Annie Fischer |

Annie Fischer

Dzinali limadziwika ndi kuyamikiridwa m'dziko lathu, komanso m'mayiko ambiri a makontinenti osiyanasiyana - kulikonse kumene wojambula wa ku Hungary adayendera, kumene zolemba zambiri ndi zojambula zake zimaseweredwa. Potchula dzinali, okonda nyimbo amakumbukira chithumwa chapadera chomwe chili mkati mwake chokha, kuya kwake ndi chilakolako cha chidziwitso, malingaliro apamwamba omwe amawayika mukusewera kwake. Amakumbukira ndakatulo yabwino komanso kumverera mwachangu, luso lodabwitsa loti, popanda kukhudzidwa kulikonse, akwaniritse mawonekedwe osowa a magwiridwe antchito. Pomaliza, amakumbukira kutsimikiza kodabwitsa, mphamvu zamphamvu, mphamvu zachimuna - ndendende zachimuna, chifukwa mawu odziwika bwino akuti "masewera aakazi" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osayenera. Inde, misonkhano ndi Annie Fischer imakhalabe m'chikumbukiro changa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa pankhope yake sitiri ojambula chabe, koma amodzi mwa anthu owala kwambiri pamasewera amasiku ano.

Maluso a piyano a Annie Fischer ndi abwino kwambiri. Chizindikiro chake sichokha komanso sichokwanira kwambiri, koma luso la wojambula kuti likhale ndi malingaliro ake momveka bwino. Ma tempos olondola, osinthika nthawi zonse, kumveka bwino kwa nyimbo, kumvetsetsa mphamvu zamkati ndi malingaliro a chitukuko cha nyimbo, kuthekera "kujambula mawonekedwe" a chidutswa chomwe chikuchitidwa - izi ndi zabwino zomwe zili mmenemo mokwanira. . Tiyeni tiwonjeze apa mawu amagazi athunthu, "otseguka", omwe, titero, akugogomezera kuphweka ndi chibadwa cha kalembedwe kake, kuchuluka kwa kusinthika kwamphamvu, kuwala kwa timbre, kufewa kwa kukhudza ndi kukwera ...

Titanena zonsezi, sitinafike ku gawo lalikulu la luso la woyimba piyano, kukongola kwake. Ndi matanthauzo ake osiyanasiyana, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu amphamvu otsimikizira moyo, ndi chiyembekezo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti Annie Fischer ndi mlendo masewero, mikangano lakuthwa, maganizo kwambiri. M'malo mwake, zili mu nyimbo, zodzaza ndi chisangalalo chachikondi ndi zilakolako zazikulu, kuti talente yake imawululidwa mokwanira. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, mfundo yogwira ntchito, yokhazikika, yokonzekera imakhalapo nthawi zonse mu masewera a ojambula, mtundu wa "malipiro abwino" omwe amabweretsa umunthu wake.

Repertoire ya Annie Fischer si yaikulu kwambiri, kuweruza ndi mayina a olemba. Amangokhalira kuchita masewero akale komanso achikondi. Kupatulapo, mwina, ndi nyimbo zochepa chabe za Debussy ndi nyimbo za mnzake Bela Bartok (Fischer anali m'modzi mwa oimba oyamba a Concerto Yachitatu). Koma Komano, mu gawo lake losankhidwa, iye amasewera chirichonse kapena pafupifupi chirichonse. Iye amapambana makamaka mu nyimbo zazikulu - concertos, sonatas, kusintha kozungulira. Kufotokozera mozama, kuchulukira kwachidziwitso, zomwe zidachitika popanda kukhudza pang'ono zamalingaliro kapena machitidwe, zidawonetsa kutanthauzira kwake kwazakale - Haydn ndi Mozart. Palibe malire amodzi a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, stylization "pansi pa nthawi" pano: chirichonse chiri chodzaza ndi moyo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, choganiziridwa mosamala, chokhazikika, choletsedwa. Schubert wazama filosofi ndi ma Brahms apamwamba, Mendelssohn wodekha ndi Chopin wolimba mtima amapanga gawo lofunikira la mapulogalamu ake. Koma zopambana kwambiri za wojambula zimagwirizana ndi kutanthauzira kwa ntchito za Liszt ndi Schumann. Aliyense amene amadziwa kutanthauzira kwake kwa konsati ya piyano, Carnival ndi Schumann's Symphonic Etudes kapena Sonata ya Liszt mu B wamng'ono, sakanachitira mwina koma kusirira kukula ndi kunjenjemera kwa kusewera kwake. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, dzina lina lawonjezeredwa ku mayina awa - Beethoven. M'zaka za m'ma 70, nyimbo zake zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pamasewera a Fischer, ndipo kutanthauzira kwake kwa zojambula zazikulu za chimphona cha Viennese kumakhala kozama komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri. Katswiri wina wanyimbo wa ku Austria dzina lake X. Wirth analemba kuti: “Katswiri wake wa Beethoven potengera kumveka bwino kwa malingaliro ndi kukopa kwa kusamutsidwa kwa sewero lanyimbo n’komwe nthaŵi yomweyo amakoka ndi kukopa omvetsera. Ndipo magazini ya Music and Music inanena pambuyo pa konsati ya wojambula ku London kuti: "Kutanthauzira kwake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri a nyimbo, ndi moyo wapadera wamaganizo umene amasonyeza, mwachitsanzo, mu adagio kuchokera ku Pathetique kapena Moonlight Sonata, zikuwoneka. kupita ku zaka zingapo zowunikira patsogolo pa "zolembera" zamasiku ano.

Komabe, ntchito zaluso za Fischer zinayamba ndi Beethoven. Anayamba ku Budapest ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha. Munali mu 1922 pamene mtsikanayo adawonekera koyamba pa siteji, akuchita nawo Concerto yoyamba ya Beethoven. Iye anazindikira, iye anali ndi mwayi kuphunzira motsogozedwa ndi aphunzitsi otchuka. Ku Academy of Music, alangizi ake anali Arnold Szekely ndi woimba komanso woyimba piyano wodziwika bwino Jerno Donany. Kuyambira 1926, Fischer wakhala ntchito yokhazikika, m'chaka chomwecho adayenda ulendo wake woyamba kunja kwa Hungary - kupita ku Zurich, komwe kunali chiyambi cha kuzindikirika kwa mayiko. Ndipo chigonjetso chake pampikisano woyamba wa piano wapadziko lonse ku Budapest, F. Liszt (1933), adaphatikiza chigonjetso chake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Annie adamva koyamba oimba omwe adachita chidwi ndi iye ndipo adakhudza chitukuko chake chaluso - S. Rachmaninoff ndi E. Fischer.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Annie Fischer anathawira ku Sweden, ndipo atangothamangitsidwa chipani cha Nazi, iye anabwerera kwawo. Nthawi yomweyo, adayamba kuphunzitsa ku Liszt Higher School of Music ndipo mu 1965 adalandira udindo wa pulofesa. Zochita zake zamakonsati mu nthawi ya nkhondo itatha adalandira zambiri ndipo zidabweretsa chikondi cha omvera komanso kuzindikira zambiri. Katatu - mu 1949, 1955 ndi 1965 - adalandira Mphotho ya Kossuth. Ndipo kunja kwa malire a dziko lakwawo, iye moyenerera amatchedwa kazembe wa luso Hungarian.

… Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1948, Annie Fischer adabwera koyamba kudziko lathu ngati gawo la gulu la ojambula ochokera ku Hungary. Poyamba, zisudzo za mamembala a gululi zidachitikira m'ma studio a House of Radio Broadcasting ndi Sound Recording. Kumeneko ndi kumene Annie Fischer anachita imodzi mwa "zinambala za korona" za nyimbo zake - Concerto ya Schumann. Aliyense amene analipo m’holoyo kapena amene anamva sewerolo pawailesi anachita chidwi ndi luso komanso chisangalalo chauzimu cha masewerawo. Pambuyo pake, adaitanidwa kuti achite nawo konsati pa siteji ya Hall of Columns. Omvera adamupatsa mphamvu yayitali, yotentha, adasewera mobwerezabwereza - Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Bartok. Choncho anayamba kudziwa omvera Soviet ndi luso Annie Fischer, mnzako umene unali chiyambi cha ubwenzi wautali ndi wokhalitsa. Mu 1949, iye anapatsa kale konsati payekha mu Moscow, ndiyeno iye anachita kangapo, kuchita ambiri a ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lathu.

Ntchito ya Annie Fischer yakhala ikukopa chidwi cha otsutsa a Soviet, yafufuzidwa mosamala pamasamba athu osindikizira ndi akatswiri otsogolera. Aliyense wa iwo adapeza mumasewera ake omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye, mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Ena anatchula kulemera kwa phale la phokoso, ena - chilakolako ndi mphamvu, ena - kutentha ndi chifundo cha luso lake. Zowona, kusilira apa sikunali kopanda malire. D. Rabinovich, mwachitsanzo, akuyamikira kwambiri machitidwe ake a Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, mosayembekezereka anayesa kukayikira mbiri yake monga Schumanist, kufotokoza maganizo ake kuti kusewera kwake "kulibe kuzama kwenikweni kwa chikondi", kuti "chisangalalo chake ndi chopanda pake. zakunja”, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo kumasanduka mathero mwaokha. Pazifukwa izi, wotsutsa anamaliza za chikhalidwe chapawiri cha luso Fischer: pamodzi ndi classicism, lyricism ndi dreaminess ndi chibadidwe mmenemo. Chifukwa chake, woimba nyimbo wolemekezeka adawonetsa wojambulayo ngati woimira "zotsutsana ndi chikondi". Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti iyi ndi mkangano wa terminological, wosadziwika, chifukwa luso la Fischer ndi lodzaza ndi magazi kotero kuti silingagwirizane ndi bedi la Procrustean la njira inayake. Ndipo wina angagwirizane ndi maganizo a katswiri wina woimba piyano K. Adzhemov, yemwe anajambula chithunzi chotsatira cha woyimba piyano wa ku Hungary: "Luso la Annie Fischer, wachikondi m'chilengedwe, ndi loyambirira komanso nthawi yomweyo logwirizana ndi miyambo. kuyambira kwa F. Liszt. Kungopeka n'kochilendo ku kulembedwa kwake, ngakhale kuti maziko ake ndi zolemba za mlembi zomwe amaphunzira mozama komanso mozama. Piyano ya Fischer ndi yosinthika komanso yotukuka kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino. Woyimba piyano, ngakhale asanakhudze kiyibodi, amamva chithunzi cha mawu, ndiyeno, ngati kuti akusema phokoso, amapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya timbre. Mwachindunji, imayankha mwachidwi ku kamvekedwe kalikonse kofunikira, kusinthasintha, kusintha kwa kupuma movutikira, ndipo matanthauzidwe ake ake amalumikizidwa mosadukiza ndi yonse. Mu machitidwe a A. Fischer, onse okondweretsa cantilena ndi oratorical elation ndi pathos amakopa. Luso la wojambulayo limadziwonetsera ndi mphamvu yapadera muzolemba zodzaza ndi njira zakumverera kwakukulu. Mu kutanthauzira kwake, chinsinsi chamkati cha nyimbo chimawululidwa. Choncho, nyimbo zomwezo mwa iye nthawi iliyonse zimamveka m'njira yatsopano. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa za kusaleza mtima komwe timayembekezera misonkhano yatsopano ndi luso lake.

Mawu awa, omwe analankhulidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70, akadali owona mpaka lero.

Annie Fischer anakana mwatsatanetsatane kutulutsa zojambulira zomwe zidapangidwa panthawi yamakonsati ake, ponena za kupanda ungwiro kwawo. Kumbali inayi, iyenso sanafune kujambula mu studio, kufotokoza kuti kutanthauzira kulikonse komwe kupangidwa popanda omvera amoyo kudzakhala kosatheka. Komabe, kuyambira mu 1977, adakhala zaka 15 akugwira ntchito m'ma studio, akugwira ntchito yojambula ma sonatas onse a Beethoven, kuzungulira komwe sikunatulutsidwe kwa iye nthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya Annie Fischer, mbali zambiri za bukuli zinapezeka kwa omvetsera ndipo zinayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi odziŵa bwino nyimbo zachikale.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990