Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Chigwirizano chimodzi - dziko losinthika ... Liwu la mtundu uliwonse liyenera kumveka mu polyphony ya dziko lapansi, ndipo izi ndi zotheka ngati wojambula - wolemba, wojambula, wolemba nyimbo - akufotokoza maganizo ake ndi malingaliro ake m'chinenero chake chophiphiritsa. Wojambula akamakula kwambiri m'pamenenso amakhala munthu payekha. A. Eshpay

Munjira zambiri, mbiri ya wojambulayo idakonzeratu kukhudza kolemekeza koyambirira mu zaluso. Bambo a wolemba nyimboyo, Y. Eshpay, mmodzi mwa anthu amene anayambitsa nyimbo zaluso za Mari, anaphunzitsa mwana wake kuti azikonda zojambulajambula za anthu ndi ntchito yake yodzipereka. Malinga ndi kunena kwa A. Eshpay, “Abambo anali ofunika, akuzama, anzeru ndi osamala, odzichepetsa kwambiri—woimba weniweni wokhoza kudzimana. Popeza anali wodziwa kwambiri nthano za anthu, ankaoneka kuti wasiya kukhala wolemba mabuku, poona ntchito yake yofotokozera anthu kukongola ndi kukongola kwa maganizo a anthu. Iye anazindikira kuti zinali zosatheka kuti agwirizane ndi sikelo Mari pentatonic ... kwa wina aliyense zogwirizana ndi paokha, koma mlendo luso wowerengeka. Nthawi zonse ndimatha kuzindikira choyambirira kuchokera ku ntchito za abambo anga.

A. Eshpay kuyambira ali mwana anatengera nthano za anthu osiyanasiyana a m’chigawo cha Volga, chigawo chonse cha chigawo chankhanza cha Ugric. Nkhondoyo inakhala mutu wapadera womvetsa chisoni m'moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba - adataya mchimwene wake wamkulu, yemwe kukumbukira kwake kumaperekedwa ku nyimbo yokongola "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), abwenzi. Mu gulu lachidziwitso, Eshpay adachita nawo kumasulidwa kwa Warsaw, mu ntchito ya Berlin. Maphunziro a nyimbo omwe anasokonezedwa ndi nkhondo anayambiranso ku Moscow Conservatory, kumene Eshpay anaphunzira nyimbo ndi N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev ndi piano ndi V. Sofronitsky. Anamaliza maphunziro ake apamwamba motsogozedwa ndi A. Khachaturian mu 1956.

Panthawiyi, Mavinidwe a Symphonic pa Mari Themes (1951), Nyimbo za Chihangare za violin ndi okhestra (1952), Concerto Yoyamba ya Piano (1954, kope lachiwiri - 2), Concerto Yoyamba ya Violin (1987). Ntchito zimenezi zinabweretsa kutchuka kwakukulu kwa wolemba, anatsegula mitu yaikulu ya ntchito yake, mwachidwi anatsutsa malangizo a aphunzitsi ake. Ndi khalidwe kuti Khachaturian, amene anaika mwa iye, malinga ndi wopeka, "kukoma sikelo", makamaka anakhudza maganizo Eshpai za konsati mtundu wanyimbo.

Chodziwika kwambiri ndi Concerto Yoyamba ya Violin yokhala ndi kuphulika kwaukali, kutsitsimuka, kufulumira pofotokozera zakukhosi, kukopa anthu komanso mawu amtundu. Eshpay nayenso ali pafupi ndi Khachaturian ndi chikondi chake cha kalembedwe ka M. Ravel, chomwe chinatchulidwa makamaka mu ntchito yake ya piano (First Piano Concerto, First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Kugwirizana, kutsitsimuka, kupatsirana kwamalingaliro ndi kuwolowa manja kwamitundu kumagwirizanitsa ambuyewa.

Mutu wa Myaskovsky ndi gawo lapadera la ntchito ya Eshpay. Makhalidwe abwino, chithunzi chenicheni cha woyimba wodziwika bwino wa Soviet, wosunga zowona komanso wokonzanso miyambo, adakhala abwino kwa otsatira ake. Wolembayo amakhalabe wokhulupirika ku lamulo la Myaskovsky: "kukhala woona mtima, wodzipereka pa luso ndi kutsogolera mzere wako." Ntchito za Chikumbutso pokumbukira Myaskovsky zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la mphunzitsi: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Kusiyana kwa Orchestra pa Mutu wa Myaskovsky's Sixteenth Symphony (1966), Second Violin Concerto (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88), momwe zida za limba Passacaglia zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chikoka cha Myaskovsky pa khalidwe la Eshpay pa chikhalidwe cha anthu chinali chofunika kwambiri: kutsatira mphunzitsi wake, wolembayo anafika kutanthauzira kophiphiritsa kwa nyimbo za anthu, kugwirizanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe. Dzina la Myaskovsky limagwirizananso ndi chidwi ndi mwambo wina wofunika kwambiri wa Eshpay, womwe umabwerezedwa muzolemba zambiri, kuyambira ndi ballet "Circle" ( "Kumbukirani!" - 1979), - Znamenny kuimba. Choyamba, mu Chachinai (1980), Chachisanu (1986), Chachisanu ndi chimodzi ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) chimapanga munthu, choyamba, chogwirizana, chowunikira, ethos, chikhalidwe choyambirira cha Kudzidalira kwadziko, mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chikhalidwe cha ku Russia. Kufunika kwapadera kumapeza mutu wina wofunikira mu ntchito ya Eshpay - lyrical. Zokhazikika pamwambo, sizimasanduka kusagwirizana kwaumwini, makhalidwe ake osasunthika amatsindika kudziletsa ndi kukhwima, kuwonetsetsa m'mawu, ndi nthawi zambiri kugwirizana kwachindunji ndi miyambo ya anthu.

Yankho la mutu wankhondo, mitundu ya chikumbutso, kukopa kosintha zochitika - kaya ndi nkhondo, masiku osaiwalika a mbiri yakale - ndizodabwitsa, ndipo mawu amakhalapo nthawi zonse pakumvetsetsa kwawo. Ntchito zotere monga First (1959), Second (1962) symphonies, zodzaza ndi kuwala (epigraph of the First - mawu a V. Mayakovsky "Tiyenera kusokoneza chimwemwe kuchokera m'masiku akubwera", epigraph of the Second - "Praise Kuwala"), cantata "Lenin nafe" (1968), yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha kukopa kwake ngati chithunzi, kuwala kowoneka bwino m'mawu komanso nthawi yomweyo malo abwino kwambiri anyimbo, adayika maziko a kusakanikirana koyambirira kwa stylistic. oratorical ndi mawu, cholinga ndi munthu, zofunika kwa ntchito zazikulu za wolemba. Mgwirizano wa "kulira ndi ulemerero, chifundo ndi matamando" (D. Likhachev), chofunikira kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha ku Russia chakale, chikupitilizidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi Third Symphony (Mu Memory of My Father, 1964), Violin Yachiwiri ndi Viola Concerto, mtundu wamtundu waukulu - Symphonies Yachinayi, Yachisanu ndi Yachisanu ndi chimodzi, Concerto yakwaya. Kwa zaka zambiri, tanthawuzo la mutu wanyimbo umapeza zizindikiro zophiphiritsira ndi filosofi, kuyeretsedwa kowonjezereka kuchokera ku chirichonse chakunja, chokhazikika-chapamwamba, chikumbutsocho chimavekedwa ngati fanizo. Ndikofunikira kusintha mutu wanyimbo kuchoka ku nthano zongopeka komanso nkhani zachikondi mu ballet Angara (1975) kupita ku chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha gulu lochenjeza la ballet (Kumbukirani!). Kufunika kwapadziko lonse kwa ntchito-kudzipereka kodzala ndi zomvetsa chisoni, nthawi zina tanthauzo lachisoni kumawonekera kwambiri. Lingaliro lokwezeka la kusamvana kwa dziko lamakono komanso kukhudzidwa kwa luso lazojambula pamtunduwu zimagwirizana ndi udindo wa wolemba ku cholowa ndi chikhalidwe. Chofunikira kwambiri pazithunzi ndi "Nyimbo za Paphiri ndi Meadow Mari" (1983). Izi, pamodzi ndi Concerto for oboe ndi orchestra (1982), adalandira Mphotho ya Lenin.

Objective-lyrical intonation ndi "kwaya" amamveka kutanthauzira mtundu wa konsati, womwe umaphatikizapo mfundo yaumwini. Kufotokozedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana - chikumbutso, zochitika zosinkhasinkha, mumasewero a nthano, popempha chitsanzo choganiziridwanso cha concerto grosso yakale, mutuwu umatetezedwa nthawi zonse ndi wolemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mu nyimbo za konsati, monga nyimbo zina, wopeka akupanga motifs osewerera, zikondwerero, zisudzo, kuwala mtundu, ndi kulimba mtima mphamvu mungoli. Izi zimawonekera makamaka mu Concerto for Orchestra (1966), Second Piano (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, ndi Concerto for Saxophone (1985-86) angatchedwe "chithunzi cha improvisation". "Chigwirizano chimodzi - dziko losintha" - mawu awa ochokera ku ballet "Circle" akhoza kukhala epigraph ku ntchito ya mbuye. Kusamutsidwa kwa mgwirizano, chikondwerero mumkangano ndi dziko lovuta ndilolunjika kwa wolemba.

Nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonetsa mutu wa miyambo, Eshpay amatembenukira ku zatsopano komanso zosadziwika. Kuphatikizika kwa organic kwa chikhalidwe ndi zatsopano kumachokera pamalingaliro a momwe amapangira komanso ntchito ya wolembayo. Kukula ndi kumasuka pakumvetsetsa ntchito zopanga zimawonekera m'njira yomwe imatengera mtundu wa zinthu. Zimadziwika kuti mutu wa jazi ndi mawu amakhala ndi malo apadera mu ntchito ya wolembayo. Jazz kwa iye ndi njira ina yosamalira nyimbo, komanso nthano. Wolembayo anamvetsera kwambiri nyimbo ya misa ndi mavuto ake, nyimbo zopepuka, luso la filimu, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri pazochitika zazikulu komanso zowonetseratu, gwero la malingaliro odziimira. Dziko la nyimbo ndi zenizeni zamoyo zimawonekera mu chiyanjano cha organic: malinga ndi wolembayo, "dziko lodabwitsa la nyimbo silinatsekeke, osati lapadera, koma ndi gawo la chilengedwe chonse, chomwe dzina lake ndi moyo."

M. Lobanova