Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov |

Vladimir Rebikov

Moyo wanga wonse ndakhala ndikulota zaluso zatsopano. A. Bely

M'zaka za m'ma 1910 m'misewu ya Yalta munthu amatha kukumana ndi maonekedwe aatali, odabwitsa a munthu yemwe nthawi zonse ankayenda ndi maambulera awiri - oyera kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi wakuda kuchokera kumvula. Ameneyo anali wopeka ndi limba V. Rebikov. Atakhala ndi moyo waufupi, koma wodzaza ndi zochitika zowala ndi misonkhano, tsopano anali kufunafuna kukhala yekha ndi mtendere. Wojambula wa zilakolako zatsopano, wofunafuna "magombe atsopano", wopeka yemwe m'njira zambiri anali patsogolo pa anthu a m'nthawi yake pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakhala maziko a nyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX. mu ntchito ya A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, K. Debussy - Rebikov anakumana ndi tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la woimba wosadziwika kudziko lakwawo.

Rebikov anabadwira m'banja pafupi ndi luso (amayi ndi alongo ake anali oimba piyano). Anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Moscow University (Faculty of Philology). Anaphunzira nyimbo motsogozedwa ndi N. Klenovsky (wophunzira wa P. Tchaikovsky), ndipo adapereka zaka 3 zogwira ntchito mwakhama kuti aphunzire maziko a luso la nyimbo ku Berlin ndi Vienna motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi odziwika bwino - K. Meyerberger. (music theory), O. Yasha (instrumentation), T. Muller (piyano).

Kale mu zaka zimenezo, chidwi Rebikov pa lingaliro la chikoka onse nyimbo ndi mawu, nyimbo ndi kujambula anabadwa. Amaphunzira ndakatulo za ophiphiritsa achi Russia, makamaka V. Bryusov, ndi kujambula kwa ojambula akunja a njira yomweyo - A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klninger. Mu 1893-1901. Rebikov anaphunzitsa m'mayunivesite oimba ku Moscow, Kyiv, Odessa, Chisinau, akudziwonetsera yekha ngati mphunzitsi wowala. Iye anali woyambitsa kulengedwa kwa Society of Russian Composers (1897-1900) - gulu loyamba la oimba a ku Russia. Kwazaka khumi zoyambirira zazaka za zana la XNUMX, chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba kwambiri pakupeka ndi luso la Rebikov chikutsika. Amapereka ma concert ambiri ndi opambana kunja - ku Berlin ndi Vienna, Prague ndi Leipzig, Florence ndi Paris, amakwaniritsa kuzindikira kwa anthu otchuka oimba akunja monga C. Debussy, M. Calvocoressi, B. Kalensky, O. Nedbal, Z. Neyedly , I. Pizzetti ndi ena.

Pa gawo la Russia ndi lakunja, ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya Rebikov, sewero la "Yelka", idakonzedwa bwino. Nyuzipepala ndi magazini zimalemba ndi kukambirana za iye. Kutchuka kwakanthawi kwa Rebikov kunazimiririka m'zaka zimenezo pamene talente ya Scriabin ndi Prokofiev wamng'ono inawululidwa. Koma ngakhale apo Rebikov sanayiwale konse, monga momwe V. Nemirovich-Danchenko anali ndi chidwi ndi opera yake yatsopano, Nest of Nobles (yochokera pa buku la I. Turgenev).

Mawonekedwe a nyimbo za Rebikov (ma opera 10, ma ballet 2, maulendo ambiri a piyano ndi zidutswa, zachikondi, nyimbo za ana) ndizodzaza ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Zimasakaniza miyambo ya mawu a tsiku ndi tsiku achi Russia owona mtima komanso osasamala (zinali zopanda pake kuti P. Tchaikovsky adayankhidwa bwino kwambiri ndi nyimbo za Rebikov, yemwe adapeza mu nyimbo za woimbayo wamng'ono "talente yaikulu ... ndakatulo, zomveka bwino komanso luso lodabwitsa la nyimbo" ) ndi kulimba mtima kwatsopano. Izi zikuwonekera bwino tikayerekeza nyimbo zoyamba za Rebikov, zosavuta (piyano "Autumn Memories" yoperekedwa kwa Tchaikovsky, nyimbo za ana, opera "Yolka", ndi zina zotero) ndi ntchito zake zotsatila ("Sketches of Moods, Sound Poems, White Nyimbo" za piyano, opera Tea ndi Phompho, ndi zina zotero), momwe mawu ofotokozera amatanthawuza machitidwe atsopano a luso la zaka za m'ma 50, monga zophiphiritsira, zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula, zimawonekera. Ntchito izi ndi zatsopano mu mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi Rebikov: "melomimics, meloplastics, rhythmic recitations, masewero a nyimbo-psychographic." Cholowa chopanga cha Rebikov chimaphatikizansopo zolemba zambiri zolembedwa mwaluso pazosangalatsa zanyimbo: "Zojambula zanyimbo zomvera, Nyimbo zazaka XNUMX, Orpheus ndi Bacchantes", ndi zina zotero. ndipo ichi ndiye chofunikira chake chachikulu ku nyimbo zaku Russia.

ZA. Tompakova

Zolemba:

machitidwe (nyimbo-maganizo ndi psychographic masewero) - Mu bingu (kuchokera pa nkhani "The Forest ndi Phokoso" Korolenko, op. 5, 1893, post. 1894, City transport, Odessa), Princess Mary (kuchokera pa nkhani "The Ngwazi ya Nthawi Yathu "Lermontov, osati kumaliza.), Mtengo wa Khrisimasi (kutengera nthano ya "Mtsikana Wokhala ndi Machesi" ndi Andersen ndi nkhani yakuti "Mnyamata wa Khristu pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi" ndi Dostoevsky, op. 21, 1900, post. 1903, bizinesi ya ME Medvedev, tr "Aquarium" , Moscow; 1905, Kharkov), Tea (kuchokera palemba la ndakatulo ya dzina lomweli ndi A. Vorotnikov, op. 34, 1904), Phompho (lib. R. ., kutengera nkhani ya dzina lomweli ndi LN Andreev, op. 40, 1907), Mkazi Wokhala ndi Dagger (lib. R., yozikidwa pa nkhani yaifupi ya dzina lomweli ndi A. Schnitzler, op. 41, 1910 ), Alpha ndi Omega (lib. R., op. 42, 1911), Narcissus (lib. R., yozikidwa pa Metamorphoses “Ovid mu kumasulira kwa TL Shchepkina-Kupernik, op. 45, 1912), Arachne (lib. R., malinga ndi Ovid's Metamorphoses, op. 49, 1915), Noble Nest (lib. R., malinga ndi buku lina la IS Turgenev, op. 55, 1916), kukongola kwa ana kwa Prince Handsome ndi Princess Wonderful Charm (zaka za m'ma 1900); ballet - Snow White (yochokera pa nthano "The Snow Queen" ndi Andersen); zidutswa za piyano, kwaya; zachikondi, nyimbo za ana (ku mawu a ndakatulo Russian); makonzedwe a nyimbo za Czech ndi Slovak, etc.

Ntchito zamalemba: Orpheus ndi Bacchantes, "RMG", 1910, No1; Patapita zaka 50, ibid., 1911, No. 1-3, 6-7, 13-14, 17-19, 22-25; Nyimbo Zojambulidwa Zomveka, ibid., 1913, No 48.

Zothandizira: Karatygin VG, VI Rebikov, "M'masiku 7", 1913, No 35; Stremin M., About Rebikov, "Artistic Life", 1922, No2; Berberov R., (mawu oyamba), mu ed.: Rebikov V., Pieces for Piano, Notebook 1, M., 1968.