Osip Afanasevich Petrov |

Osip Petrov

"Wojambula uyu atha kukhala m'modzi mwa omwe adapanga zisudzo zaku Russia. Chifukwa cha oimba ngati iye, opera yathu ikhoza kutenga malo apamwamba ndi ulemu kuti tipirire mpikisano ndi zisudzo zaku Italy. " Umu ndi momwe VV Stasov ndi malo Osip Afanasevich Petrov mu chitukuko cha luso dziko. Inde, woimba uyu anali ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino kwambiri - adakhala chiyambi cha zisudzo za dziko, pamodzi ndi Glinka adayika maziko ake.

Pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mbiri ya Ivan Susanin mu 1836 Osip Petrov anachita mbali yaikulu, amene anakonza motsogozedwa ndi Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka yekha. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wojambula wodziwika bwino walamulira kwambiri pa siteji ya dziko.

Malo a Petrov m'mbiri ya zisudzo zaku Russia adafotokozedwa ndi woimba wamkulu waku Russia Mussorgsky motere: "Petrov ndi titan yemwe adanyamula mapewa ake a Homeric pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chidapangidwa munyimbo zochititsa chidwi - kuyambira 30s ... adalonjezedwa, ndi luso losaiwalika komanso lozama lophunzitsidwa ndi agogo okondedwa.

Osip Afanasevich Petrov anabadwa November 15, 1807 mu mzinda wa Elisavetgrad. Ionka (monga momwe ankatchulidwira panthawiyo) Petrov anakulira ngati mnyamata wa mumsewu, wopanda bambo. Amayi, amene amagwira ntchito m’misika ya m’misika, ankapeza ndalama zambiri pogwira ntchito mwakhama. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Ionka adalowa m'kwaya ya tchalitchi, pomwe ma treble ake a sonorous, okongola kwambiri adawonekera, omwe pamapeto pake adasandulika kukhala bass wamphamvu.

Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi, kusintha kunachitika kwa mnyamatayo: mchimwene wake wa amayi anatenga Ionka kwa iye kuti amuzolowere bizinesi. Konstantin Savvich Petrov anali wolemera pa dzanja; Mnyamatayo ankayenera kulipira chakudya cha amalume ake pogwira ntchito mwakhama, nthawi zambiri ngakhale usiku. Kuphatikiza apo, amalume anga adawona zomwe amakonda panyimbo ngati chinthu chosafunikira, chosangalatsa. Mlanduwo unathandiza: woyang'anira gulu la regimental adakhazikika m'nyumba. Potengera luso loimba la mnyamatayo, adakhala mphunzitsi wake woyamba.

Konstantin Savvich adaletsa mwatsatanetsatane makalasi awa; anamumenya kwambiri mphwakeyo atamugwira akuseweretsa chidacho. Koma Ionka wouma khosiyo sanagonje.

Posakhalitsa amalume anga anapita kukagwira ntchito zaka ziwiri, n’kumusiya mphwake. Osip ankasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma mtima kwauzimu - chopinga chodziwika bwino pa malonda. Konstantin Savvich anatha kubwerera m'kupita kwa nthawi, osalola wamalonda wopanda mwayi kudziwononga yekha, ndipo Osip anathamangitsidwa "mlandu" ndi nyumba.

"Chisokonezo ndi amalume anga chinayambika panthawi yomwe gulu la Zhurakhovsky linali kuyendayenda ku Elisavetgrad," akulemba ML Lvov. - Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Zhurakhovsky mwangozi anamva mmene mwaluso Petrov ankaimba gitala, ndipo anamuitanira ku gulu. Mtundu wina umati Petrov, kudzera mwa wothandizira wina, adakwera siteji ngati chowonjezera. Diso lakuthwa la wamalonda wina wodziwa bwino ntchitoyo linazindikira kuti Petrov anali wobadwa nawo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anamasuka pabwalo. Pambuyo pake, Petrov ankawoneka kukhalabe mu gululo.

Mu 1826, Petrov adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Elisavetgrad mu sewero la A. Shakhovsky "The Cossack Poet". Iye analankhula mawu amene anali mmenemo ndi kuimba mavesi. Kupambana kunali kwakukulu osati chifukwa adasewera "Ionka wake" pa siteji, koma makamaka chifukwa Petrov "anabadwa pa siteji."

Mpaka 1830 anapitiriza siteji ya ntchito Petrov kulenga. Iye anachita mu Nikolaev, Kharkov, Odessa, Kursk, Poltava ndi mizinda ina. Luso la woimba wamng'onoyo linakopa chidwi cha omvera ndi akatswiri.

M'chilimwe cha 1830 ku Kursk, MS anakopa chidwi Petrov. Lebedev, mtsogoleri wa St. Petersburg Opera. Ubwino wa wojambula wachinyamatayo ndi wosatsutsika - mawu, kuchita, mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi. Kotero, patsogolo pa likulu. "Tili m'njira," adatero Petrov, "tinayima kwa masiku angapo ku Moscow, tidapeza MS Shchepkin, yemwe ndimamudziwa kale ... ine luso lalikulu kukhala wojambula. Ndinasangalala chotani nanga kumva mawu ameneŵa kuchokera kwa katswiri wojambula bwino kwambiri chonchi! Anandipatsa nyonga ndi mphamvu zambiri kotero kuti sindinkadziŵa mmene ndingamuthokozere chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwake kwa mlendo wosadziwika. Kuwonjezera apo, ananditengera ku Bolshoi Theatre, ku envelopu ya Madame Sontag. Ndinasangalala kwambiri ndi kuimba kwake; mpaka pamenepo ndinali ndisanamvepo chilichonse chonga icho, ndipo sindinamvetsetse ngakhale ungwiro umene liwu la munthu lingafikire.

Ku St. Petersburg, Petrov anapitirizabe kukonza luso lake. Anayamba ku likulu ndi gawo la Sarastro mu Mozart's Magic Flute, ndipo izi zidabweretsa kuyankha kwabwino. M’nyuzipepala ya “Northern Bee” munthu angaŵerenge kuti: “Nthaŵi ino, m’sewero la opera la The Magic Flute, Bambo Petrov, wojambula wachichepere, anawonekera kwa nthaŵi yoyamba pa siteji yathu, natilonjeza kukhala woimba ndi woseŵera wabwino.

ML Lvov analemba kuti: "Chotero, woimba wa anthu, Petrov, anabwera ku nyumba yachinyamata ya zisudzo ya ku Russia ndipo analemeretsa ndi chuma cha nyimbo za anthu," analemba motero ML Lvov. - Panthawiyo, kumveka kokwezeka kotereku kunkafunika kuchokera kwa woimba wa opera, omwe sankatha kumva mawu popanda maphunziro apadera. Chovutacho chinali chakuti kupanga phokoso lapamwamba kumafuna njira yatsopano, yosiyana ndi kupanga phokoso lodziwika bwino kwa liwu lopatsidwa. Mwachibadwa, Petrov sanathe kudziŵa bwino njira yovuta imeneyi m’miyezi iŵiri, ndipo wotsutsayo anali wolondola pamene ananena m’kuimba kwake koyambirira “kusinthira kwakukulu kwake m’manoti apamwamba.” Unali luso la kusalaza kusintha uku ndi kuphunzira mawu okwera kwambiri omwe Petrov adalimbikira kuphunzira ndi Kavos m'zaka zotsatira.

Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa zigawo zazikulu za bass mu zisudzo za Rossini, Megul, Bellini, Aubert, Weber, Meyerbeer ndi olemba ena.

Petrov analemba kuti: “Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yanga inali yosangalatsa kwambiri, koma ndinafunika kugwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa ndinkasewera m’sewero ndi zisudzo, ndipo mosasamala kanthu za masewero amene ankaimba, ndinali wotanganidwa kulikonse ... kupambana kwanga m'munda wake wosankhidwa, koma kawirikawiri anali wokhutira ndi iyemwini pambuyo pochita. Nthawi zina, ndinkavutika ndi kulephera pang'ono pa siteji ndikukhala osagona usiku, ndipo tsiku lotsatira mumabwera kudzakonzekera - zinali zamanyazi kuyang'ana Kavos. Moyo wanga unali wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Ndinali ndi anzanga ochepa ... Nthawi zambiri, ndinkakhala kunyumba, kuimba masikelo tsiku lililonse, kuphunzira maudindo komanso kupita kumalo owonetsera.

Petrov anapitiriza kukhala woyimba kalasi yoyamba ya Western European operatic repertoire. Mwachidziwitso, nthawi zonse ankagwira nawo ntchito za zisudzo za ku Italy. Pamodzi ndi anzake akunja, iye anaimba mu zisudzo Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, ndipo apa anapeza mwayi waukulu luso luso, akuchita luso, maganizo kalembedwe.

Zimene anachita m’gulu la nyimbo zachilendo zinachititsa chidwi kwambiri anthu a m’nthawi yake. Ndikoyenera kutchula mizere ya m’buku la Lazhechnikov lakuti The Basurman, limene limanena za opera ya Meyerbeer: “Kodi mukukumbukira Petrov m’buku la Robert the Devil? Ndipo bwanji osakumbukira! Ndangomuwonapo kamodzi kokha, ndipo mpaka lero, ndikaganizira za iye, zimamveka ngati kuyitana kuchokera ku gehena: "Inde, woyang'anira." Ndipo kuyang'ana uku, kuchokera ku chithumwa chomwe moyo wanu ulibe mphamvu yodzimasula yokha, ndi nkhope ya safironi iyi, yosokonezedwa ndi zilakolako za zilakolako. Ndipo nkhalango yatsitsi iyi, yomwe, zikuwoneka, chisa chonse cha njoka chakonzeka kukwawa ... "

Ndipo izi ndi zomwe AN Serov: "Silirani mzimu womwe Petrov adachita nawo muzochitika zoyamba, pazochitika ndi Robert. Kumva bwino kwa chikondi cha abambo kumatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha mbadwa ya infernal, choncho, kupereka mwachibadwa ku kutsanulidwa kwa mtima uku, popanda kusiya udindo, ndi nkhani yovuta. Petrov kwathunthu kugonjetsa vuto ili ndi udindo wake wonse.

Serov makamaka wodziwika mu masewera a wosewera Russian, amene bwino amasiyanitsa Petrov ndi zisudzo ena otchuka pa udindo uwu - luso kupeza umunthu mu moyo wa woipa ndi kutsindika kuwononga mphamvu zoipa. Serov adanena kuti Petrov mu udindo wa Bertram adaposa Ferzing, ndi Tamburini, ndi Formez, ndi Levasseur.

Wolemba nyimbo Glinka amatsatira kwambiri kupambana kwa woimbayo. Anachita chidwi ndi mawu a Petrov olemera kwambiri, omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu ya bass wandiweyani ndi kuyenda kwa baritone yowala. Lvov analemba kuti: “Mawu amenewa ankafanana ndi phokoso la belu lalikulu lasiliva. Pamawu apamwamba kwambiri, inkanyezimira ngati mphezi mumdima wandiweyani wakumwamba usiku. Pokumbukira kuthekera kulenga Petrov, Glinka analemba Susanin wake.

November 27, 1836 ndi tsiku lofunika kwambiri kwa masewero a Glinka A Life for the Tsar. Imeneyi inali nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya Petrov - adawulula momveka bwino chikhalidwe cha wokonda dziko la Russia.

Nazi ndemanga ziwiri zokha kuchokera kwa otsutsa achangu:

"Mu udindo wa Susanin, Petrov adakwera mpaka talente yake yayikulu. Adalenga mtundu wakale, ndipo mawu aliwonse a Petrov paudindo wa Susanin adzapita ku ana akutali.

"Zodabwitsa, zakuya, zowona mtima, zomwe zimatha kufikira njira zodabwitsa, zosavuta komanso zowona, kudzipereka - izi ndi zomwe zidayika Petrov ndi Vorobyova pamalo oyamba pakati pa ochita masewero athu ndikupangitsa kuti anthu aku Russia apite m'magulu a anthu kukasewera" Life for the Tsar "".

Ponseponse, Petrov adayimba gawo la Susanin maulendo mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zitatu! Udindo umenewu unatsegula gawo latsopano, lofunika kwambiri mu mbiri yake. Njirayi idapangidwa ndi olemba nyimbo zazikulu - Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Monga olemba iwo eni, zonse zomvetsa chisoni komanso zoseketsa zinali pansi pa iye. Mapiri ake, kutsatira Susanin, ndi Farlaf ku Ruslan ndi Lyudmila, Melnik ku Rusalka, Leporello ku The Stone Guest, Varlaam ku Boris Godunov.

Wolemba nyimbo C. Cui analemba ponena za kuimba kwa mbali ya Farlaf kuti: “Kodi ndinganene chiyani za Bambo Petrov? Momwe mungafotokozere msonkho wonse wodabwitsa kwa talente yake yodabwitsa? Momwe mungafotokozere zobisika zonse zamasewera; kukhulupirika kwa mawu ku mithunzi yaying'ono kwambiri: kuyimba mwanzeru kwambiri? Tingonena kuti mwa maudindo ambiri omwe ali ndi luso komanso loyambirira lopangidwa ndi Petrov, ntchito ya Farlaf ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri.

ndi VV Stasov moyenerera ankaona Petrov ntchito ya Farlaf monga chitsanzo chimene onse ochita ntchito imeneyi ayenera kukhala ofanana.

Pa May 4, 1856, Petrov adayamba kusewera Melnik ku Rusalka ya Dargomyzhsky. Otsutsawo ankaona masewera ake motere: “Tikhoza kunena mosapita m’mbali kuti popanga gawoli, Bambo Petrov mosakayikira ali ndi ufulu wapadera wokhala ndi udindo wojambula. Maonekedwe a nkhope yake, kunena mwaluso, matchulidwe ake omveka bwino… kusuntha kwa manja ake, zikuwonekeratu kuti Miller watsoka wapenga. "

Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, munthu akhoza kuwerenga ndemanga zotsatirazi: "Udindo wa Melnik ndi umodzi mwa mitundu itatu yosayerekezeka yomwe inapangidwa ndi Petrov mumasewero atatu a ku Russia, ndipo n'zokayikitsa kuti luso lake lojambula silinafike malire apamwamba ku Melnik. Mu maudindo osiyanasiyana a Melnik, momwe amawulula umbombo, ukapolo kwa Kalonga, chisangalalo pakuwona ndalama, kukhumudwa, misala, Petrov ndi wamkulu mofanana.

Izi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti woyimba wamkuluyo analinso katswiri wapadera wa nyimbo za chipinda. Anthu a m'nthawi yathu anatisiyira umboni wochuluka wa kutanthauzira modabwitsa kwa Petrov za chikondi cha Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Pamodzi ndi oyambitsa waluntha nyimbo Osip Afanasevich akhoza bwinobwino kutchedwa woyambitsa Russian luso mawu onse pa siteji opera ndi pa siteji konsati.

Kukwera komaliza komanso kodabwitsa kwa wojambulayo kudayambanso zaka za m'ma 70, pomwe Petrov adapanga zida zingapo zamawu ndi siteji; Ena mwa iwo ndi Leporello ("The Stone Guest"), Ivan the Terrible ("The Maid of Pskov"), Varlaam ("Boris Godunov") ndi ena.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, Petrov sanasiyane ndi siteji. M’mawu ophiphiritsa a Mussorgsky, iye “atatsala pang’ono kufa, analambalala maudindo ake.”

Woimbayo anamwalira pa Marichi 12, 1878.

Zothandizira: Glinka M., Notes, "Russian Antiquity", 1870, vol. 1-2, MI Glinka. Literary heritage, vol. 1, M.-L., 1952; Stasov VV, OA Petrov, m'buku: Russian Modern figures, vol. 2, St. Petersburg, 1877, p. 79-92, chimodzimodzi, m'buku lake: Zolemba za nyimbo, vol. 2, M., 1976; Lvov M., O. Petrov, M.-L., 1946; Lastochkina E., Osip Petrov, M.-L., 1950; Gozenpud A., Musical Theatre ku Russia. Kuyambira koyambira kupita ku Glinka. Nkhani, L., 1959; ake, Russian Opera Theatre m'zaka za zana la 1, (vol. 1836) - 1856-2, (vol. 1857) - 1872-3, (vol. 1873) - 1889-1969, L., 73-1; Livanova TN, Opera kutsutsa ku Russia, vol. 1, ayi. 2-2, vol. 3, ayi. 4-1966, M., 73-1 (Nkhani XNUMX pamodzi ndi VV Protopopov).