Alexey Arkadyevich Nasedkin (Aleksey Nasedkin) |

Alexey Nasedkin

Kupambana kunabwera kwa Alexei Arkadyevich Nasedkin koyambirira ndipo, zikuwoneka, kukhoza kutembenuza mutu wake ... oimba ena otchuka. Mu 1958, ali ndi zaka 15, Nasedkin adalemekezedwa kuti alankhule pa World Exhibition ku Brussels. Iye anati: “Inali konsati imene inachitikira m’nthawi ya chikhalidwe cha Soviet Union. - Ndidasewera, ndikukumbukira, Concerto Yachitatu ya Piano ya Balanchivadze; Ndinatsagana ndi Nikolai Pavlovich Anosov. Panthawiyo, ku Brussels, ndinapanga kuwonekera kwanga pa siteji yaikulu. Adandiuza kuti zinali zabwino. ”…

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Chaka chotsatira, mnyamatayo anapita ku Vienna, ku Phwando la Achinyamata Padziko Lonse, ndipo anabweretsanso mendulo ya golidi. Nthawi zambiri anali "mwayi" kuchita nawo mpikisano. "Ndinali ndi mwayi, chifukwa ndidakonzekera molimbika kwa aliyense wa iwo, ndikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso movutikira pa chidacho, izi zidandipangitsa kupita patsogolo. Mwanzeru, ndikuganiza kuti mpikisano sunandipatse zambiri ... "Mwanjira ina, pokhala wophunzira ku Moscow Conservatory (anaphunzira koyamba ndi GG Neuhaus, ndipo atamwalira ndi LN Naumov), Nasedkin anayesa maphunziro ake. dzanja, ndi bwino kwambiri, mu mpikisano angapo. Mu 1962 adakhala wopambana pa mpikisano wa Tchaikovsky. Mu 1966 analowa atatu pamwamba pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse ku Leeds (Great Britain). Chaka cha 1967 chinakhala “chaphindu” makamaka kaamba ka mphotho kwa iye. “Kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ndinachita nawo mipikisano itatu nthawi imodzi. Yoyamba inali Mpikisano wa Schubert ku Vienna. Kumutsatira pamalo omwewo, likulu la Austria, ndi mpikisano woimba bwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Potsirizira pake, mpikisano wa chipinda chophatikizana ku Munich, kumene ndinasewera ndi woimba nyimbo Natalia Gutman. Ndipo kulikonse Nasedkin anatenga malo oyamba. Kutchuka sikunamupweteke, monga momwe zimachitikira nthawi zina. Mphotho ndi mamendulo, kuchuluka kwake, sizinamuchititse khungu ndi kuwala kwawo, sizinamugwetse panjira yake yolenga.

Mphunzitsi wa Nasedkin, GG Neuhaus, nthawi ina adanenapo za khalidwe limodzi la wophunzira wake - luntha lotukuka kwambiri. Kapena, monga momwe ananenera, “mphamvu yomanga ya maganizo.” Zingawoneke zachilendo, koma izi ndi zomwe zinachititsa chidwi Neuhaus wachikondi wouziridwa: mu 1962, panthawi yomwe kalasi yake inkaimira gulu la nyenyezi la matalente, adawona kuti n'zotheka kutcha Nasedkin "ophunzira ake abwino kwambiri" (Neigauz GG Reflections, kukumbukira, zolemba. S. 76.). Zowonadi, kuyambira paunyamata wake pakuyimba kwa woyimba piyano munthu amatha kumva kukhwima, kuzama, kulingalira mozama, zomwe zidamupatsa kukoma kwapadera pakupanga kwake nyimbo. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti pakati pazipambano zapamwamba za Nasedkin womasulira nthawi zambiri ndi zigawo zodekha za sonatas za Schubert - mu C zazing'ono (op. Posthumous), mu D yaikulu (Op. 53) ndi ena. Apa malingaliro ake pakusinkhasinkha mozama za kulenga, ku masewera a "concentrando", "pensieroso" akuwululidwa kwathunthu. Wojambulayo amafika pamtunda waukulu mu ntchito za Brahms - m'ma concerto onse a piyano, mu Rhapsody mu E lathyathyathya yaikulu (Op. 119), mu A wamng'ono kapena E lathyathyathya zazing'ono intermezzo (Op. 118). Nthawi zambiri anali ndi mwayi mu sonatas Beethoven (Chachisanu, Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi ena), mu nyimbo zamitundu ina. Monga momwe zimadziwikiratu, otsutsa nyimbo amakonda kutchula oimba piyano pambuyo pa ngwazi zodziwika bwino za Schumann's Davidsbund - Florestan wina wopupuluma, Euzebius wina wolota. Sikuti nthawi zambiri amakumbukiridwa kuti mu gulu la Davidsbündlers panali khalidwe monga Master Raro - wodekha, wololera, wodziwa zonse, woganiza bwino. M'matanthauzidwe ena a Nasedkin, chisindikizo cha Master Raro nthawi zina chimawoneka bwino ...

Monga m'moyo, momwemonso muzojambula, zophophonya za anthu nthawi zina zimakula chifukwa cha zabwino zawo. Mozama, mwanzeru panthawi yake yabwino, Nasedkin nthawi ina angawoneke ngati woganiza mopambanitsa: kuchenjera nthawi zina zimayamba kukhala kulingalira, masewerawa akuyamba alibe impulsiveness, khalidwe, siteji sociability, chidwi chamkati. Njira yosavuta, ndithudi, ingakhale kufotokozera zonsezi kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha wojambula, makhalidwe ake payekha - izi ndi zomwe otsutsa ena amachita. Ndizowona kuti Nasedkin, monga akunena, alibe moyo wake wotseguka. Pali, komabe, chinthu china, chomwe sichinganyalanyazidwenso pokhudzana ndi kuwonetseredwa kwakukulu kwa chiŵerengero mu luso lake. Izi ndi - musawoneke ngati zosokoneza - chisangalalo cha pop. Zingakhale zopanda nzeru kuganiza kuti ambuye a Raro sakonda kwambiri kuyimba nyimbo kuposa a Florestans ndi Eusebios. Izo zimangofotokozedwa mosiyana. Kwa ena, amanjenje ndi okwezeka, chifukwa cha zolephera zamasewera, zolakwika zaukadaulo, kuthamangitsa mwachangu, kulephera kukumbukira. Ena, panthawi yachisokonezo cha siteji, amachoka kwambiri mwa iwo okha - kotero, ndi nzeru zawo zonse ndi luso lawo, zimachitika kuti anthu oletsa, osakhala ochezeka kwambiri mwachibadwa amadzitsekera m'gulu la anthu odzaza ndi osadziwika.

"Zingakhale zoseketsa ngati nditayamba kudandaula za chisangalalo cha pop," akutero Nasedkin. Ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, chochititsa chidwi ndi chiyani: kukwiyitsa pafupifupi aliyense (omwe anganene kuti alibe nkhawa?!), Zimasokoneza aliyense mwanjira yapadera, mosiyana ndi ena. Chifukwa zimawonekera makamaka pazomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa wojambula, ndipo apa aliyense ali ndi zake. Mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala zovuta kwa ine kudzimasula ndekha pagulu, kudzikakamiza kunena mosabisa ... "KS Stanislavsky adapezapo mawu oyenerera:" zotchingira zauzimu ". "Munthawi zovuta zamaganizidwe kwa wosewera," adatero wotsogolera wotchuka, "amakankhidwa patsogolo, akupumula pa cholinga chopanga komanso osalola kuti chiyandikire" (Stanislavsky KS Moyo wanga mu Art. S. 149.). Izi, ngati mukuganiza za izo, makamaka akufotokoza chimene chimatchedwa predominance wa chiŵerengero mu Nasedkin.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chinthu chinanso chimakopa chidwi. Kamodzi, pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, woyimba piyano adasewera ntchito zingapo ndi Bach madzulo ake. Adasewera bwino kwambiri: adakopa omvera, adamutsogolera; Nyimbo za Bach pakuchita kwake zidakhudza kwambiri komanso zamphamvu. Mwina madzulo amenewo, ena mwa omvera anaganiza: bwanji ngati sikuli chisangalalo chabe, misempha, zokomera za siteji? Mwinanso chifukwa chakuti woimba limba amatanthauzira lake wolemba? Poyambirira zidadziwika kuti Nasedkin ndi wabwino mu nyimbo za Beethoven, m'malingaliro a Schubert, mu epic ya Brahms. Bach, ndi filosofi yake, zowonetsera mozama za nyimbo, salinso pafupi ndi wojambula. Apa zimakhala zosavuta kuti apeze kamvekedwe koyenera pa siteji: "adzimasulire m'maganizo, adzikwiyire kuti alankhule ..."

Consonant ndi luso payekha Nasedkin ndi ntchito ya Schumann; osapereka zovuta pakuchita ntchito za Tchaikovsky. Mwachibadwa komanso mophweka kwa wojambula mu repertoire ya Rachmaninov; amasewera wolemba uyu kwambiri komanso bwino - zolemba zake za piyano (Vocalise, "Lilacs", "Daisies"), zoyambira, zolemba zonse za etudes-penti. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyambira zaka za m'ma XNUMX, Nasedkin adayamba kukonda kwambiri Scriabin: machitidwe osowa kwambiri a woyimba piyano m'nyengo zaposachedwapa anachitika popanda nyimbo za Scriabin. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsutsidwa kunasilira kumveka kwake kochititsa chidwi ndi chiyero mu kufalitsa kwa Nasedkin, kuunikira kwake kwamkati - monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse ndi wojambula - kugwirizanitsa zomveka zonse.

Poyang'ana pa mndandanda wa kupambana kwa Nasedkin monga womasulira, munthu sangalephere kutchula zinthu monga Liszt's B wamng'ono sonata, Debussy's Suite Bergamas, Ravel's Play of Water, Glazunov's First Sonata, ndi Zithunzi za Mussorgsky pa Chiwonetsero. Pomaliza, podziwa momwe woyimba piyano amachitira (izi sizovuta kuchita), titha kuganiza kuti angalowe m'maiko omveka pafupi ndi iye, kuyesera kusewera ma suites ndi ma fugues a Handel, nyimbo za Frank, Reger ...

Chidwi kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kutanthauzira kwa Nasedkin kwa ntchito zamakono. Uwu ndiye gawo lake, sizodabwitsa kuti adapambana panthawiyo pampikisano wa "Nyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX". Gawo lake - komanso chifukwa ndi wojambula wokonda kulenga, zokonda zaluso - ndi wojambula yemwe amakonda zatsopano, amazimvetsa; ndipo chifukwa, potsiriza, kuti iye mwini amakonda kupanga.

Kawirikawiri, kulemba kumapereka Nasedkin kwambiri. Choyamba - mwayi wowonera nyimbo "kuchokera mkati", kudzera m'maso mwa amene amalenga. Zimamulola kulowa zinsinsi za kupanga, kupanga zomveka - ndichifukwa chake, mwina, ake. kuchita mfundo nthawi zonse momveka bwino bwino, moyenera, analamula mkati. GG Neuhaus, yemwe mwanjira iliyonse zotheka adalimbikitsa kukopa kwa wophunzira wake pazaluso, analemba kuti: okha wotsogolera” (Neigauz GG Reflections, kukumbukira, zolemba. S. 121.). Komabe, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a "nyimbo chuma", zikuchokera amapereka Nasedkin katundu wina: luso kuganiza mu luso. amakono magulu.

Woimba limba akuphatikizapo ntchito Richard Strauss, Stravinsky, Britten, Berg, Prokofiev, Shostakovich. Iye, kupitirira apo, amalimbikitsa nyimbo za oimba omwe wakhala nawo mu mgwirizano wautali wa kulenga - Rakov (anali woimba woyamba wa Sonata Yachiwiri), Ovchinnikov ( "Metamorphoses"), Tishchenko, ndi ena. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kuti ndi ndani mwa oimba amasiku ano Nasedkin womasulirayo akutembenukira, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo - zomanga kapena zongopeka - nthawi zonse amalowa muzofunikira za nyimbo: "ku maziko, ku mizu, mpaka pakati; ” m’mawu otchuka B. Pasternak. Munjira zambiri - chifukwa cha luso lake lopanga komanso lotukuka kwambiri.

Salemba mofanana ndi, kunena kuti, Arthur Schnabel adalemba - adadzilembera yekha, kubisa masewero ake kwa akunja. Nasedkin amabweretsa nyimbo zomwe adapanga pasiteji, ngakhale nthawi zambiri. Anthu wamba amadziwa zina mwa zida zake zoimbira piyano ndi chipinda. Nthawi zonse ankakumana ndi chidwi ndi chifundo. Akhoza kulemba zambiri, koma palibe nthawi yokwanira. Inde, kupatula china chirichonse, Nasedkin nayenso ndi mphunzitsi - ali ndi kalasi yake ku Moscow Conservatory.

Ntchito yophunzitsa kwa Nasedkin ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Sanganene mosapita m'mbali, monga ena amanenera: "Inde, kuphunzitsa ndi kofunika kwambiri kwa ine..."; kapena, m'malo mwake: “Koma mukudziwa, sindikumufuna…” Iye ndilofunika kwa iye, ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi wophunzira, ngati ali ndi luso ndipo mukhoza kuyika ndalama mwa iye popanda kufufuza mphamvu zanu zonse zauzimu. Apo ayi ... Nasedkin amakhulupirira kuti kulankhulana ndi wophunzira wamba sikuli koopsa monga momwe ena amaganizira. Komanso, kulankhulana ndi tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kwa nthawi yaitali. Mediocrity, ophunzira apakatikati ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chachinyengo: amawazolowera mosazindikira komanso mwakachetechete zomwe akuchita, kuwakakamiza kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe wamba komanso tsiku lililonse, kuti asamaganize mopepuka ...

Koma kuthana ndi talente m'kalasi sizongosangalatsa, komanso zothandiza. Mukhoza, nthawi zina, kuyang'ana chinachake, kutengera, ngakhale kuphunzira chinachake ... Monga chitsanzo kutsimikizira lingaliro lake, Nasedkin nthawi zambiri amatanthauza maphunziro ndi V. Ovchinnikov - mwina ophunzira ake abwino kwambiri, mendulo ya siliva ya Mpikisano wa VII wotchedwa Tchaikovsky, wopambana. ya mphotho yoyamba pa Mpikisano wa Leeds (Kuyambira 1987, V. Ovchinnikov, monga wothandizira, wakhala akuthandiza Nasedkin pa ntchito yake pa Conservatory. – G. Ts.). "Ndimakumbukira kuti nditaphunzira ndi Volodya Ovchinnikov, nthawi zambiri ndinkadzipeza ndekha zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zophunzitsa ..."

Mwachidziwikire, momwe zinalili, mu zophunzitsa - zenizeni, zophunzitsa zazikulu - izi sizachilendo. Koma izi ndi zimene Ovchinnikov anakumana mu zaka wophunzira ndi Nasedkin, anaphunzira zambiri kwa iye yekha, anatenga chitsanzo, palibe kukayika. Izi zimamveka ndi masewera ake - anzeru, ozama, oona mtima mwaukadaulo - komanso momwe amawonekera pabwalo - modzichepetsa, mosasamala, mwaulemu komanso kuphweka kwabwino. Nthawi zina amamva kuti Ovchinnikov pa siteji nthawi zina alibe zidziwitso zosayembekezereka, kuyatsa zilakolako ... Mwina. Koma palibe amene anam'dzudzulapo kuti, iwo amati akuyesa kubisa chilichonse m'masewera ake ndi zotulukapo zakunja ndi nyimbo. Mu luso la woyimba piyano wamng'ono - monga luso la mphunzitsi wake - palibe bodza laling'ono kapena kudzikuza, osati mthunzi. zabodza zanyimbo.

Kuphatikiza pa Ovchinnikov, oimba piyano achichepere omwe ali ndi mphatso, omwe adapambana nawo mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi, adaphunzira ndi Nasedkin, monga Valery Pyasetsky (Mphotho ya III pa Bach Competition, 1984) kapena Niger Akhmedov (Mphotho ya VI pampikisano ku Santander, Spain, 1984) .

Mu pedagogy ya Nasedkin, komanso muzochita zamasewera ndi machitidwe, malo ake okongola muzojambula, malingaliro ake pa kutanthauzira nyimbo akuwululidwa momveka bwino. Kwenikweni, popanda udindo wotero, kuphunzitsa pakokha sikungakhale ndi cholinga ndi tanthauzo kwa iye. Iye anati: “Sindimakonda pamene chinthu chongopeka, chopangidwa mwapadera chimayamba kuonekera poimba nyimbo. “Ndipo ophunzira nthawi zambiri amachimwa ndi izi. Amafuna kuti aziwoneka "osangalatsa kwambiri" ...

Ndine wotsimikiza kuti luso laumwini sikutanthauza kusewera mosiyana ndi ena. Pamapeto pake, amene amadziwa kukhala pa siteji ndi payekha. wekha; - ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu. Yemwe amachita nyimbo molingana ndi zikhumbo zake zakulenga - monga "Ine" wake wamkati amauza munthu. Mwanjira ina, chowonadi chochulukirapo komanso kuwona mtima pamasewera, m'pamenenso munthu payekha amawonekera.

M'malo mwake, sindimakonda kwambiri ngati woyimba amapangitsa omvera kudzimvera: apa, amati, zomwe ndili ... ndinena zambiri. Ziribe kanthu momwe lingaliro lachiwonetsero lokha lingakhale losangalatsa komanso loyambirira, koma ngati ine - monga womvera - ndizindikire poyamba, lingaliro, ngati ndikumverera poyamba. kutanthauzira monga choncho., ndi, m'malingaliro anga, si abwino kwambiri. Munthu ayenerabe kuzindikira nyimbo mu holo ya konsati, osati momwe "amatumikiridwa" ndi wojambula, momwe amatanthauzira. Pamene amasilira pafupi ndi ine: "O, kutanthauzira kwake bwanji!", Ndimakonda nthawi zonse kuposa pamene ndimva: "O, nyimbo zotani!". Sindikudziwa kuti ndinatha bwanji kufotokoza maganizo anga molondola. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zamveka bwino. ”

Nasedkin amakhala lero, monga dzulo, moyo wovuta komanso wozama wamkati. (Mu 1988, adachoka ku Conservatory, akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ndi kuchita zinthu.). Iye anali kukonda bukhulo; tsopano iye, mwinamwake, ali wofunikira kwambiri kwa iye kuposa zaka zapitazo. “Ndikuganiza kuti monga woimba, kuŵerenga kumandipatsa zambiri, mwinanso zochuluka, kuposa kupita kumakonsati kapena kumvetsera nyimbo. Ndikhulupirireni, sindikukokomeza. Zoona zake n’zakuti madzulo a piyano ambiri, kapena malekodi a galamafoni omwewo, amandisiya, moona mtima, bata kotheratu. Nthawi zina kungokhala mphwayi. Koma ndi buku, buku labwino, izi sizichitika. Kuwerenga si "chisangalalo" kwa ine; osati zosangalatsa zokha. Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazantchito zanga.. Inde, nanga bwanji? Ngati mukuyandikira kuyimba piyano osati ngati "kuthamanga chala", ndiye kuti zopeka, monga zaluso zina, zimakhala zofunika kwambiri pantchito yolenga. Mabuku amakondweretsa moyo, amakupangitsani kuyang'ana pozungulira, kapena, mosiyana, kuyang'ana mozama mwa inu nokha; Nthawi zina amapereka malingaliro, ndinganene, ofunikira kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ... "

Nasedkin amakonda kunena nthawi zina kuti "Liberation of Tolstoy" ndi IA Bunin adamupanga nthawi ina. Ndipo momwe bukhuli lidamulemeretsera, munthu ndi wojambula - mawu ake amalingaliro ndi ma semantic, malingaliro owoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe achilendo. Mwa njira, amakonda kwambiri mabuku a memoir, komanso utolankhani wapamwamba kwambiri, kutsutsa zaluso.

B. Shaw adatsimikizira kuti zilakolako zanzeru - zokhazikika komanso zanthawi yayitali pakati pa ena onse ndi ena - sizimafowoka pakapita zaka, koma, mosiyana, nthawi zina zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zakuya ... kamangidwe ka maganizo ndi zochita zawo, ndi njira ya moyo, ndi ena ambiri amatsimikizira ndi fanizo zimene B. Shaw ananena; Nasedkin mosakayikira ndi mmodzi wa iwo.

… Kukhudza mwachidwi. Mwanjira ina, kalekale, Alexei Arkadievich akukayikira pokambirana ngati anali ndi ufulu wodziona ngati katswiri wosewera konsati. M'kamwa mwa munthu yemwe wakhala akuyendera pafupifupi madera onse a dziko lapansi, yemwe ali ndi ulamuliro wamphamvu pakati pa akatswiri ndi anthu, izi zinkamveka zachilendo poyamba. Pafupifupi paradoxical. Komabe, Nasedkin, mwachiwonekere, anali ndi chifukwa chokayikira mawu akuti "woimba konsati", kufotokoza mbiri yake mu luso. Zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti iye ndi Woyimba. Ndipo kwenikweni capitalized ...

G. Tsypin, 1990