André Jolivet |

André Jolivet

Ndikufuna kubwezera nyimbo ku tanthauzo lake lakale, pamene chinali chisonyezero cha zamatsenga ndi zamatsenga zachipembedzo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa anthu. A. Zholyve

Wolemba nyimbo wamakono wa ku France A. Jolivet ananena kuti amayesetsa “kukhala munthu weniweni wa chilengedwe chonse, munthu wa mlengalenga.” Iye ankawona nyimbo ngati mphamvu yamatsenga yomwe imakhudza anthu mwamatsenga. Kuti apititse patsogolo izi, Jolivet nthawi zonse ankafunafuna zosakaniza zachilendo za timbre. Izi zikhoza kukhala mitundu yachilendo ndi nyimbo za anthu a ku Africa, Asia ndi Oceania, zotsatira za sonorous (pamene phokoso limakhudza mtundu wake popanda kusiyanitsa bwino pakati pa matani amtundu uliwonse) ndi njira zina.

Dzina la Jolivet linkawonekera pa nyimbo zapakati pa zaka za m'ma 30, pamene adachita monga membala wa gulu la Young France (1936), lomwe linaphatikizapo O. Messiaen, I. Baudrier ndi D. Lesure. Olemba awa adayitana kuti pakhale "nyimbo zamoyo" zodzaza ndi "kutentha kwauzimu", amalota za "umunthu watsopano" ndi "chikondi chatsopano" (chomwe chinali chochita chidwi ndi chidwi ndi constructivism mu 20s). Mu 1939, chitaganyacho chinatha, ndipo aliyense wa mamembala ake anapita njira yake, kukhalabe wokhulupirika ku malingaliro a unyamata. Jolivet anabadwira m'banja loimba (amayi ake anali woimba piyano wabwino). Anaphunzira zoyambira ndi P. Le Flem, ndiyeno - ndi E. Varèse (1929-33) mu zida. Kuchokera kwa Varèse, kholo la sonor ndi nyimbo zamagetsi, Jolivet amakonda kuyesa zomveka bwino m'njira zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake monga wolemba nyimbo, Jolivet anali ndi lingaliro la "kudziwa tanthauzo la" matsenga odabwitsa a nyimbo. Umu ndi momwe anaonekera kuzungulira kwa zidutswa za piyano "Mana" (1935). Mawu akuti "mana" m'chinenero chimodzi cha ku Africa amatanthauza mphamvu yodabwitsa yomwe imakhala muzinthu. Mzerewu unapitilizidwa ndi "Incantations" ya chitoliro chokha, "Ritual Dances" kwa okhestra, "Symphony of Dances ndi Delphic Suite" ya mkuwa, mafunde a Martenot, zeze ndi nyimbo. Jolivet nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a Martenot - opangidwa m'ma 20s. chida choimbira chamagetsi chomwe chimatulutsa zosalala, ngati zomveka zosamveka.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Jolivet adasonkhanitsidwa ndipo adakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka m'gulu lankhondo. Zomwe zinkachitika pa nthawi ya nkhondo zinapangitsa kuti "Madandaulo Atatu a msilikali" - ntchito yoimba m'chipinda pa ndakatulo zake (Jolivet anali ndi talente yabwino kwambiri yolemba mabuku ndipo ngakhale anazengereza paunyamata wake kuti ndi luso liti lomwe angakonde). 40s - nthawi ya kusintha kwa kalembedwe ka Jolivet. Piano Woyamba Sonata (1945), woperekedwa kwa woimba wa ku Hungary B. Bartok, amasiyana ndi "zolemba" zoyambirira za mphamvu ndi kumveka bwino kwa nyimbo. Kuzungulira kwamitundu kukukulirakulira pano ndi opera ("Dolores, kapena Chozizwitsa cha Mkazi Woyipa"), ndi ma ballet 4. Opambana a iwo, "Guignol ndi Pandora" (1944), amadzutsa mzimu wa zidole zachikale. Jolivet amalemba 3 symphonies, orchestral suites ("Transoceanic" ndi "French"), koma mtundu wake wokonda kwambiri mu 40-60s. inali konsati. Mndandanda wa zida zoimbira pawokha pama concerto a Jolivet okha umanena za kusaka mosatopa kwa mawu a timbre. Jolivet analemba concerto yake yoyamba ya mafunde ndi Martenot ndi orchestra (1947). Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi ma concerto a lipenga (2), chitoliro, piyano, zeze, bassoon, cello ( Second Cello Concerto imaperekedwa kwa M. Rostropovich). Palinso konsati kumene zida zoimbira paokha! Mu Concerto Yachiwiri ya lipenga ndi orchestra, kuyimba kwa jazi kumamveka, ndipo mu konsati ya piyano, limodzi ndi jazi, mawu omveka a nyimbo za ku Africa ndi Polynesia zimamveka. Olemba nyimbo ambiri achifalansa (C. Debussy, A. Roussel, O. Messiaen) ankakhulupirira zikhalidwe zachilendo. Koma n'zokayikitsa kuti aliyense angafanane ndi Jolivet pa nthawi ya chidwi ichi, n'zotheka kumutcha "Gauguin mu nyimbo."

Zochita za Jolivet ngati woimba ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali (1945-59) anali wotsogolera nyimbo wa Paris Theatre Comedie Francaise; pazaka zambiri adapanga nyimbo zamasewera a 13 (pakati pawo "The Imaginary Sick" lolemba JB Moliere, "Iphigenia ku Aulis" ndi Euripides). Monga wochititsa, Jolivet anachita m'mayiko ambiri a dziko ndipo mobwerezabwereza anapita USSR. Luso lake lolemba linadziwonetsera m'buku lonena za L. Beethoven (1955); nthawi zonse amayesetsa kulankhula ndi anthu, Jolivet anachita monga lecturer ndi mtolankhani, anali mlangizi waukulu pa nkhani nyimbo French Utumiki wa Culture.

M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake Jolivet anadzipereka kwa pedagogy. Kuyambira 1966 mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, wolembayo ali ndi udindo wa pulofesa ku Paris Conservatory, kumene amaphunzitsa kalasi yolemba nyimbo.

Polankhula za nyimbo ndi mphamvu zake zamatsenga, Jolivet amayang'ana kwambiri kulankhulana, mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe chonse: "Nyimbo makamaka ndi njira yolankhulirana ... Kulankhulana pakati pa woimba ndi chilengedwe ... panthawi yopanga ntchito, ndiyeno kuyankhulana pakati pa woimba ndi anthu pa nthawi yomwe ntchito ikugwira ntchito ". Wolembayo adatha kukwaniritsa mgwirizano woterewu mu imodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu kwambiri - oratorio "Choonadi cha Jeanne". Izo zinachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1956 (zaka 500 pambuyo mlandu kuti ufulu Joan wa Arc) m'dziko la heroine - m'mudzi wa Domremy. Jolivet anagwiritsa ntchito malemba a ndondomeko za ndondomekoyi, komanso ndakatulo za olemba ndakatulo akale (kuphatikizapo Charles wa Orleans). Oratorioyo idachitika osati mu holo yamakonsati, koma panja, pamaso pa anthu masauzande angapo.

K. Zenkin