipi okhala ndi zotsekera akhungu amadutsa. Buku lomwe linkayang'anira mapaipi amenewa linkatchedwa Schwellwerk ndipo linali lapamwamba kwambiri.

Mizere

Ziwalo poyamba zinalibe ma pedalboards. Izo zidawoneka cha m'ma XVI. Pali mtundu womwe udapangidwa ndi woimba wa Brabant dzina lake Louis van Walbeke.

Tsopano pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma pedal keyboards, kutengera kapangidwe ka chiwalocho. Pali ma pedals onse asanu ndi makumi atatu ndi awiri, pali ziwalo zopanda kiyibodi konse. Amatchedwa kunyamula.

Kawirikawiri ma pedals amawongolera mapaipi a bassiest, omwe ndodo yosiyana imalembedwa, pansi pa mapepala awiri, omwe amalembedwa kwa mabuku. Mitundu yawo ndi ma octave awiri kapena atatu otsika kuposa zolemba zonse, kotero chiwalo chachikulu chikhoza kukhala ndi ma octave asanu ndi anayi ndi theka.

Olembetsa

Zolembera ndi mndandanda wa mapaipi a timbre omwewo, omwe, kwenikweni, chida chosiyana. Kuti musinthe zolembera, zogwirira kapena zosinthira (za ziwalo zokhala ndi magetsi) zimaperekedwa, zomwe zili pa organ console kaya pamwamba pa bukhuli kapena pafupi, pambali.

Chofunikira cha kuwongolera kaundula ndi motere: ngati zolembetsa zonse zizimitsidwa, ndiye kuti chiwalo sichidzamveka pamene fungulo likukanizidwa.

Dzina la kaundula limagwirizana ndi dzina la chitoliro chake chachikulu, ndipo chogwirira chilichonse chimakhala cha kaundula wake.

Ndi mmene mlomondipo Reed olembetsa. Yoyamba ikukhudzana ndi kulamulira kwa mipope popanda mabango, izi ndi zolembera za zitoliro zotseguka, palinso zolembera za zitoliro zotsekedwa, akuluakulu, zolembera za overtones, zomwe, kwenikweni, zimapanga mtundu wa phokoso (potions ndi aliquots). M'mawuwo, noti iliyonse imakhala ndi ma overtones angapo ofooka.

Koma kaundula wa bango, monga momwe tingawonere m’dzina lawo lenileni, amawongolera mapaipi okhala ndi bango. Akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi phokoso ndi mapaipi a labial.

Kusankhidwa kwa kalembera kumaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito oimba, kumalembedwa pamwamba pa malo omwe izi kapena zolembera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yovuta chifukwa chakuti nthawi zosiyanasiyana komanso ngakhale m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zolembera za ziwalo zimasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kulembetsa gawo la chiwalo sikudziwika mwatsatanetsatane. Kawirikawiri buku lokhalo, kukula kwa mapaipi ndi kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa mabango kumasonyezedwa molondola. Ma nuances ena onse amawu amaperekedwa pakuganiziridwa kwa woimbayo.

mipope

Monga momwe mungayembekezere, kumveka kwa mapaipi kumadalira kwambiri kukula kwake. Komanso, mapaipi okhawo omwe amamveka ndendende monga momwe zalembedwera mumtengowo ndi mapaipi a mapazi asanu ndi atatu. Malipenga ang’onoang’ono amamveka mokwera motsatira mfundo imeneyi, ndipo ang’onoang’ono amalira motsika kuposa zimene zalembedwa pamtengowo.

Mapaipi akuluakulu, omwe sapezeka mwa onse, koma mu ziwalo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi 64 mapazi mu kukula. Amamveka ma octave atatu otsika kuposa zomwe zalembedwa mumagulu oimba. Chifukwa chake, woyimbayo akamagwiritsa ntchito ma pedals akusewera mu registry iyi, infrasound imatulutsidwa kale.

Kukhazikitsa ma labial ang'onoang'ono (ndiko kuti, omwe alibe lilime), gwiritsani ntchito nyanga ya stimhorn. Ichi ndi ndodo, kumapeto kwake komwe kuli kondomu, ndipo kwina - kapu, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe belu la mapaipi a chiwalo limakulitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa, potero kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa phula.

Koma kuti asinthe kamvekedwe ka mipope ikuluikulu, kaŵirikaŵiri amadula zitsulo zina zopindika ngati mabango ndipo motero amasintha kamvekedwe ka chiwalocho.

Komanso, ena mapaipi akhoza mwangwiro kukongoletsa. Pankhaniyi, iwo amatchedwa "akhungu". Sizimveka, koma zimakhala ndi phindu lokhalokha.

Traktura mphepo chiwalo

Piyano ilinso ndi tractura. Kumeneko, ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu ya mphamvu ya zala kuchokera pamwamba pa fungulo mwachindunji ku chingwe. Mu chiwalo, tractura imagwira ntchito yofanana ndipo ndiyo njira yaikulu yoyendetsera chiwalocho.

Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti chiwalocho chimakhala ndi chojambula chomwe chimayang'anira ma valve a mapaipi (amatchedwanso kusewera masewera), imakhalanso ndi zojambula zolembera, zomwe zimakulolani kuti mutsegule ndi kuzimitsa zolembera zonse.

Potion ndi gulu la zolembera zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Masewero a masewerawa sagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi zojambula zolembera, kunena kuti, ndithudi.

Ndili ndi kalembedwe ka rejista komwe kukumbukira kwa chiwalo kumagwira ntchito, pamene magulu onse a zolembera amazimitsa kapena kuzimitsa. Mwanjira zina, zimafanana ndi ma synthesizer amakono. Izi zitha kukhala zonse zophatikizika zolembetsa, komanso zaulere, ndiye kuti, zosankhidwa ndi woyimba mwadongosolo.