Vano Ilyich Muradeli (Vano Muradeli) |

Vano Muradelli

"Art ayenera generalize, ayenera kusonyeza khalidwe kwambiri ndi mmene moyo wathu" - mfundo imeneyi V. Muradeli mosalekeza kutsatira ntchito yake. Wolembayo adagwira ntchito m'mitundu yambiri. Zina mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndi 2 symphonies, 2 operas, 2 operettas, 16 cantatas ndi makwaya, oposa 50. nyimbo zomveka za chipinda, nyimbo za 300, nyimbo za masewero 19 ndi mafilimu 12.

Muradov banja anasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo kwambiri. “Nthaŵi zachisangalalo koposa m’moyo wanga,” Muradeli akukumbukira motero, “inali madzulo opanda phokoso pamene makolo anga anakhala pafupi nane ndi kuyimbira anafe. Vanya Muradov ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo. Anaphunzira kuimba mandolin, gitala, ndipo kenako piyano ndi khutu. Anayesa kupanga nyimbo. Ndikulota kulowa sukulu ya nyimbo, Ivan Muradov wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri amapita ku Tbilisi. Chifukwa cha mwayi wokumana ndi wotsogolera filimu ndi wojambula wotchuka wa Soviet M. Chiaureli, yemwe adayamikira luso lapadera la mnyamatayo, mawu ake okongola, Muradov adalowa mu sukulu ya nyimbo m'kalasi yoimba. Koma izi sizinali zokwanira kwa iye. Nthawi zonse ankaona kufunikira kwakukulu kwa maphunziro apamwamba pakupanga. Ndipo kachiwiri mwayi wopuma! Atamvetsera nyimbo zopeka ndi Muradov, mkulu wa sukulu yoimba nyimbo a K. Shotniev anavomera kuti amukonzekere kukalowa ku Tbilisi Conservatory. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Ivan Muradov anakhala wophunzira ku Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira nyimbo ndi S. Barkhudaryan ndi kuchita ndi M. Bagrinovsky. 3 zaka pambuyo maphunziro a Conservatory Muradov amathera pafupifupi ku zisudzo. Amalemba nyimbo za zisudzo za Tbilisi Drama Theatre, komanso amachita bwino ngati wosewera. Zinali ndi ntchito mu zisudzo kusintha kwa wosewera wamng'ono dzina lachibale - m'malo "Ivan Muradov" pa zikwangwani anaonekera dzina latsopano: "Vano Muradeli".

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Muradeli sakukhutira kwambiri ndi zomwe adalemba. Maloto ake ndi kulemba symphony! Ndipo anaganiza zopitiriza maphunziro ake. Kuyambira 1934, Muradeli anali wophunzira wa Moscow Conservatory m'kalasi la B. Shekhter, ndiye N. Myaskovsky. Schechter anakumbukira kuti: “Mmene luso la wophunzira wanga watsopano linachita, ndinakopeka makamaka ndi kamvekedwe ka nyimbo, kamene kanayambira m’chikhalidwe cha anthu, chiyambi cha nyimbo, maganizo, kuona mtima ndi kudzidzimuka.” Kumapeto kwa Conservatory, Muradeli analemba "Symphony pokumbukira SM Kirov" (1938), ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mutu wa boma wakhala kutsogolera ntchito yake.

Mu 1940, Muradeli anayamba ntchito ya opera The Extraordinary Commissar (yomasuliridwa. G. Mdivani) yonena za nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku North Caucasus. Wolemba nyimboyo adapereka ntchitoyi kwa S. Ordzhonikidze. Wailesi ya All-Union idawulutsa gawo limodzi la opera. Kubuka kwadzidzidzi kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lako kunasokoneza ntchito. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a nkhondo, Muradeli anapita ndi gulu la konsati ku North-Western Front. Pakati pa nyimbo zake zosonyeza kukonda dziko lako za m’zaka za nkhondo, zotsatirazi zinaonekera kwambiri: “Tidzagonjetsa Anazi” ( Art. S. Alymov ); "Kwa mdani, kwa Motherland, patsogolo!" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach); "Nyimbo ya Dovorets" (Art. I. Karamzin). Analembanso maulendo a 1 a gulu la mkuwa: "March of the Militia" ndi "Black Sea March". Mu 2, Symphony Yachiwiri inatha, yoperekedwa kwa omasula asilikali a Soviet.

Nyimboyi ili ndi malo apadera mu ntchito ya wolemba wa zaka pambuyo pa nkhondo. "The Party ndi helmsman wathu" (Art. S. Mikhalkov), "Russia ndi Mayi anga", "March wa Achinyamata a Padziko Lonse" ndi "Song of the Fighters for Peace" (onse pa siteshoni V. Kharitonov), " Nyimbo ya ophunzira a International Union "(Art. L. Oshanina) ndipo makamaka "alamu ya Buchenwald" yozama kwambiri (Art. A. Sobolev). Zinamveka mpaka malire "Tetezani dziko lapansi!"

Nkhondo itatha, woimbayo anayambiranso ntchito yake yosokonezedwa pa opera yotchedwa The Extraordinary Commissar. Kuyamba kwake pansi pa mutu wakuti "Great Friendship" kunachitika ku Bolshoi Theatre pa November 7, 1947. Opera iyi yatenga malo apadera m'mbiri ya nyimbo za Soviet. Ngakhale kufunikira kwa chiwembucho (sewerolo laperekedwa kwa ubwenzi wa anthu a dziko lathu lamitundu yosiyanasiyana) komanso zomveka za nyimbo ndi kudalira nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, "Great Friendship" inatsutsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha lamulo lachigamulo. wa Komiti Yaikulu ya All-Union Communist Party ya Bolsheviks pa February 10, 1948. Pambuyo pake zaka 10 mu Lamulo la Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU "Pa Kuwongolera Zolakwa Poyesa Ma Opera" Ubwenzi Waukulu "," Bogdan Khmelnitsky "ndi ” Kuchokera Pamtima “”, kutsutsa uku kunasinthidwa, ndipo opera ya Muradeli idachitidwa mu Column Hall ya House of Unions mu sewero la konsati, ndiye silinaulutsidwe kamodzi pa All-Union Radio.

Chochitika chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa nyimbo za dziko lathu chinali opera ya Muradeli "October" (yomasulidwa ndi V. Lugovsky). Kuyamba kwake kunali kopambana pa Epulo 22, 1964 pa siteji ya Kremlin Palace of Congresses. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu opera iyi ndi chithunzi cha nyimbo cha VI Lenin. Zaka ziwiri asanamwalire, Muradeli ananena kuti: “Pakadali pano, ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito ya opera yotchedwa The Kremlin Dreamer. Ili ndilo gawo lomaliza la trilogy, magawo awiri oyambirira omwe - opera "Great Friendship" ndi "October" - amadziwika kale kwa omvera. Ndikufuna kutsiriza nyimbo yatsopano ya chikumbutso cha 2 cha kubadwa kwa Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Komabe, wopeka sanathe kumaliza seweroli. Iye analibe nthawi kuzindikira lingaliro la opera "Cosmonauts".

Mutu wachitukuko unakhazikitsidwanso mu operettas ya Muradeli: The Girl with Blue Eyes (1966) ndi Moscow-Paris-Moscow (1968). Ngakhale ntchito yaikulu kulenga, Muradeli anali munthu wosatopa pagulu: kwa zaka 11 iye anatsogolera Moscow bungwe la Union of Composers, anatenga mbali mu ntchito ya Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship ndi Mayiko okhonda. Nthawi zonse ankalankhula m'manyuzipepala komanso pamasewero osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe cha Soviet. T. Khrennikov analemba kuti: “Osati kokha pakupanga zinthu, komanso m’zochita zochezeka, “Vano Muradeli anali ndi chinsinsi cha kuyanjana ndi anthu, ankadziwa kusonkhezera anthu ambiri ndi mawu ouziridwa ndi achikondi.” Ntchito yake yosatopa idasokonezedwa ndi imfa - woimbayo adamwalira mwadzidzidzi paulendo ndi zoimbaimba za wolemba m'mizinda ya Siberia.

M. Komissarskaya