Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobieva |

Anna Petrova-Vorobieva

Osakhalitsa, zaka khumi ndi zitatu zokha, ntchito ya Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobyeva inatha. Koma ngakhale zaka izi zokwanira kulemba dzina lake mu mbiri ya luso Russian mu zilembo golide.

"... Anali ndi liwu lodabwitsa, lokongola komanso lamphamvu, "velvet" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (ma octave awiri ndi theka, kuchokera ku "F" yaying'ono mpaka "B-flat" octave yachiwiri), chikhalidwe champhamvu cha siteji. , anali ndi luso la mawu omveka bwino,” analemba motero Pruzhansky. "M'gawo lililonse, woyimbayo adayesetsa kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wa mawu ndi siteji."

Mmodzi mwa anthu a m’nthaŵi ya woimbayo analemba kuti: “Angotuluka kumene, tsopano muona wochita zisudzo wamkulu ndi woimba wouziridwa. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyenda kwake kulikonse, ndime iliyonse, sikelo iliyonse imadzazidwa ndi moyo, kumverera, zojambulajambula. Mawu ake amatsenga, masewero ake opanga amafunsa chimodzimodzi mu mtima wa aliyense wokonda ozizira komanso wamoto.

Anna Yakovlevna Vorobieva anabadwa pa February 14, 1817 ku St. Anamaliza maphunziro ake ku St. Petersburg Theatre School. Poyamba adaphunzira m'kalasi ya ballet ya Sh. Didlo, ndiyeno m’kalasi loimba la A. Sapienza ndi G. Lomakin. Pambuyo pake, Anna adachita bwino mu luso la mawu motsogozedwa ndi K. Kavos ndi M. Glinka.

Mu 1833, adakali wophunzira kusukulu ya zisudzo, Anna adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa siteji ya opera ndi gawo laling'ono la Pipo mu Rossini's The Thieving Magpie. Connoisseurs yomweyo anazindikira luso lake lapadera: contralto osowa mu mphamvu ndi kukongola, luso kwambiri, momveka nyimbo. Kenako, woimba wamng'ono anachita monga Ritta ("Tsampa, wakuba m'nyanja, kapena Marble Mkwatibwi").

Panthawi imeneyo, siteji yachifumu inali pafupi kuperekedwa kwa opera ya ku Italy, ndipo woimbayo sakanatha kuwulula talente yake. Ngakhale kuti anachita bwino, atamaliza maphunziro ake ku koleji, Anna anasankhidwa ndi mkulu wa Imperial Theaters A. Gedeonov ku kwaya ya St. Petersburg Opera. Panthawi imeneyi, Vorobyeva nawo masewero, vaudeville, divertissement zosiyanasiyana, anachita mu zoimbaimba ndi masewero a Spanish ndi zachikondi. Koma chifukwa cha khama K. Cavos, amene anayamikira mawu ndi siteji luso la wojambula wamng'ono, iye anali ndi mwayi kuchita pa January 30, 1835 monga Arzache, kenako analembetsa soloist wa St. Petersburg Opera. .

Atakhala soloist, Vorobieva anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo za "belkanto" - makamaka zisudzo za Rossini ndi Bellini. Koma kenako panachitika chinthu chimene chinasintha mwadzidzidzi tsoka lake. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, yemwe anayamba ntchito pa opera yake yoyamba, anasiyanitsa awiri mwa oimba ambiri a opera ya ku Russia ndi maso osadziwika komanso ozama a wojambulayo, ndipo anawasankha kuti azichita mbali zazikulu za opera yamtsogolo. Ndipo osati osankhidwa okha, komanso adayamba kuwakonzekeretsa kuti akwaniritse ntchito yodalirika.

“Ojambulawo anaimba nane mbali mwachangu,” iye anakumbukira motero pambuyo pake. "Petrova (omwe akadali Vorobyova), wojambula waluso kwambiri, nthawi zonse amandifunsa kuti ndimuyimbire nyimbo zonse zatsopano kawiri, kachitatu adayimba kale mawu ndi nyimbo ndikuzidziwa pamtima ... "

Chilakolako cha woimba pa nyimbo za Glinka chinakula. Mwachiwonekere, ngakhale ndiye wolembayo adakhutira ndi kupambana kwake. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1836, anali atalemba kale gulu la anthu atatu ndi kwaya, "Aa, osati kwa ine, osauka, mphepo yamphamvu," m'mawu ake omwe, "poganizira za njira ndi luso la anthu. Mayi Vorobyeva.”

Pa April 8, 1836, woimbayo adachita ngati kapolo mu sewero la "Moldavian Gypsy, kapena Gold and Dagger" la K. Bakhturin, kumene kumayambiriro kwa chithunzi chachitatu adachita aria ndi kwaya yaakazi yolembedwa ndi Glinka.

Posakhalitsa kunachitika koyamba kwa opera yoyamba ya Glinka, mbiri ya nyimbo zaku Russia. VV Stasov analemba zambiri pambuyo pake:

Pa Novembara 27, 1836, opera ya Glinka "Susanin" idaperekedwa koyamba ...

Zisudzo Susanin anali mndandanda wa zikondwerero kwa Glinka, komanso oimba awiri akuluakulu: Osip Afanasevich Petrov, amene ankaimba udindo wa Susanin, ndi Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva, amene ankaimba udindo wa Vanya. Wotsirizira uyu anali adakali msungwana wamng'ono kwambiri, chaka chimodzi chokha kuchokera ku sukulu ya zisudzo ndipo mpaka maonekedwe a Susanin akutsutsa kukwawa mu kwaya, ngakhale mawu ake odabwitsa ndi luso lake. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zisudzo zatsopano za opera yatsopano, ojambula onsewa adakwera mpaka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe mpaka pamenepo palibe aliyense wa oimba athu adafikapo. Panthawiyi, mawu a Petrov anali atalandira chitukuko chake chonse ndipo anakhala "bass yamphamvu" yomwe Glinka amalankhula mu zolemba zake. Mawu a Vorobieva anali amodzi mwa contraltos odabwitsa kwambiri, odabwitsa ku Ulaya konse: voliyumu, kukongola, mphamvu, kufewa - zonse zomwe zili mmenemo zinadabwitsa omvera ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi chithumwa chosatsutsika. Koma makhalidwe aluso a ojambula onsewa adasiya kumbuyo kumveka bwino kwa mawu awo.

Zochititsa chidwi, zakuya, zowona mtima, zomwe zimatha kufikira njira zodabwitsa, kuphweka ndi choonadi, kudzipereka - ndizomwe zinaika Petrov ndi Vorobyova pamalo oyamba pakati pa oimba athu ndikupangitsa kuti anthu a ku Russia apite m'magulu a anthu kukasewera "Ivan Susanin". Glinka mwiniwake nthawi yomweyo anayamikira ulemu wonse wa oimba awiriwa ndipo mwachifundo anatenga maphunziro awo apamwamba a luso. N'zosavuta kuganiza kuti luso, luso kale, luso kale luso mwachirengedwe anayenera kupita patsogolo, pamene wopeka waluntha mwadzidzidzi anakhala mtsogoleri wawo, mlangizi ndi mphunzitsi.

Atangomaliza ntchito imeneyi, mu 1837, Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva anakhala mkazi wa Petrov. Glinka anapatsa okwatirana kumenewo mphatso yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe wojambulayo amafotokozera m'mabuku ake:

"Mu Seputembala, Osip Afanasyevich adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi lingaliro la zomwe angamupatse ngati phindu lomwe likukonzekera pa Okutobala 18. M'chilimwe, pa ntchito zaukwati, adayiwalatu za tsikuli. M'masiku amenewo ... wojambula aliyense amayenera kudzipangira yekha sewerolo, koma ngati sanabwere ndi china chatsopano, koma sanafune kupereka chakale, ndiye kuti anali pachiwopsezo chotaya ntchito yopindulitsa (yomwe ine. zinandichitikira ndekha), amenewo ndiye anali malamulo. October 18 sali kutali, tiyenera kusankha pa chinachake. Kutanthauzira motere, tinafika pomaliza: kodi Glinka angavomereze kuwonjezera chithunzi china cha Vanya ku opera yake. Mu Act 3, Susanin amatumiza Vanya ku khoti la manor, ndiye zingatheke kuwonjezera momwe Vanya amathamangira kumeneko?

Mwamuna wanga nthawi yomweyo anapita kwa Nestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik kutiuza za lingaliro lathu. Wochita zidoleyo anamvetsera mwatcheru kwambiri, ndipo anati: “Bwera, mbale, madzulo, Misha adzakhala nane lero, ndipo tidzakambirana. Pa 8 koloko madzulo Osip Afanasyevich anapita kumeneko. Amalowa, akuwona kuti Glinka atakhala pa piano ndikung'ung'uza chinachake, ndipo Wosewera akuyenda mozungulira chipinda ndikung'ung'udza chinachake. Zikuoneka kuti Puppeteer wapanga kale dongosolo la zochitika zatsopano, mawu ali pafupi okonzeka, ndipo Glinka akusewera zongopeka. Onse awiri adagwira lingaliro ili mosangalala ndipo adalimbikitsa Osip Afanasyevich kuti sitejiyi ikhala yokonzeka pofika pa 18 October.

Tsiku lotsatira, 9 koloko m'mawa, kuitana kwamphamvu kumamveka; Sindinadzukebe, chabwino, ndikuganiza, ndani yemwe wabwera molawirira chonchi? Mwadzidzidzi wina akugogoda pachitseko cha chipinda changa, ndipo ndikumva mawu a Glinka:

- Dona, nyamukani mwachangu, ndabweretsa aria yatsopano!

Mu mphindi khumi ndinali wokonzeka. Ndimatuluka, ndipo Glinka wakhala kale pa piyano ndikuwonetsa Osip Afanasyevich chochitika chatsopano. Mmodzi akhoza kulingalira kudabwa kwanga pamene ndinamva iye ndipo anali wotsimikiza kuti siteji anali pafupifupi okonzeka, mwachitsanzo onse recitatives, andante ndi allegro. Ndinangozizira. Kodi anali ndi nthawi yoti alembe liti? Dzulo tinali kulankhula za iye! "Chabwino, Mikhail Ivanovich," ndimati, "ndiwe wamatsenga." Ndipo amangomwetulira monyengerera ndikundiuza kuti:

- Ine, mbuye, ndakubweretserani zolemba, kuti mutha kuyesa ndi mawu komanso ngati zidalembedwa mwaluso.

Ndinaimba ndipo ndinapeza kuti mwanzeru komanso mwamawu. Pambuyo pake, iye anachoka, koma analonjeza kutumiza aria posachedwapa, ndi orchestrate siteji ndi chiyambi cha October. Pa October 18, ntchito yopindula ya Osip Afanasyevich inali opera A Life for the Tsar yokhala ndi zochitika zina, zomwe zinali zopambana kwambiri; ambiri amatcha wolemba ndi wojambula. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chiwonetsero chowonjezerachi chakhala gawo la opera, ndipo mu mawonekedwe awa akuchitidwa mpaka lero.

Zaka zingapo zinadutsa, ndipo woimba woyamikirayo anatha kuthokoza mokwanira wopindula wake. Izo zinachitika mu 1842, mu November masiku amenewo, pamene opera Ruslan ndi Lyudmila anaimbidwa koyamba ku St. Pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ndi sewero lachiwiri, chifukwa cha matenda Anna Yakovlevna, gawo la Ratmir anachita ndi wamng'ono ndi wosadziwa woimba Petrova, dzina lake. Anaimba mwamanyazi, ndipo m'njira zambiri, opera inalandiridwa mozizira kwambiri. Glinka analemba m’nkhani yake kuti: “Petrova wamkulu kwambiri anaonekera pachiwonetsero chachitatu, iye anachita sewero lachitatu mosangalala kwambiri moti anasangalatsa omvera. Kuwomba m'manja mokweza komanso kwanthawi yayitali kunayamba kundiitana ine, kenako Petrova. Kuyimba uku kunapitilira ziwonetsero 17 ... "Tikuwonjezera kuti, malinga ndi manyuzipepala a nthawiyo, woimbayo nthawi zina amakakamizika kuti aziimba nyimbo za Ratmir katatu.

VV Stasov analemba kuti:

"Maudindo ake akuluakulu, pazaka 10 za ntchito yake, kuyambira 1835 mpaka 1845, anali m'masewera otsatirawa: Ivan Susanin, Ruslan ndi Lyudmila - Glinka; "Semiramide", "Tancred", "Count Ori", "The Thieving Magpie" - Rossini; "Montagues ndi Capulets", "Norma" - Bellini; "Kuzingidwa kwa Calais" - Donizetti; "Teobaldo ndi Isolina" - Morlacchi; "Tsampa" - Herold. Mu 1840, iye, pamodzi ndi Pasta wotchuka, wanzeru wa ku Italy, adachita "Montagues ndi Capuleti" ndipo adatsogolera omvera ku chisangalalo chosaneneka ndi machitidwe ake okhudzidwa, omvetsa chisoni a gawo la Romeo. M'chaka chomwecho iye anaimba ndi ungwiro chimodzimodzi ndi changu gawo la Teobaldo mu Morlacchi a Teobaldo e Isolina, amene mu libretto wake ndi ofanana kwambiri Montagues ndi Capulets. Ponena za sewero loyamba la zisudzo ziwirizi, Kukolnik adalemba mu Khudozhestvennaya Gazeta kuti: "Ndiuzeni, kodi Teobaldo adatenga kuchokera kwa ndani kuphweka ndi choonadi chodabwitsa cha masewerawa? Maluso okha a gulu lapamwamba kwambiri amaloledwa kulingalira malire a zokongola ndi chiwonetsero chimodzi chowuziridwa, ndipo, kukopa ena, iwo eni amatengedwa, kupirira mpaka kumapeto kukula kwa zilakolako, ndi mphamvu ya mawu, ndi pang'ono. mithunzi ya udindo.

Kuyimba kwa opera ndi mdani wa gesticulation. Palibe wojambula yemwe sangakhale wopusa pang'ono mu opera. Mayi Petrova pankhaniyi achita chidwi kwambiri. Sikuti sizoseketsa, m'malo mwake, chilichonse mwa iye ndi chokongola, champhamvu, chofotokozera, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, chowona, chowona! ..

Koma, mosakayikira, mwa maudindo onse a luso lamakono lamakono, opambana kwambiri mwa mphamvu ndi choonadi cha mtundu wa mbiri yakale, mozama mukumverera ndi kuwona mtima, mu kuphweka ndi choonadi chosaneneka, anali maudindo awo mu dziko lalikulu la Glinka. masewera. Pano sanakhalepo ndi opikisana nawo mpaka pano.

Chilichonse chimene Vorobyeva anaimba chinadzudzula mbuye wake woyamba. Wojambulayo adachita mbali za virtuoso za ku Italy kotero kuti adafanizidwa ndi oimba otchuka - Alboni ndi Polina Viardo-Garcia. Mu 1840, iye anaimba ndi J. Pasta, osati kutaya luso kwa woimba wotchuka.

Ntchito yabwino ya woimbayo inakhala yochepa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawu, komanso oyang'anira zisudzo adakakamiza woimbayo kuti azichita mbali zachimuna, adataya mawu. Izi zinachitika pambuyo ntchito mbali ya baritone Richard ( "Oyeretsa"). Choncho mu 1846 iye anasiya siteji, ngakhale mwalamulo Vorobyova-Petrova kutchulidwa gulu opera wa zisudzo mpaka 1850.

Zowona, adapitilizabe kuyimba m'masaluni komanso kunyumba, akusangalatsabe omvera ndi nyimbo zake. Petrova-Vorobyeva anali wotchuka chifukwa cha zisudzo za chikondi ndi Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Mlongo wake wa Glinka LI Shestakova anakumbukira kuti, atamva koyamba buku lakuti The Orphan la Mussorgsky, lopangidwa ndi Petrova, “poyamba anadabwa, kenako anagwetsa misozi kuti asadere nkhawa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza momwe Anna Yakovlevna adayimba, kapena m'malo mwake adawonetsa; munthu ayenera kumva zomwe munthu wanzeru angachite, ngakhale atataya mawu ake ndipo ali kale zaka zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, adatenga nawo mbali pakuchita bwino kwa mwamuna wake. Petrov ali ndi zambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosawoneka bwino, kumvetsetsa bwino zaluso.

Mussorgsky odzipereka kwa nyimbo ya Marfa "Mwana Anatuluka" kuchokera ku opera "Khovanshchina" (1873) ndi "Lullaby" (No. 1) kuchokera ku "Nyimbo ndi Zovina za Imfa" (1875). Luso la woimbayo linayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi A. Verstovsky, T. Shevchenko. Wojambula Karl Bryullov, mu 1840, atamva mawu a woimbayo, anasangalala ndipo, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwake, "sanathe kukana misozi ...".

Woimbayo anamwalira pa April 26, 1901.

"Kodi Petrova adachita chiyani, adayenera bwanji kukumbukira nthawi yayitali komanso yabwino m'dziko lathu loimba, lomwe lawona oimba ambiri abwino ndi ojambula omwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kuti azitha kujambula kuposa malemu Vorobyova? analemba Russian Musical Newspaper masiku amenewo. - Ndipo izi ndi zomwe: A.Ya. Vorobyova pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake, malemu woimba wolemekezeka-wojambula OA Petrov, anali oyamba komanso ochita bwino kwambiri pa mbali ziwiri zazikulu za opera ya Glinka yoyamba ya dziko la Russia Life for the Tsar - Vanya ndi Susanin; NDI I. Petrova anali pa nthawi yomweyo wachiwiri ndi mmodzi mwa ochita luso kwambiri pa udindo wa Ratmir mu Glinka Ruslan ndi Lyudmila.