Géza Anda |

Geza Anda

Geza Anda asanakhale ndi mphamvu m'dziko lamakono la piano, adadutsa njira yovuta, yotsutsana yachitukuko. Zonse ziwiri chithunzi chojambula cha wojambula ndi njira yonse yopangira zojambulajambula zikuwoneka kuti ndizowonetseratu kwa mbadwo wonse wa oimba oimba, ngati kuti akuyang'ana ubwino wake wosatsutsika ndi zofooka zake.

Anda anakulira m'banja la oimba amateur, ali ndi zaka 13 adalowa mu Liszt Academy of Music ku Budapest, kumene pakati pa aphunzitsi ake anali wolemekezeka E. Donany. Anaphatikiza maphunziro ake ndi ntchito ya prosaic: adapereka maphunziro a piyano, adapeza ndalama zake poimba m'magulu oimba osiyanasiyana, ngakhale m'malesitilanti ndi malo ovina. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za maphunziro zinabweretsa Anda osati diploma, komanso Mphotho ya Listov, yomwe inamupatsa ufulu wochita kuwonekera kwake ku Budapest. Iye ankaimba limodzi ndi gulu loimba loimba ndi V. Mengelberg wotchuka, Concerto Yachiwiri ya Brahms. Chipambanocho chinali chachikulu kwambiri moti gulu la oimba otchuka lotsogoleredwa ndi 3. Kodai adalandira maphunziro kwa wojambula waluso, zomwe zinamulola kuti apitirize maphunziro ake ku Berlin. Ndipo apa ali ndi mwayi: machitidwe a Franck's Symphonic Variations ndi Philharmonics otchuka otsogoleredwa ndi Mengelberg amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi otsutsa ndi odziwa bwino. Komabe, mkhalidwe wopondereza wa likulu lachifasisti sichinali chokomera wojambulayo, ndipo atalandira chiphaso chabodza chamankhwala, adakwanitsa kupita ku Switzerland (ayenera kuti akalandire chithandizo). Apa Anda anamaliza maphunziro ake motsogoleredwa ndi Edwin Fischer ndipo anakhazikika, kenako, mu 1954, kulandira nzika ya Switzerland.

Maulendo ambiri adabweretsa kutchuka kwa Anda ku Europe kumapeto kwa 50s; mu 1955, omvera a mizinda ingapo US anakumana naye, mu 1963 iye anaimba koyamba ku Japan. Magawo onse a ntchito ya wojambula pambuyo pa nkhondo ikuwonekera pa zolemba za galamafoni, zomwe zimalola munthu kuweruza kusintha kwake kwa kulenga. Ali wachinyamata, Anda adakopa chidwi makamaka ndi talente yake "yamanja", ndipo mpaka pakati pa 50s, zolemba zake zinali ndi tsankho lodziwika bwino. Anzake ochepa adachita Zosiyanasiyana zovuta za Brahms pa Mutu wa Paganini kapena zidutswa zochititsa chidwi za Liszt ndi kulimba mtima kotereku komanso chidaliro. Koma pang'onopang'ono Mozart akukhala pakati pa zokonda za woyimba piyano. Amayimba mobwerezabwereza ndi kulemba ma concerto onse a Mozart (kuphatikizapo 5 oyambirira), akulandira mphoto zambiri zapadziko lonse za zojambulazi.

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50s, potsatira chitsanzo cha mphunzitsi wake E. Fischer, nthawi zambiri ankaimba ngati woyimba piyano, akuimba makamaka ma concerto a Mozart ndikupeza zotsatira zaluso kwambiri mu izi. Pomaliza, pamakonsati ambiri a Mozart, adalemba ma cadenza akeake, kuphatikizira kupangidwa kwa stylistic ndi virtuoso brilliance ndi luso.

Pomasulira Mozart, Anda nthawi zonse ankayesetsa kufotokozera omvera zomwe zinali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye mu ntchito ya woimba uyu - mpumulo wa nyimbo, kumveka bwino ndi chiyero cha limba la piyano, chisomo chokhazikika, chikhumbo chokhala ndi chiyembekezo. Chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri cha zomwe adachita pankhaniyi sichinali ndemanga zabwino za owerengera, koma kuti Clara Haskil - wojambula wochenjera kwambiri komanso wandakatulo - adamusankha kukhala bwenzi lake chifukwa choimba nyimbo ziwiri za Mozart. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, luso la Anda kwa nthawi yaitali linalibe mantha a kumverera kwamoyo, kuya kwa malingaliro, makamaka panthawi ya mikangano yowopsya ndi pachimake. Iye sanali wopanda chifukwa chonyozedwa chifukwa cha khalidwe lozizira, kuthamangitsa liŵiro mopanda chifukwa, katchulidwe ka mawu, mwanzeru mopambanitsa, opangidwa kubisa kusowa kwa zinthu zenizeni.

Komabe, nyimbo za Anda za Mozart zimatilola kulankhula za kusinthika kwa luso lake. Ma disc aposachedwa kwambiri a mndandanda wa All Mozart Concertos (wokhala ndi oimba a Salzburg Mozarteum), womalizidwa ndi wojambulayo atatsala pang'ono kukwanitsa zaka 50, amadziwika ndi kumveka kwakuda, kokulirapo, chikhumbo chazikuluzikulu, kuzama kwa filosofi, komwe kuli. kugogomezeredwa ndi kusankha kwapakati kuposa kale , temp. Izi sizinapereke chifukwa chenicheni chowonera zizindikiro za kusintha kwakukulu mu kalembedwe ka piyano, koma zimangomukumbutsa kuti kukhwima kwa kulenga kumasiya chizindikiro chake.

Chifukwa chake, Geza Anda adadzipangira mbiri ngati woyimba piyano wokhala ndi mbiri yocheperako - makamaka "katswiri" ku Mozart. Komabe, iye mwiniyo anatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane chigamulo choterocho. “Mawu akuti “katswiri” samveka,” Anda anauza mtolankhani wina wa magazini ya ku Slovakia yotchedwa Good Life. - Ndinayamba ndi Chopin ndipo kwa ambiri ndinali katswiri ku Chopin. Kenako ndinasewera Brahms ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndinatchedwa "Bramsian". Choncho kulemba zilembo zilizonse n’zopusa.”

Mawu awa ali ndi choonadi chawochawo. Zowonadi, Geza Anda anali wojambula wamkulu, wojambula wokhwima yemwe nthawi zonse, muzolemba zilizonse, anali ndi chonena kwa anthu ndipo amadziwa momwe angayankhulire. Kumbukirani kuti iye anali pafupifupi woyamba kuimba makonsati atatu a piano a Bartók madzulo amodzi. Ali ndi zojambula zabwino kwambiri za concertos, komanso Rhapsody ya Piano ndi Orchestra (Op. 1), yopangidwa mogwirizana ndi wochititsa F. Fritchi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Anda adatembenukira kwa Beethoven (yemwe anali asanasewerepo kale), kwa Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt. Zina mwazojambula zake ndi ma concerto a Brahms (ndi Karajan), Concerto ya Grieg, Beethoven's Diabelli Waltz Variations, Fantasia mu C yaikulu, Kreisleriana, Schumann's Davidsbündler Dances.

Koma nzowonanso kuti munali m’nyimbo za Mozart kuti mbali zabwino koposa za piyano yake - zomveka bwino, zopukutidwa, zamphamvu - zinawululidwa, mwinamwake, ndi kukwanira kwakukulu. Tinene zambiri, anali ngati muyezo wa zomwe zimasiyanitsa m'badwo wonse wa oimba piyano a Mozartian.

Chikoka cha Geza Anda pa m’badwo uno sichingakane. Zinatsimikiziridwa osati ndi masewera ake, komanso ndi ntchito yogwira pedagogical. Pokhala wotenga nawo mbali wofunikira pa zikondwerero za Salzburg kuyambira 1951, adachititsanso maphunziro ndi oimba achichepere mu mzinda wa Mozart; mu 1960, atatsala pang’ono kufa, Edwin Fischer anam’patsa kalasi yake ku Lucerne, ndipo pambuyo pake Anda anaphunzitsa kumasulira m’chilimwe chilichonse mu Zurich. Wojambulayo adalemba mfundo zake zophunzitsira motere: "Ophunzira amasewera, ndimamvetsera. Oimba piyano ambiri amaganiza ndi zala zawo, koma kuiwala kuti nyimbo ndi chitukuko chaumisiri ndi chimodzi. Piyano, monga kuchititsa, iyenera kutsegula malingaliro atsopano. " Mosakayikira, chidziwitso cholemera ndi kukula kwa malingaliro omwe adadza kwa zaka zambiri adalola wojambula kuti atsegule nyimbo izi kwa ophunzira ake. Tikuwonjezeranso kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, Anda amakonda kuchita ngati kondakitala. Imfa yosayembekezereka sinalole talente yake yosunthika kuti iwonekere mokwanira. Anamwalira patatha milungu iwiri atachita makonsati opambana ku Bratislava, mzinda womwe adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndi gulu loimba loimba ndi Ludovit Reiter zaka makumi angapo m'mbuyomo.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.