Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov |

Anatoly Orfenov

Russian tenor Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov anabadwa mu 1908 m'banja la wansembe m'mudzi wa Sushki, m'chigawo cha Ryazan, pafupi ndi tauni ya Kasimov, malo akale a akalonga Chitata. Banjali linali ndi ana asanu ndi atatu. Aliyense anaimba. Koma Anatoly yekha, ngakhale mavuto onse, amene anakhala katswiri woimba. “Tinkakhala ndi nyali za palafini,” woimbayo anakumbukira motero, “tinalibe zosangulutsa zirizonse, kamodzi kokha pachaka, panthaŵi ya Khrisimasi, zisudzo za anthu osachita zachilendo zinkaperekedwa. Tinali ndi galamafoni yomwe tinayamba pa maholide, ndipo ndinamvetsera zolemba za Sobinov, Sobinov anali wojambula yemwe ndimakonda kwambiri, ndinkafuna kuphunzira kwa iye, ndinkafuna kumutsanzira. Kodi mnyamatayo ankaganiza kuti mu zaka zochepa chabe mwayi kuona Sobinov ntchito naye mbali yake yoyamba opera.

Bambo wa banjalo anamwalira mu 1920, ndipo pansi pa ulamuliro watsopano, ana a mtsogoleri wachipembedzo sankadalira maphunziro apamwamba.

Mu 1928, Orfenov anafika ku Moscow, ndipo mwa chitsogozo cha Mulungu anatha kulowa masukulu awiri luso mwakamodzi - pedagogical ndi madzulo nyimbo (tsopano Ippolitov-Ivanov Academy). Iye anaphunzira mawu mu kalasi ya luso mphunzitsi Aleksandra Akimovich Pogorelsky, wotsatira Italy bel canto sukulu (Pogorelsky anali wophunzira wa Camillo Everardi), ndi Anatoly Orfenov anali zokwanira za katundu chidziwitso akatswiri kwa moyo wake wonse. Mapangidwe a woimba wamng'ono kunachitika panthawi ya kukonzanso kwambiri kwa siteji ya opera, pamene gulu la situdiyo linafalikira, kutsutsana ndi kayendetsedwe ka maphunziro apamwamba a zisudzo za boma. Komabe, m'matumbo a Bolshoi omwewo ndi Mariinsky panali kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa miyambo yakale. Mavumbulutsidwe atsopano a m'badwo woyamba wa olamulira a Soviet, motsogoleredwa ndi Kozlovsky ndi Lemeshev, adasintha kwambiri zomwe zili mu "lyric tenor", pamene ku St. Orfenov, amene analowa moyo wake kulenga, kuyambira masitepe oyambirira sanathe kutayika pakati pa mayina awo, chifukwa ngwazi wathu anali paokha payekha zovuta, phale munthu wa njira kufotokoza, motero "munthu amene si wamba".

Choyamba, mu 1933 anatha kulowa kwaya ya Opera Theatre-Situdiyo motsogozedwa ndi KS Stanislavsky (situdiyo inali mu nyumba ya Stanislavsky mu Leontievsky Lane, kenako anasamukira ku Bolshay Dmitrovka ku malo akale a operetta). Banja lathu linali lachipembedzo kwambiri, agogo anga aakazi ankatsutsa moyo uliwonse wakuthupi, ndipo Anatoly anabisira amayi ake kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti amagwira ntchito m’bwalo la zisudzo. Pamene ananena zimenezi, iye anadabwa kuti: “N’chifukwa chiyani mukwaya?” Wokonzanso wamkulu wa siteji ya ku Russia Stanislavsky ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa dziko la Russia Sobinov, yemwe sanayimbenso komanso anali wothandizira mawu ku situdiyo, adawona mnyamata wamtali ndi wokongola wa kwaya, sanamvere mawu awa okha. komanso ku khama ndi kudzichepetsa kwa mwini wake. Kotero Orfenov anakhala Lensky mu sewero lodziwika bwino la Stanislavsky; mu April 1935, mbuye mwiniyo adamuwonetsa kuti achite, pakati pa oimba ena atsopano. (Nyengo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za tsogolo laluso zidzapitiriza kugwirizana ndi chithunzi cha Lensky - kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Nthambi ya Bolshoi Theatre, ndiyeno pa siteji yaikulu ya Bolshoi). Leonid Vitalievich analembera Konstantin Sergeevich kuti: "Ndinalamula Orfenov, yemwe ali ndi mawu okoma, kuti akonzekere Lensky mwamsanga, kupatulapo Ernesto wochokera ku Don Pasquale. Ndipo kenako: "Anandipatsa Orfen Lensky pano, ndipo bwino kwambiri." Stanislavsky anathera nthawi yambiri ndi chidwi kwa woyamba, monga umboni ndi zolembedwa za rehearsals ndi zokumbukira wojambula yekha: "Konstantin Sergeevich analankhula nane kwa maola ambiri. Za chiyani? Za masitepe anga oyamba pa siteji, za ubwino wanga mu izi kapena udindo, za ntchito ndi zochita za thupi zomwe iye anabweretsa mu mphambu ya udindo, za kumasulidwa kwa minofu, za makhalidwe a wosewera moyo. ndi pa siteji. Inali ntchito yaikulu yophunzitsa, ndipo ndikuthokoza aphunzitsi anga chifukwa cha ntchitoyi ndi mtima wanga wonse.”

Kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri akuluakulu a luso la Russia potsiriza kunapanga umunthu wa luso la wojambula. Orfenov mwamsanga anatenga udindo waukulu mu gulu la Stanislavsky Opera House. Omvera adakopeka ndi chilengedwe, kuwona mtima ndi kuphweka kwa khalidwe lake pa siteji. Iye sanali "wotsekemera phokoso-coder", phokoso silinakhalepo ngati mathero mwawokha kwa woimbayo. Orfenov nthawi zonse ankachokera ku nyimbo ndi mawu omwe adakwatirana nawo, mu mgwirizano uwu adayang'ana mfundo zazikulu za maudindo ake. Kwa zaka zambiri, Stanislavsky analimbikitsa lingaliro la Rigoletto Verdi, ndipo mu 1937-38. anali ndi zobwereza zisanu ndi zitatu. Komabe, pazifukwa zingapo (kuphatikiza, mwina, zomwe Bulgakov amalemba mu mawonekedwe ophiphiritsa kwambiri mu Theatre Novel), ntchito yopanga idayimitsidwa, ndipo ntchitoyo idatulutsidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya Stanislavsky motsogozedwa ndi Meyerhold. , wotsogolera wamkulu wa zisudzo panthawiyo. Momwe ntchito ya "Rigoletto" inali yosangalatsa tingawerengere kuchokera ku zolemba za Anatoly Orfenov "Masitepe Oyamba", omwe adasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya "Soviet Music" (1963, No. 1).

anayesetsa kusonyeza pa siteji "moyo wa mzimu wa munthu" ... Zinali zofunika kwambiri kuti asonyeze kulimbana kwa "manyazi ndi chipongwe" - Gilda ndi Rigoletto, kuposa kudabwitsa omvera ndi khumi ndi awiri zolemba zokongola pamwamba. oimba ndi kukongola kwa malo ... Anapereka njira ziwiri za fano la Duke. Odin ndi lecher wodzipereka yemwe kunja kwake akufanana ndi Francis Woyamba, wowonetsedwa ndi V. Hugo m'sewero lakuti The King Amuses mwiniyo. Winayo ndi mnyamata wokongola, wokongola, wokonda kwambiri Countess Ceprano, Gilda wosavuta, ndi Maddalena.

Pachithunzi choyamba, chinsalu chikakwezedwa, Duke akukhala pakhonde lakumtunda kwa nyumbayo patebulo, m'mawu ophiphiritsa a Konstantin Sergeevich, "wokhala" ndi amayi ... alibe chidziwitso cha siteji, momwe mungaimire pakati pa siteji ndikuimba zomwe zimatchedwa "aria ndi magolovesi," ndiko kuti, mpira wa Duke? Ku Stanislavsky's, Duke adayimba nyimbo yovina ngati nyimbo yakumwa. Konstantin Sergeevich anandipatsa mndandanda wonse wa ntchito zakuthupi, kapena, mwina, zingakhale bwino kunena, zochita za thupi: kuyenda mozungulira tebulo, kugwedeza magalasi ndi amayi. Anandifunsa kuti ndikhale ndi nthawi yoti ndiyang'ane ndi aliyense wa iwo panthawi ya ballad. Mwa izi, adateteza wojambulayo ku "voids" mu gawoli. Panalibe nthawi yoganizira za "phokoso", za anthu.

Chidziwitso china cha Stanislavsky muzochitika zoyamba chinali chochitika cha Duke Rigoletto akukwapulidwa ndi chikwapu, "atanyoza" Count Ceprano ... Zinali zovuta kukhulupirira, ndipo poyeserera ndidakonda kwambiri.

Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri pa duet, Gilda amabisala kuseri kwa zenera la nyumba ya abambo ake, ndipo ntchito yomwe Stanislavsky anaika kwa Duke inali kumukopa kuti achoke kumeneko, kapena kumupangitsa kuyang'ana pawindo. Duke ali ndi maluwa obisika pansi pa chovala chake. Duwa limodzi panthawi, amawapatsa Gilda kudzera pawindo. (Chithunzi chodziwika bwino pawindo chinaphatikizidwa m'mabuku onse a opera - A.Kh.). Mu chochitika chachitatu, Stanislavsky ankafuna kusonyeza Duke monga munthu wa nthawi ndi maganizo. Akuluakulu akamauza Duke kuti "mtsikanayo ali m'nyumba mwako" (zopangazo zinali m'matembenuzidwe a Chirasha omwe amasiyana ndi omwe amavomerezedwa - A.Kh.), amasinthidwa kwathunthu, amaimba nyimbo ina, pafupifupi sanachitepo. m'malo owonetsera. Aria iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale palibe zolemba zapamwamba kuposa octave yachiwiri mmenemo, imakhala yovuta kwambiri mu tessitura.

Ndi Stanislavsky, amene mosatopa kumenyana ndi vampuca operatic, Orfenov anachitanso mbali za Lykov mu The Tsar's Bride, Holy Fool ku Boris Godunov, Almaviva mu The Barber of Seville, ndi Bakhshi mu Lev Stepanov Darvaz Gorge. Ndipo sakadachoka ku zisudzo ngati Stanislavsky sanafe. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Konstantin Sergeevich anayamba kugwirizana ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko Theatre (awa anali zisudzo awiri osiyana kotheratu, ndi zodabwitsa za tsoka anali ogwirizana). Mu nthawi iyi "yovuta", Orfenov, wojambula bwino wa RSFSR, adagwira nawo ntchito zina zamakono za Nemirovich, anaimba Paris mu "Beautiful Elena" (seweroli, mwamwayi, linalembedwa pa wailesi mu 1948). ), komabe mumzimu anali Stanislav weniweni. Choncho, kusintha kwake mu 1942 kuchokera ku Stanislavsky ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko Theatre kupita ku Bolshoi kunakonzedweratu ndi tsoka lokha. Ngakhale Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev m'buku lake "The Way to Art" akufotokoza mfundo yakuti oimba odziwika bwino (monga Pechkovsky ndi iyemwini) adachoka ku Stanislavsky chifukwa cha kulimba mtima komanso kuyembekezera kupititsa patsogolo luso la mawu m'madera ambiri. Pankhani ya Orfenov, zikuoneka kuti si zoona kwathunthu.

Kusakhutitsidwa kwa chilengedwe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40 kunamukakamiza "kuthetsa njala yake" "mbali", ndipo mu nyengo ya 1940/41 Orfenov adagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi State Opera Ensemble ya USSR motsogoleredwa ndi IS Kozlovsky. "European" mu mzimu tenor mu nthawi ya Soviet ndiye anali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro a opera mu sewero la konsati (lerolino malingaliro awa apeza chithunzithunzi chothandiza kwambiri Kumadzulo mwa mawonekedwe otchedwa theka-siteji. , "sewero laling'ono" lopanda mawonekedwe ndi zovala, koma ndikuchita zisudzo) ndipo monga wotsogolera, adapanga zojambula za Werther, Orpheus, Pagliatsev, Mozart ndi Salieri, Arkas' Katerina ndi Lysenko's Natalka-Poltavka. "Tinkafuna kupeza mawonekedwe atsopano a opera, omwe maziko ake angakhale abwino, osati owonetseratu," adakumbukira nthawi yayitali Ivan Semenovich. Pa masewero Kozlovsky yekha anaimba mbali zazikulu, koma m'tsogolo anafunika thandizo. Chifukwa chake Anatoly Orfenov adayimba gawo lachikoka la Werther kasanu ndi kawiri, komanso Mozart ndi Beppo ku Pagliacci (serenade ya Harlequin idayenera kukhala 2-3). Zochita zinachitikira mu Great Hall of the Conservatory, House of Scientists, Central House of Artists ndi Campus. Tsoka, kukhalapo kwa gululi kunali kwakanthawi kochepa.

Asilikali 1942. Ajeremani akubwera. Kuphulitsa mabomba. Nkhawa. Ndodo yaikulu ya Bolshoi Theatre anasamutsidwa ku Kuibyshev. Ndipo ku Moscow lero akusewera koyamba, mawa akusewera opera mpaka kumapeto. Mu nthawi nkhawa Orfenov anayamba kuitanidwa ku Bolshoi: choyamba kwa nthawi imodzi, kenako pang'ono, monga mbali ya gulu. Wodzichepetsa, wodzifunira yekha, kuyambira nthawi ya Stanislavsky anatha kuzindikira zabwino zonse za anzake pa siteji. Ndipo panali wina woti azindikire - zida zonse zagolide za mawu aku Russia zidali mu dongosolo, motsogozedwa ndi Obukhova, Barsova, Maksakova, Reizen, Pirogov ndi Khanaev. Pa zaka 13 za utumiki wake ku Bolshoi Orfenov anali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi makondakitala anayi akuluakulu: Samuil Samosud, Ariy Pazovsky, Nikolai Golovanov ndi Alexander Melik-Pashaev. Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti masiku ano sitingadzitamande chifukwa cha ulemerero ndi ulemerero woterowo.

Pamodzi ndi anzake awiri apamtima, oimba nyimbo Solomon Khromchenko ndi Pavel Chekin, Orfenov anatenga mzere wa "echelon wachiwiri" patebulo lamasewero a nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa Kozlovsky ndi Lemeshev. Opikisana awiriwa anali ndi chikondi chodziwika bwino chambiri, chogwirizana ndi kupembedza mafano. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira nkhondo zowopsa zamasewera pakati pa magulu ankhondo a "Kazlovites" ndi "Lemeshists" kulingalira momwe zinalili zovuta kuti asasocheretsedwe, komanso, kutenga malo oyenera pankhaniyi kwa woyimba watsopano aliyense wofanana. udindo. Ndipo chakuti luso la Orfenov anali pafupi ndi mzimu wowona mtima, "Yesenin" chiyambi cha luso la Lemeshev sichinkafuna umboni wapadera, komanso kuti iye mwaulemu adapambana mayesero a kuyerekezera kosalephereka ndi ojambula mafano. Inde, masewero oyambirira sanaperekedwe kawirikawiri, ndipo zisudzo ndi kukhalapo kwa Stalin zinkachitika kawirikawiri. Koma nthawi zonse mumalandiridwa kuti muyimbe m'malo mwake (zolemba za wojambula zimadzaza ndi zolemba "M'malo mwa Kozlovsky", "M'malo mwa Lemeshev. Adanenedwa pa 4 koloko masana"; anali Lemeshev Orfenov amene nthawi zambiri inshuwaransi). Zolemba za Orfenov, zomwe wojambulayo adalembapo ndemanga pazochitika zake zonse, sizingakhale zamtengo wapatali, koma ndizolemba zamtengo wapatali za nthawiyo - tili ndi mwayi wongomva zomwe zikutanthauza kukhala "wachiwiri". mzere" ndipo nthawi yomweyo kulandira chisangalalo chosangalatsa kuchokera ku ntchito yake, koma, chofunikira kwambiri, kuwonetsa moyo wa Bolshoi Theatre kuyambira 1942 mpaka 1955, osati mwachiwonetsero chovomerezeka, koma kuchokera ku ntchito wamba. masiku. Adalemba zoyambira ku Pravda ndikuwapatsa Mphotho za Stalin, koma anali wachiwiri kapena wachitatu omwe adathandizira magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali. Zinali ngati wantchito odalirika ndi wosatopa wa Bolshoi anali Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov.

Zowona, adalandiranso Mphotho yake ya Stalin - ya Vasek mu Smetana's The Bartered Bride. Unali sewero lodziwika bwino la Boris Pokrovsky ndi Kirill Kondrashin pomasulira Chirasha ndi Sergei Mikhalkov. Zopangazo zidapangidwa mu 1948 polemekeza zaka 30 za Czechoslovak Republic, koma zidakhala imodzi mwamasewera okondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo adakhala mu repertoire kwa zaka zambiri. Anthu ambiri omwe anaona ndi maso amaona chithunzi chochititsa mantha cha Vashek kukhala pachimake pa mbiri ya kulenga ya wojambulayo. "Vashek anali ndi khalidwe lomwe limasonyeza nzeru zenizeni za kulenga za mlembi wa siteji - wosewera. Vashek Orfenova ndi chithunzi chopangidwa mochenjera komanso mwanzeru. Zofooka za thupi la munthu (chibwibwi, kupusa) anali atavala pa siteji mu zovala za chikondi cha munthu, nthabwala ndi chithumwa "(BA Pokrovsky).

Orfenov ankaonedwa kuti ndi katswiri mu Western European repertoire, amene makamaka ankaimba pa Nthambi, choncho nthawi zambiri ankayenera kuimba kumeneko, mu nyumba ya Solodovnikovsky Theatre pa Bolshaya Dmitrovka (kumene Mamontov Opera ndi Zimin Opera anali pa. kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19-20, ndipo tsopano ntchito "Moscow Operetta"). Wokongola komanso wokongola, ngakhale kuti anali woipa, anali Duke wake ku Rigoletto. The gallant Count Almaviva anawala ndi kuyengedwa ndi nzeru mu The Barber wa Seville (mu opera iyi, zovuta tenor aliyense, Orfenov anaika mtundu wa mbiri - iye anaimba nthawi 107). Udindo wa Alfred mu La Traviata unamangidwa pa kusiyanitsa: mnyamata wamantha m'chikondi anasandulika munthu wansanje wochititsidwa khungu ndi mkwiyo ndi mkwiyo, ndipo pamapeto a opera adawoneka ngati munthu wachikondi kwambiri ndi wolapa. Nyimbo yaku France idayimiridwa ndi sewero lamasewera la Faust ndi Aubert Fra Diavolo (gawo laudindo mu seweroli linali ntchito yomaliza mu zisudzo za Lemeshev, monganso Orfenov - gawo loyimba la carabinieri Lorenzo). Anayimba Don Ottavio ya Mozart mu Don Giovanni ndi Beethoven Jacquino mu nyimbo yotchuka ya Fidelio ndi Galina Vishnevskaya.

Nyumba ya zithunzi zaku Russia za Orfenov imatsegulidwa moyenerera ndi Lensky. Mawu a woimbayo, omwe anali ndi timbre yofatsa, yowonekera bwino, kufewa ndi kusinthasintha kwa mawu, amafanana ndi chithunzi cha ngwazi yachinyamata. Lensky wake anali wosiyana ndi zovuta zapadera za fragility, kusatetezeka ku mphepo yamkuntho yadziko. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chinali chifaniziro cha wopusa woyera mu "Boris Godunov". Pachiwonetsero ichi cha Baratov-Golovanov-Fyodorovsky, Anatoly Ivanovich anaimba pamaso pa Stalin kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake mu 1947. Chimodzi mwa "zodabwitsa" zochitika za moyo waluso zimagwirizananso ndi kupanga izi - tsiku lina, pa Rigoletto. , Orfenov adadziwitsidwa kuti pamapeto a opera ayenera kufika kuchokera ku nthambi pa siteji yaikulu (kuyenda kwa mphindi 5) ndikuyimba Wopusa Woyera. Zinali ndi seweroli kuti pa October 9, 1968, gulu la Bolshoi Theatre linakondwerera chikumbutso cha 60 cha wojambula ndi chikumbutso cha 35 cha ntchito yake yolenga. Gennady Rozhdestvensky, amene anachititsa usiku umenewo, analemba m’buku la “ntchito” kuti: “Katswiri wa moyo wautali!” Ndipo woyimba udindo wa Boris, Alexander Vedernikov, ananena kuti: Orfenov ali ndi katundu wamtengo wapatali kwa wojambula - lingaliro la mulingo. Chitsiru Chake Choyera ndicho chizindikiro cha chikumbumtima cha anthu, monga momwe wopembayo anachilingalira.”

Orfenov anaonekera nthawi 70 mu chifaniziro cha Sinodal mu The Demon, opera amene tsopano wakhala mukusoŵa, ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo mmodzi wa repertory kwambiri. Kupambana kwakukulu kwa wojambulayo kunalinso maphwando monga Mlendo waku India ku Sadko ndi Tsar Berendey ku Snegurochka. Ndipo mosemphanitsa, malinga ndi woimbayo, Bayan mu "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila", Vladimir Igorevich mu "Prince Igor" ndi Gritsko mu "Sorochinsky Fair" sanasiye kuwala kowala (wojambulayo adawona udindo wa mnyamata mu opera ya Mussorgsky. poyamba "kuvulazidwa", popeza panthawi yoyamba yochita ntchitoyi, kutuluka kwa magazi kunachitika mu ligament). Munthu yekhayo waku Russia yemwe adasiya woyimbayo mosasamala anali Lykov mu The Tsar's Bride - akulemba m'buku lake kuti: "Sindimakonda Lykov." Mwachiwonekere, kutenga nawo mbali mu zisudzo za Soviet sikunadzutse chidwi cha wojambulayo, komabe, pafupifupi sanapite nawo ku Bolshoi, kupatulapo opera ya tsiku limodzi la Kabalevsky "Under Moscow" (Muscovite Vasily wamng'ono), opera ya ana a Krasev " Morozko" (Agogo) ndi opera Muradeli "The Great Friendship".

Limodzi ndi anthu ndi dziko, msilikali wathu sanapulumuke mbiri yakale. Pa November 7, 1947, pa Bolshoi Theatre, pa Bolshoi Theatre, pa Bolshoi Theatre, masewero akuluakulu a opera ya Vano Muradeli ya "Great Friendship", yomwe Anatoly Orfenov adaimba nyimbo ya Dzhemal m'busa. Zomwe zidachitika kenako, aliyense akudziwa - lamulo loyipa la Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU. N'chifukwa chiyani kwenikweni palibe vuto lililonse "nyimbo" opera wakhala ngati chizindikiro chiyambi cha kuzunzidwa kwatsopano kwa "formalists" Shostakovich ndi Prokofiev - mwambi wina wa dialectics. Chilankhulo cha tsoka la Orfenov ndizosadabwitsanso: anali wolimbikitsa anthu ambiri, kazembe wa Regional Council of People's Deputies, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, moyo wake wonse adasunga chikhulupiriro chopatulika mwa Mulungu, adapita kutchalitchi poyera ndikukana. kulowa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti sanabzalidwe.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin, kuyeretsa bwino kunakonzedwa m'bwalo la zisudzo - kusintha kochita kupanga kunayamba. Ndipo Anatoly Orfenov anali mmodzi mwa oyamba omwe anapatsidwa kuti amvetse kuti inali nthawi ya penshoni ya akuluakulu, ngakhale mu 1955 wojambulayo anali ndi zaka 47 zokha. Izi zinali katundu wake wofunikira - kuti achoke nthawi yomweyo pomwe sanalandilidwe.

Kugwirizana kopindulitsa ndi Radio kunayamba ndi Orfenov kumbuyo kwa zaka za m'ma 40 - mawu ake adakhala odabwitsa "radiogenic" ndipo amakwanira bwino pa kujambula. Imeneyo si nthawi yowala kwambiri ya dziko, pamene mabodza opondereza anali atayamba kale, pamene mlengalenga munadzaza ndi zolankhula zodyera anthu za woneneza wamkulu pa milandu yopeka, kuwulutsa nyimbo sikunali kokha kumagumbo a okonda ndi nyimbo za Stalin. , koma kukwezedwa zapamwamba zapamwamba. Imamveka kwa maola ambiri patsiku, pojambulidwa ndi kuulutsidwa kuchokera ku masitudiyo ndi m’malo ochitirako konsati. Zaka za m'ma 50 zinalowa m'mbiri ya Radio monga nthawi ya opera - inali zaka izi zomwe golide wa opera wa thumba la wailesi linalembedwa. Kuphatikiza pa ziwerengero zodziwika bwino, ntchito zambiri zoyiwalika komanso zomwe sizinachitike kawirikawiri zabadwanso, monga Rimsky-Korsakov's Pan Voyevoda, Voyevoda ya Tchaikovsky ndi Oprichnik. Pankhani ya luso lapamwamba, gulu loimba la Radio, ngati lotsika kwa Bolshoi Theatre, linali laling'ono chabe. Mayina a Zara Dolukhanova, Natalia Rozhdestvenskaya, Deborah Pantofel-Nechetskaya, Nadezhda Kazantseva, Georgy Vinogradov, Vladimir Bunchikov anali pamilomo ya aliyense. Kulenga ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pa Wailesi zaka zimenezo chinali chapadera. Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri waukadaulo, kukoma kosawoneka bwino, luso lojambula bwino, luso komanso luntha la ogwira ntchito, gulu la gulu komanso kuthandizana kumapitilira kusangalatsa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, zonsezi zikatha. Zochita pa Wailesi, pomwe Orfenov sanali woimba yekha, komanso wotsogolera luso la gulu loimba, anali wobala zipatso kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zojambulira zambiri, zomwe Anatoly Ivanovich adawonetsa bwino kwambiri mawu ake, adayambitsa zisudzo zapagulu zanyimbo za wailesi mu Hall of Columns of the House of the Unions. Tsoka ilo, lero gulu lolemera kwambiri la nyimbo zojambulidwa lakhala lachilendo ndipo silinapezekepo - nthawi yazakudya yayika patsogolo zoimbira zosiyana kwambiri.

Anatoly Orfenov ankadziwikanso ngati woimba m'chipinda. Anachita bwino kwambiri m'mawu aku Russia. Zojambula zazaka zosiyanasiyana zimawonetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa woyimba komanso, nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kofotokozera sewero lobisika la subtext. Ntchito ya Orfenov mu mtundu wa chipindacho imasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Gulu la ojambula la njira zowonetsera ndizolemera - kuyambira pafupifupi ethereal mezza voce ndi transparent cantilena kupita ku mapeto omveka bwino. Mu zolemba za 1947-1952. Makhalidwe a stylistic a wolemba aliyense amaperekedwa molondola kwambiri. Kuwongolera kokongola kwa chikondi cha Glinka kumagwirizana ndi kuphweka kwachikondi kwa Gurilev (Bell wotchuka, woperekedwa pa chimbale ichi, akhoza kukhala muyeso wa kuyimba kwa nyimbo za m'chipinda cha nthawi ya Glinka isanayambe). Ku Dargomyzhsky, Orfenov makamaka ankakonda zachikondi "Kodi muli m'dzina langa kwa inu" ndi "Ndinamwalira ndi chimwemwe", amene anawamasulira ngati zojambulidwa wochenjera maganizo. Mu chikondi cha Rimsky-Korsakov woimbayo anayamba maganizo ndi kuya luntha. Nyimbo ya Rachmaninov "Usiku m'munda wanga" imamveka bwino komanso yochititsa chidwi. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zojambula zachikondi za Taneyev ndi Tcherepnin, zomwe nyimbo zake sizimveka kawirikawiri m'makonsati.

Nyimbo zachikondi za Taneyev zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso mitundu. Wolembayo adatha kujambula muzithunzi zake zazing'ono kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwa mithunzi mumayendedwe a ngwazi yanyimbo. Malingaliro ndi malingaliro amaphatikizidwa ndi phokoso la mpweya wausiku wa masika kapena kamvuluvulu wonyansa pang'ono wa mpira (monga mu chikondi chodziwika bwino chozikidwa pa ndakatulo za Y. Polonsky "Mask"). Poganizira za luso la m’chipinda cha Tcherepnin, Katswiri wina wamaphunziro Boris Asafiev anafotokoza mmene sukulu ya Rimsky-Korsakov imakokera ku French impressionism (“kukokera kwa kulanda masomphenya a chilengedwe, kumlengalenga, kukongola, ku maonekedwe a kuwala ndi mthunzi”). . M'zokondana zozikidwa pa ndakatulo za Tyutchev, mawonekedwe awa amazindikiridwa mu utoto wokongola wa mgwirizano ndi mawonekedwe, mwatsatanetsatane, makamaka mu gawo la piyano. Zojambula zachikondi zaku Russia zopangidwa ndi Orfenov pamodzi ndi woyimba piyano David Gaklin ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chopanga nyimbo zachipinda.

Mu 1950, Anatoly Orfenov anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Gnessin Institute. Anali mphunzitsi wosamala komanso womvetsetsa. Sanakakamize, sanakakamize kutsanzira, koma nthawi zonse amachoka paumwini ndi luso la wophunzira aliyense. Ngakhale kuti palibe amene adakhala woimba wamkulu ndipo sanapange ntchito yapadziko lonse, koma angati pulofesa Orfenov adatha kuwongolera mawu - nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa opanda chiyembekezo kapena omwe sanatengedwe m'makalasi awo ndi aphunzitsi ena ofunitsitsa kwambiri. . Mwa ophunzira ake sanali tenors okha, komanso mabasi (tenor Yuri Speransky, amene ankagwira ntchito mu zisudzo zosiyanasiyana za USSR, tsopano akutsogolera dipatimenti ya maphunziro a zisudzo pa Gnessin Academy). Panali mawu ochepa aakazi, ndipo pakati pawo panali mwana wamkazi wamkulu Lyudmila, yemwe pambuyo pake anadzakhala woimba yekha wa Bolshoi Theatre Choir. Ulamuliro wa Orfenov monga mphunzitsi pamapeto pake unakhala wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yake yophunzitsa zakunja kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi zaka khumi) idayamba ku China ndikupitilira ku Cairo ndi Bratislava conservatories.

Mu 1963, kubwerera koyamba ku Bolshoi Theatre, kumene Anatoly Ivanovich anali kuyang'anira gulu la zisudzo kwa zaka 6 - izi zinali zaka pamene La Scala anabwera, ndi Bolshoi anayenda mu Milan, pamene nyenyezi tsogolo (Obraztsova) Atlantov , Nesterenko, Mazurok, Kasrashvili, Sinyavskaya, Piavko). Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa ojambula ambiri, panalibe gulu lodabwitsa chotero. Orfenov nthawi zonse ankadziwa kutenga udindo wa "golide tanthauzo" pakati pa kasamalidwe ndi soloists, anathandiza oimba, makamaka achinyamata, ndi malangizo abwino. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70, mphamvu ya Bolshoi Theatre inasinthanso, ndipo bungwe lonse, lotsogoleredwa ndi Chulaki ndi Anastasiev, linachoka. Mu 1980, pamene Anatoly Ivanovich anabwerera ku Czechoslovakia, nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa Bolshoi. Mu 1985, adapuma pantchito chifukwa cha matenda. Anamwalira mu 1987. Anaikidwa m'manda a Vagankovsky.

Tili ndi mawu ake. Panali diaries, nkhani ndi mabuku (mwa zomwe "Sobinov kulenga njira", komanso gulu la zithunzi kulenga soloist achinyamata a Bolshoi "Youth, ziyembekezo, akwaniritsa"). kukumbukira ofunda a m'nthawi ndi mabwenzi kukhalabe, umboni kuti Anatoly Orfenov anali munthu ndi Mulungu mu moyo wake.

Andrey Khripin