Alexei Nikolayevich Titov |

Alexei Titov

Nikolay Sergeevich TITOVY (? - 1776) Alexei Nikolaevich (23 July 1769, St. Petersburg - 20 XI 1827, ibid.) Sergei Nikolaevich (1770 - 5 V 1825) Nikolai Alekseevich (10 X1800, Petersburg 22 - 1875). ) Mikhail Alekseevich (17 IX 1804, St. Petersburg - 15 XII 1853, Pavlovsk) Nikolai Sergeevich (1798 - 1843, Moscow)

Banja la oimba a ku Russia Titovs adasiya chizindikiro chodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha Russia cha nthawi ya "dilettantism yowunikira". Ntchito zawo zoimba zidakula kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zidatenga theka lachiwiri la 6th ndi theka loyamba lazaka za 1766. 1769 mamembala a banja lolemekezeka anali oimba otchuka ankachita masewera, monga iwo anati, "Amateurs". Oimira anzeru olemekezeka, adapereka nthawi yawo yaulere ku zaluso zabwino, popanda maphunziro apadera, mwadongosolo. Monga mmene zinalili m’gulu la anthu olemekezeka, onse anali m’gulu lankhondo ndipo anali ndi maudindo apamwamba, kuyambira mkulu wa alonda mpaka mkulu wa asilikali. kholo la mzera wanyimbo izi, Colonel, nduna boma NS Titov, anali ndakatulo wotchuka, playwright ndi Wopeka wa nthawi Catherine. Mmodzi mwa anthu ophunzira kwambiri m'nthawi yake, iye anali wokonda kwambiri zisudzo ndi mu 1767 anatsegula kampani zisudzo mu Moscow, wamalonda amene mpaka 1795, pamene ana ake analowa m'manja mwa amalonda yachilendo Belmonti ndi Chinti. NS Titov adapanga ma comedies angapo amtundu umodzi, kuphatikiza "The Deceived Guardian" (yolembedwa mu 1768 ku Moscow) ndi "Kodi chidzakhala chiyani, sichingapewedwe, kapena Vain Precaution" (yolembedwa mu XNUMX ku St. Petersburg). Zimadziwika kuti, kuwonjezera pa zolembazo, adalembanso nyimbo zoimbira dziko la Russia, zomwe zimatchedwa "Chaka Chatsopano, kapena Msonkhano wa Madzulo a Vasilyev" (zolembedwa mu XNUMX ku Moscow). Izi zikutanthauza kuti adapekanso nyimbo zamasewera ena.

Ana aamuna a NS Titov - Alexei ndi Sergei - anali oimba otchuka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndi ana awo - Nikolai Alekseevich, Mikhail Alekseevich ndi Nikolai Sergeevich - olemba nyimbo otchuka a nthawi ya Pushkin. Ntchito zoimba za akuluakulu a Titovs zinali zogwirizana ndi zisudzo. Creative yonena za AN Titov anali wolemera ndithu, ngakhale yochepa. Munthu wapafupi ndi bwalo lachifumu, mkulu wa asilikali, wokonda kwambiri luso, wolemba nyimbo komanso woyimba zeze, anali mwini wa salon ya nyimbo, yomwe inakhala imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu a moyo waluso wa St. Zoimbaimba zapanyumba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkachitidwa ndi magulu a chipinda, zinkapezeka ndi abale a Titov okha - Alexei Nikolaevich ankaimba zeze bwino, ndipo SERGEY Nikolaevich ankaimba viola ndi cello - ndi ojambula ambiri apakhomo ndi akunja. Mwiniwake wa salon mwiniwakeyo, malinga ndi mwana wake Nikolai Alekseevich, "anali wachifundo chosowa, mbuye wa moyo ndi kuchitira zinthu; wophunzira, wanzeru, nthawi zonse anali wansangala ndi wokondeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu, anali ndi mphatso yolankhula bwino komanso ankalemba maulaliki.

MUNTHU wina dzina lake Titov anali katswiri wopeka zisudzo, yemwe anali wolemba mabuku oposa 20 a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo pali ma opera 10 a zinthu zosiyanasiyana: nthabwala, ngwazi, nyimbo-zachisoni, mbiri ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso opera kukonda dziko "Kuchokera Russian Mbiri" ("Kulimba mtima kwa Kievite, kapena Awa Ndi Russia," inachitikira mu 1817 mu St. Petersburg). Zotchuka kwambiri zinali zosewerera zatsiku ndi tsiku zotengera zolemba za A. Ya. Knyaznin "Yam, or the Post Station" (1805), "Gatherings, or Consequence of the Dzenje" (1808) ndi "Girlfriend, or Filatkin's Wedding" (1809), zomwe zimapanga mtundu wa trilogy ( zonse zinaperekedwa mu St. Petersburg). ANTHU wina dzina lake Titov anapekanso nyimbo za ballet, melodrama, ndi zisudzo zochititsa chidwi. Chilankhulo chake choyimba chimakhazikika kwambiri m'miyambo ya ku Europe, ngakhale m'masewera azithunzi atsiku ndi tsiku pali kulumikizana kowoneka ndi nyimbo zachikondi za tsiku ndi tsiku zaku Russia.

SN Titov anali ndi chaka chocheperapo kuposa mchimwene wake, ndipo njira yake yolenga idakhala yayifupi kwambiri - adamwalira ali ndi zaka 55. Atamaliza ntchito yake ya usilikali ndi udindo wa lieutenant General, mu 1811 adapuma pantchito ndikulowa ntchito ya boma. . Wokhala nawo nthawi zonse pamisonkhano yanyimbo m'nyumba ya mchimwene wake - ndipo anali woimba waluso, wodziwa bwino piyano ndi viola - Sergei Nikolayevich, monga mchimwene wake, adalemba nyimbo zamasewero. Zina mwa ntchito zake, ziwonetsero zimawonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa moyo wamakono wa ku Russia, zomwe zinali zachilendo komanso zopita patsogolo panthawiyo. Awa ndi ballet "New Werther" (yomwe inakonzedwa ndi I. Valberkh mu 1799 ku St. sewero la A. Shakhovsky "Peasants, or Meeting of the Unnivited" (lolembedwa mu 1814 ku St. Petersburg), lomwe limafotokoza za kulimbana kwa anthu omenyana ndi nkhondo ya Napoleon. Nyimbo za ballet zimagwirizana ndi chiwembu chake, chomwe chimatiuza za momwe anthu wamba amamvera. Sewero la vaudeville lakuti The Peasants, kapena Msonkhano wa Anthu Osaitanidwa, mofanana ndi mtundu wanyimbo wapanthaŵiyo, umamangidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zachikunja ndi zachikondi. Ana a AN Titov - Nikolai ndi Mikhail, - komanso mwana wa SN Titov - Nikolai - adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia monga "apainiya" a chikondi cha ku Russia (B. Asafiev). Ntchito yawo inali yogwirizana kwathunthu ndi kupanga nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku mu salons of the noble intelligentsia ndi aristocracy a 1820-40s.

Kutchuka kwakukulu kunagwera pa gawo la NA Titov, mmodzi mwa olemba otchuka kwambiri a nthawi ya Pushkin. Iye anakhala moyo wake wonse mu Petersburg. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu adatumizidwa ku gulu la cadet, kenako adakulira m'masukulu angapo ogonera payekha. Anayamba kuphunzira kuimba piyano ali ndi zaka 11-12, motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi a ku Germany. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 17, kwa zaka pafupifupi theka la zaka, anali msilikali, akupuma ndi udindo wa lieutenant general mu 1867. "Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtima wake unalankhula ndikutsanulira kuchokera pansi pa moyo wake" chikondi chake choyamba. Popanda maphunziro ofunikira ofunikira, woimbayo adakakamizika kuti "pang'onopang'ono afikire chirichonse yekha", akuyang'ana pa zachikondi za ku France za F. Boildieu, Ch. Lafon ndi ena omwe amadziwika kwa iye. , kenaka kwa nthawi ndithu adaphunzira kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wachitaliyana woimba Zamboni komanso kwa Soliva yemwe adayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo. Komabe, maphunzirowa anali osakhalitsa, ndipo ambiri, KA Titov adakhalabe wolemba wodziphunzitsa yekha, woimira Russian "united dilettantism".

Mu 1820, chikondi "Solitary Pine" inasindikizidwa, yomwe inali ntchito yoyamba yofalitsidwa ya NA Titov ndipo inabweretsa kutchuka kwake. Kutchuka kwa chikondi ichi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutchulidwa kwake m'nkhani yakuti "Tatyana Borisovna ndi mphwake" kuchokera ku "Zolemba za Hunter" za I. Turgenev: zokhazikika m'moyo wa bar-estate ndi salon-aristocratic, chikondi cha Titov chimakhala, monga momwe zimakhalira. anali, moyo wodziimira mu chilengedwe ichi, amene kale anaiwala dzina lake wolemba, ndipo ngakhale molakwika amati ndi A. Varlamov.

Mu 20s. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yovina ya Titov inayamba kufalitsidwa - ma quadrilles, polkas, maguba, ma waltzes a piyano. Pakati pawo pali zidutswa za chipinda, chikhalidwe chapamtima, chomwe pang'onopang'ono chimataya kufunikira kwake ndikusandulika kukhala kachidutswa kakang'ono komanso ngakhale ntchito ya pulogalamu. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi "French" quadrille "Sins of Youth" (1824) ndi "Buku la waltzes 12" lotchedwa "Pamene ndinali wamng'ono" (1829), lomwe limasonyeza nkhani yachifundo ya chikondi chokanidwa. Zidutswa za piyano zabwino kwambiri za NA Titov zimadziwika ndi kuphweka, kuwona mtima, kuwona mtima, nyimbo, kufupi ndi chikondi chatsiku ndi tsiku cha Russia.

Mu 30s. wolembayo anakumana ndi M. Glinka ndi A. Dargomyzhsky, omwe anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito yake ndipo, malinga ndi Titov mwiniwakeyo, anamutcha "agogo achikondi cha Russia." Ubale waubwenzi unamugwirizanitsa ndi olemba I. Laskovsky ndi A. Varlamov, omwe adapereka chikondi chake "Youth adawuluka ndi nightingale ku Titov". Mu 60s. Nikolai Alekseevich nthawi zambiri ankapita ku Dargomyzhsky, yemwe sanangomupatsa malangizo a kulenga, komanso adalemba zachikondi zake "Ndikhululukireni kwa kulekana kwautali" ndi "Flower" m'mawu awiri. NA Titov anakhala zaka 75, akugwira theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1820. - tsiku lopambana la nyimbo zaku Russia. Komabe, ntchito yake imalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi mlengalenga waluso wa salons of the noble intelligentsia wa 40-XNUMXs. Polemba zachikondi, nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku ndakatulo za akatswiri osaphunzira ndakatulo, ma dilettants ngati iyeyo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, wolembayo sanadutse ndakatulo za anthu a m'nthawi yake - A. Pushkin ("Kwa Morpheus", "Mbalame") ndi M. Lermontov ("Nsonga za Phiri"). Zokonda za NA Titov nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachifundo komanso zomvera, koma pakati pawo palinso zithunzi zachikondi ndi zokonda. Kutanthauzira kwa mutu wa kusungulumwa ndi kochititsa chidwi, komwe kumachokera ku kulekanitsidwa kowawa kwachikhalidwe kuchokera kwa wokondedwa kupita kumtima wachikondi ("Vetka", "Russian Snow ku Paris") komanso kusungulumwa kwa munthu wokonda chikondi pakati pa anthu (" Pine", "Musadabwe, abwenzi") . Nyimbo za Titov zimasiyanitsidwa ndi melodiousness, chikondi chenicheni, ndi malingaliro obisika a ndakatulo. Mwa iwo, m'mawonekedwe awo apachiyambi, akadali opanda ungwiro komanso opanda ungwiro, amamera makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a mawu achi Russia, mawonekedwe a nyimbo, nthawi zina kuyembekezera kumveka kwa chikondi cha Glinka, mitundu yotsatizana, chilakolako chowonetsera maganizo. za chikondi mu gawo la piyano, amapangidwa.

Peru NA Titov ali ndi zibwenzi zopitilira 60 m'malemba achi Russia ndi Chifalansa, zovina zopitilira 30 za piyano, komanso magule a orchestra (2 waltzes, quadrille). Amadziwikanso kuti analemba ndakatulo: ena mwa iwo anapanga maziko a chikondi chake ("Ah, ndiuzeni, anthu abwino", "Frenzy", "Khalani chete mtima wanu", etc.), ena anasungidwa mu kope lolembedwa pamanja. , mwanthabwala amatchedwa “Kudzoza kwanga ndi kupusa kwanga. Kudzipatulira kwa "Ana Anga", omwe amatsegula kope ili, amakoka luso la kulenga la woimba wa masewera omwe adapeza chisangalalo ndi mpumulo mu ntchito yake:

Ndani sanachite zopusa padziko pano? Wina analemba ndakatulo, wina anaphokosera zeze. Mulungu anatumiza ndakatulo ndi nyimbo kwa ine cholowa, Kuzikonda ndi moyo wanga, Ndinalemba momwe ndingathere. Ndipo kotero ndikupempha chikhululukiro Ndikaperekedwa kwa inu - mphindi zakudzoza.

Mng'ono wake NA Titov, Mikhail Alekseevich, kutsatira mwambo banja, anali mkulu mu gulu Preobrazhensky. Kuyambira 1830, atapuma pantchito, ankakhala ku Pavlovsk, kumene anamwalira ali ndi zaka 49. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti anaphunzira zolemba ndi katswiri wamaphunziro Giuliani. Mikhail Alekseevich amadziwika kuti ndi mlembi wa zolemba zachikondi ku zolemba za Chirasha ndi Chifalansa, ndi gawo lokongola la piyano komanso nyimbo yodziwika bwino, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayandikira mtundu wachikondi wankhanza ("O, ngati mumakonda choncho", "Chifukwa chiyani kodi loto lokongolalo linasowa", " Chiyembekezo "- pa nkhani ya olemba osadziwika). Kupambana kopambana kumasiyanitsa zovina zake zabwino kwambiri za piyano mu salon, zodzazidwa ndi kukhumudwa koyambilira kwa chikondi. Mapulasitiki a nyimbo zoyimba, pafupi ndi chikondi cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha ku Russia, kukonzanso, kukongola kwa maonekedwe kumawapatsa chithumwa chapadera cha luso loyeretsedwa la salons olemekezeka.

Msuweni wa NA ndi MA Titov, NS Titov, adakhala zaka 45 zokha - adamwalira ndikumwa kukhosi. Malinga ndi miyambo ya banja ili, iye anali mu usilikali - anali alonda dragoon wa Regiment Semenovsky. Mofanana ndi asuweni ake, iye anali wopeka wamba ndipo ankapeka zachikondi. Pamodzi ndi zofanana zambiri, ntchito yake yachikondi ilinso ndi mawonekedwe akeake. Mosiyana ndi NA Titov, ndi mtima wake wachifundo ndi kuphweka, Nikolai Sergeevich ali ndi pabwalo kwambiri, kamvekedwe wolemekezeka woganizira. Nthawi yomweyo, adakokera kwambiri mitu yachikondi ndi zithunzi. Sanakopeke kwambiri ndi ndakatulo za anthu osaphunzira, ndipo ankakonda ndakatulo za V. Zhukovsky. E. Baratynsky, ndipo koposa zonse - A. Pushkin. Pofuna kuwonetsa molondola zomwe zili ndi nyimbo za ndakatulo, adayesa nthawi zonse m'munda wa rhythm intonation, mawonekedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, zachikondi zowonetsera nyimbo. Zokonda zake zimadziwika ndi chikhumbo chakukula kosalekeza, kufananiza mitundu ya dzina lomwelo, ndi kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwa ma tonali. Chochititsa chidwi, ngakhale kupanda ungwiro kwa thupi, ndi lingaliro la chikondi "mu magawo atatu" pa St. Baratynsky "Kupatukana - Kudikirira - Kubwerera", komwe ndi kuyesa kupanga gawo la magawo atatu mwa chitukuko motengera kusintha kwa malingaliro a ngwazi yanyimbo. Zina mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za NS Titov ndi zachikondi za Pushkin "The Tempest", "The Singer", "Serenade", "The Fountain of the Bakhchisarai Palace", momwe zimasiyanirana ndi chidwi chachikhalidwe pakupanga mawu omveka bwino. chithunzi choganizira.

Ntchito za abale HA, MA ndi NS Titovs ndizofanana ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za luso la masewera achi Russia a nthawi ya Pushkin. M'zokondana zawo, mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso njira zowonetsera nyimbo za mawu aku Russia zidapangidwa, ndipo m'mavina ang'onoang'ono, ndi ndakatulo zawo zobisika komanso chikhumbo chofuna kupanga zithunzi, njira idafotokozedwa kuchokera kumasewera atsiku ndi tsiku omwe amafunikira kuwonekera ndikukula kwa mapulogalamu. mitundu ya nyimbo za piyano zaku Russia.

T. Korzhenyants