Francesca Cuzzoni |

Francesca Cuzzoni

Mmodzi mwa oimba odziwika bwino azaka za zana la XNUMX, Cuzzoni-Sandoni, anali ndi mawu owoneka bwino, ofewa, adachitanso bwino mu coloratura ndi cantilena arias.

C. Burney akugwira mawu kuchokera ku mawu a wolemba I.-I. Quantz akufotokoza makhalidwe abwino a woimbayo motere: “Cuzzoni anali ndi mawu osangalatsa kwambiri komanso owala kwambiri a soprano, kamvekedwe koyera komanso katatu kokongola; kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu ake kunakumbatira ma octave awiri - kuchokera kotala mpaka kotala atatu c. Kayimbidwe kake kanali kosavuta komanso kodzaza ndi malingaliro; Zokongoletsa zake sizinkawoneka ngati zongopeka, chifukwa cha njira yosavuta komanso yolondola yomwe adazipangira; komabe, anakopa mitima ya omvera ndi mawu ake odekha ndi okhudza mtima. Mu allegro iye analibe liwiro lalikulu, koma iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwanira ndi kusalala kwa kuphedwa, kupukutidwa ndi kosangalatsa. Komabe, ndi zabwino zonsezi, ziyenera kuvomereza kuti adasewera mozizira komanso kuti chithunzi chake sichinali choyenera kwambiri pabwaloli.

Francesca Cuzzoni-Sandoni anabadwa mu 1700 mumzinda wa Italy wa Parma, m'banja losauka la woyimba zeze Angelo Cuzzoni. Anaphunzira kuimba ndi Petronio Lanzi. Anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa siteji ya opera mu 1716 mumzinda wakwawo. Kenako iye anaimba mu zisudzo Bologna, Venice, Siena ndi kupambana kwambiri.

"Woipa, wokhala ndi khalidwe losapiririka, woimbayo adakopa omvera ndi khalidwe lake, kukongola kwa timbre, cantilena inimitable poimba adagio," analemba motero E. Tsodokov. - Potsirizira pake, mu 1722, prima donna analandira kuyitanidwa kuchokera kwa G.-F. Handel ndi mnzake impresario Johann Heidegger kuti akachite ku London Kingstier. Wanzeru waku Germany, wokhazikika ku likulu la Chingerezi, akuyesera kugonjetsa "Albion foggy" ndi zisudzo zake zaku Italy. Amatsogolera Royal Academy of Music (yokonzedwa kuti ilimbikitse opera ya ku Italy) ndipo amapikisana ndi Giovanni Bononcini wa ku Italy. Chikhumbo chofuna kupeza Cuzzoni ndi chachikulu kwambiri moti ngakhale woyimba zeze wa zisudzo Pietro Giuseppe Sandoni amatumizidwa ku Italy. Panjira yopita ku London, Francesca ndi mnzake adayamba chibwenzi chomwe chimatsogolera kubanja laubwana. Pomaliza, pa Disembala 29, 1722, British Journal idalengeza za kubwera kwa Cuzzoni-Sandoni yemwe adangopanga kumene ku England, osayiwala kufotokoza chindapusa chake panyengoyi, yomwe ndi mapaundi 1500 (kwenikweni, prima donna idalandira mapaundi 2000) .

Pa Januware 12, 1723, woimbayo adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la London mu sewero loyamba la opera ya Handel Otto, Mfumu ya Germany (gawo la Theophane). Pakati pa abwenzi a Francesca ndi castrato wotchuka wa ku Italy Senesino, yemwe wakhala akuchita naye mobwerezabwereza. Zochita m'mawu oyamba a masewera a Handel Julius Caesar (1724, gawo la Cleopatra), Tamerlane (1724, gawo la Asteria), ndi Rodelinda (1725, gawo lamutu) amatsatira. M'tsogolomu, Cuzzoni adayimba maudindo otsogola ku London - onse mu zisudzo za Handel "Admet", "Scipio ndi Alexander", komanso zisudzo za olemba ena. Coriolanus, Vespasian, Artaxerxes ndi Lucius Verus lolemba Ariosti, Calpurnia ndi Astyanax lolemba Bononcini. Ndipo kulikonse adachita bwino, ndipo chiwerengero cha mafani chinakula.

Zodziwika bwino zamanyazi ndi kuuma mtima kwa wojambulayo sizinasokoneze Handel, yemwe anali ndi kutsimikiza kokwanira. Kamodzi prima donna sanafune kuchita aria kuchokera ku Ottone monga momwe wolembayo adanenera. Handel nthawi yomweyo adalonjeza Cuzzoni kuti akakana mwamtheradi, angomutulutsa pawindo!

Francesca atabala mwana wamkazi m'chilimwe cha 1725, kutenga nawo mbali mu nyengo yomwe ikubwera kunali kokayikitsa. Royal Academy idayenera kukonzekera cholowa m'malo. Handel mwiniwake amapita ku Vienna, ku khoti la Mfumu Charles VI. Apa amapembedza ku Italy wina - Faustina Bordoni. Wolembayo, akuchita ngati impresario, amatha kumaliza mgwirizano ndi woimbayo, kupereka ndalama zabwino.

E. Tsodokov anati: “Atapeza “ diamondi ” yatsopano ku Bordoni, Handel analandiranso mavuto ena. - Kodi kuphatikiza awiri prima donnas pa siteji? Pambuyo pake, makhalidwe a Cuzzoni amadziwika, ndipo anthu, omwe agawidwa m'misasa iwiri, adzawonjezera moto. Zonsezi zikuonetsedwa ndi wopeka, kulemba opera wake watsopano "Alexander", kumene Francesca ndi Faustina (amene ndi kuwonekera koyamba kugulu London) amayenera kusonkhana pa siteji. Kwa omenyana nawo amtsogolo, maudindo awiri ofanana amapangidwa - akazi a Alexander Wamkulu, Lizaura ndi Roxana. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa ma arias kuyenera kukhala kofanana, mu duets ayenera kukhala payekha mosinthana. Ndipo Mulungu aletse kuti chiŵerengerocho chinathyoledwa! Tsopano zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi ntchito ziti, kutali ndi nyimbo, Handel nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi ntchito yake yochitira opaleshoni. Awa si malo oti afufuze kuwunika kwa cholowa cha woimba wamkulu, koma, mwachiwonekere, lingaliro la akatswiri oimba omwe amakhulupirira kuti, atadzimasula ku "katundu" wolemera wa opera mu 1741, adapeza ufulu wamkati. zomwe zinamulola kuti adzipangire zaluso zake mochedwa mu mtundu wa oratorio ("Messiah", "Samson", "Judas Maccabee", etc.).

Pa May 5, 1726, kuyamba kwa "Alexander" kunachitika, zomwe zinali zopambana kwambiri. M'mwezi woyamba wokha, kupanga uku kunachita masewera khumi ndi anayi. Senesino adasewera udindo. Ma prima donnas nawonso ali pamwamba pamasewera awo. Mosakayikira, inali nyimbo ya opera yodziwika bwino kwambiri panthawiyo. Tsoka ilo, a British adapanga misasa iwiri ya mafani osagwirizana a prima donnas, omwe Handel ankawopa kwambiri.

Wolemba I.-I. Quantz anali mboni ya nkhondo imeneyo. “Pakati pa oimba onse aŵiri, Cuzzoni ndi Faustina, panali udani waukulu kotero kuti pamene mafani a nyimbo ina anayamba kuwomba m’manja, osilira winayo anali kuimbira mluzu mosalekeza, ponena za zimene London inasiya kuyimba zisudzo kwa kanthaŵi. Oimba ameneŵa anali ndi makhalidwe abwino osiyanasiyana ndi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwakuti, zikanakhala kuti zoimbidwa nthaŵi zonse zikanapanda kukhala adani a zokondweretsa zawo, iwo akanatha kuwomba m’manja aliyense motsatizanatsatizana, ndipo pambuyo pake anasangalala ndi ungwiro wawo wosiyanasiyana. Kutsoka kwa anthu okwiya omwe amafuna chisangalalo cha luso kulikonse komwe angapezeke, kukwiya kwa mkanganowu kwachiritsa amalonda onse omwe adatsatira kupusa kwa kubweretsa oyimba awiri amtundu umodzi ndi matalente nthawi imodzi kuti ayambitse mikangano. .

Izi ndi zomwe E. Tsodokov analemba:

“M’chakachi, kulimbanako sikunapitirire malire a ulemu. Oimbawo anapitirizabe kuimba bwino. Koma nyengo yotsatira inayamba ndi zovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, Senesino, yemwe adatopa ndikukhala mumthunzi wa mpikisano wa prima donnas, adanena kuti adadwala ndipo adachoka ku continent (kubwerera ku nyengo yotsatira). Kachiwiri, zolipira zosakayikitsa za nyenyezi zidagwedeza mkhalidwe wazachuma wa oyang'anira Academy. Sanapeze chilichonse chabwino kuposa "kukonzanso" mkangano pakati pa Handel ndi Bononcini. Handel akulemba opera yatsopano "Admet, King of Thessaly", yomwe inali yopambana kwambiri (zojambula 19 pa nyengo). Bononcini akukonzekeranso masewero atsopano - opera Astianax. Kupanga kumeneku kunali koopsa pa mpikisano wa nyenyezi ziwirizi. Ngati kale kulimbana pakati pawo kunkachitika makamaka ndi "manja" a mafani ndikuwombana pamasewera, "kuthirirana" wina ndi mzake m'manyuzipepala, ndiye pa kuwonetseratu kwa ntchito yatsopano ya Bononcini, idalowa " thupi” siteji.

Tiyeni tifotokoze mwatsatanetsatane chiyambi chochititsa manyazi ichi, chimene chinachitika pa June 6, 1727, pamaso pa mkazi wa Kalonga wa Wales Caroline, kumene Bordoni anaimba mbali ya Hermione, ndi Cuzzoni anaimba Andromache. Pambuyo pa chipongwe chamwambo, maphwandowo adapita ku "konsati ya mphaka" ndi zinthu zina zonyansa; misempha ya prima donnas sinathe kupirira, iwo anamamatirana wina ndi mzake. Kumenyana kwachikazi kofananako kunayamba - ndi kukanda, kugwedeza, kukoka tsitsi. Matigari amagazi amamenyana pachabe. Nkhani yochititsa manyaziyi inali yaikulu kwambiri moti inachititsa kuti nyengo ya zisudzo itsekedwe.”

Mtsogoleri wa Drury Lane Theatre, Colley Syber, anachita farce mwezi wotsatira pamene oimba aŵiriwo anatulutsidwa akugwedezana chignon, ndipo Handel mwa phlegmatically akunena kwa amene ankafuna kuwalekanitsa kuti: “Zilekeni. Akatopa, mkwiyo wawo udzatha wokha.” Ndipo, pofuna kufulumira kutha kwa nkhondoyo, adamulimbikitsa ndi kugunda kwamphamvu kwa timpani.

Chochititsa manyazi ichi chinalinso chimodzi mwa zifukwa zopangira "Opera ya Opempha" yotchuka ndi D. Gay ndi I.-K. Pepusha mu 1728. Mkangano pakati pa prima donnas ukuwonetsedwa mumpikisano wotchuka wokangana pakati pa Polly ndi Lucy.

Posakhalitsa mkangano pakati pa oimbawo unazimiririka. Atatu otchuka adachitanso limodzi mumasewera a Handel Cyrus, Mfumu ya Perisiya, Ptolemy, Mfumu ya Egypt. Koma zonsezi sizipulumutsa "Kingstier", zochitika za zisudzo zikuipiraipira. Popanda kuyembekezera kugwa, mu 1728 Cuzzoni ndi Bordoni anachoka ku London.

Cuzzoni akupitiriza masewero ake kunyumba ku Venice. Pambuyo pake, adawonekera ku Vienna. Ku likulu la Austria, sanakhale nthawi yayitali chifukwa chopempha ndalama zambiri. Mu 1734-1737, Cuzzoni anaimbanso ku London, nthawi ino ndi gulu la woimba wotchuka Nicola Porpora.

Kubwerera ku Italy mu 1737, woimbayo anachita ku Florence. Kuyambira 1739 wakhala akuyendera Europe. Cuzzoni amachita ku Vienna, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Amsterdam.

Pali mphekesera zambiri kuzungulira prima donna. Anthu amamvekanso kuti anapha mwamuna wake. Ku Holland, Cuzzoni amathera m'ndende yangongole. Woyimbayo amamasulidwa madzulo okha. Malipiro ochokera ku zisudzo mu zisudzo amapita kulipira ngongole.

Cuzzoni-Sandoni anamwalira mu umphawi ku Bologna mu 1770, kupeza ndalama m'zaka zaposachedwa popanga mabatani.