Antonina Nezhdanova |

Antonina Nezhdanova

Zojambula zake zodabwitsa, zomwe zinakondweretsa mibadwo ingapo ya omvera, zakhala nthano. Ntchito yake yatenga malo apadera mu chuma cha dziko lapansi.

"Kukongola kwapadera, kukongola kwa timbre ndi mawu omveka, kuphweka kwabwino ndi kuwona mtima kwa mawu, mphatso ya kubadwanso kwina, kumvetsetsa mozama komanso kokwanira kwambiri kwa cholinga ndi kalembedwe ka wolemba, kukoma kosawoneka bwino, kulondola kwa malingaliro ongoyerekeza - izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira. wa talente ya Nezhdanova,” akutero V. Kiselev.

Bernard Shaw, wodabwa ndi nyimbo za Nezhdanova za nyimbo za ku Russia, adapatsa woimbayo chithunzi chake ndi mawu akuti: "Tsopano ndikumvetsa chifukwa chake chilengedwe chinandipatsa mwayi wokhala ndi zaka 70 - kuti ndimve bwino kwambiri - Nezhdanova. .” Woyambitsa wa Moscow Art Theatre KS Stanislavsky analemba kuti:

"Wokondedwa, zodabwitsa, zodabwitsa Antonina Vasilievna! .. Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake ndinu okongola komanso chifukwa chake mumayenderana? Chifukwa mwaphatikiza: liwu lasiliva la kukongola kodabwitsa, talente, nyimbo, luso labwino ndi moyo wachichepere, wangwiro, watsopano komanso wopanda nzeru. Imalira ngati mawu anu. Ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chokongola kwambiri, chokongola komanso chosakanizidwa kuposa chidziwitso chachilengedwe chophatikizidwa ndi luso laukadaulo? Zotsirizirazi zakuwonongerani ntchito zazikulu za moyo wanu wonse. Koma sitikudziwa izi mukadzatidabwitsa ndi njira yosavuta, nthawi zina imabweretsedwa ku prank. Zojambulajambula ndi ukadaulo zakhala chikhalidwe chanu chachiwiri. Iwe umayimba ngati mbalame chifukwa sungathe kuyimba, ndipo uli m'modzi mwa ochepa omwe adzayimba mokweza mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ako, chifukwa iwe unabadwira ichi. Ndiwe Orpheus mu chovala cha mkazi yemwe sadzathyola azeze ake.

Monga wojambula komanso munthu, monga wosilira nthawi zonse komanso bwenzi, ndikudabwa, ndikugwada pamaso panu ndikulemekeza ndikukukondani.

Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova anabadwa pa June 16, 1873 m'mudzi wa Krivaya Balka, pafupi ndi Odessa, m'banja la aphunzitsi.

Tonya anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zokha pamene kutenga nawo mbali m’kwaya ya tchalitchi kunakopa anthu ambiri. Mawu a mtsikanayo anakhudza anthu a m’mudziwo, amene ananena mosirira kuti: “Taonani, ng’ombe yaing’ono yaing’ono, iyi ndi mawu achifatse!

Nezhdanova mwiniwakeyo anakumbukira kuti: "Chifukwa chakuti m'banja mwathu ndinazunguliridwa ndi malo oimba - achibale anga ankaimba, anzanga ndi abwenzi omwe ankatichezera ankaimbanso ndikusewera kwambiri, luso langa loimba linakula kwambiri.

Amayi, monga bambo, anali ndi mawu abwino, kukumbukira nyimbo komanso kumva bwino. Ndili mwana, ndinaphunzira kwa iwo kuimba mwamakutu nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Ndili wochita masewero ku Bolshoi Theatre, amayi nthawi zambiri ankapita ku zisudzo. Tsiku lotsatira iye anang'ung'udza momveka bwino nyimbo zomwe anamva m'zisudzo dzulo lake. Mpaka atakalamba, mawu ake anakhalabe omveka bwino.

Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Tonya anasamutsidwa ku Odessa ndipo anatumizidwa ku 2 Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. M’bwalo lochitiramo maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, anawonekera mowonekera bwino ndi mawu ake a timbre yokongola. Kuyambira giredi XNUMX, Antonina anayamba kuchita payekha.

Udindo wofunikira m'moyo wa Nezhdanova unaseweredwa ndi banja la mkulu wa People's Schools VI Farmakovsky, kumene sanapeze chithandizo chokha, komanso chithandizo chakuthupi. Pamene bambo ake anamwalira, Antonina anali m’giredi XNUMX. Mwadzidzidzi anayenera kukhala msana wa banja.

Anali Farmakovsky amene anathandiza mtsikanayo kulipira kalasi yachisanu ndi chitatu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi. Nditamaliza maphunziro ake, Nezhdanova analembetsa ntchito yaulere monga mphunzitsi pa Sukulu ya Atsikana ya Odessa City.

Ngakhale zovuta za moyo, mtsikana amapeza nthawi kukaona Odessa zisudzo. Anakhudzidwa ndi woimba Figner, kuimba kwake kwanzeru kunachititsa chidwi kwambiri pa Nezhdanova.

Nezhdanova alemba:

Antonina akuyamba kuphunzira ku Odessa ndi mphunzitsi woimba SG Rubinstein. Koma malingaliro okhudza kuphunzira pa imodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a likulu amabwera pafupipafupi komanso molimbikira. Chifukwa cha thandizo la Dr. MK Burda mtsikana amapita ku St. Petersburg kulowa Conservatory. Apa akulephera. Koma chimwemwe anamwetulira Nezhdanova mu Moscow. Chaka cha maphunziro ku Moscow Conservatory chayamba kale, koma Nezhdanova anayesedwa ndi mkulu wa Conservatory VI Safonov ndi pulofesa woimba Umberto Mazetti. Ndinkakonda kuyimba kwake.

Ofufuza onse ndi olemba mbiri yakale amagwirizana pa kuyamikira sukulu ya Mazetti. Malinga ndi LB Dmitriev, "anali chitsanzo cha woimira chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Italy, yemwe adatha kumva kwambiri zachilendo za nyimbo za ku Russia, kalembedwe ka ku Russia ndikuphatikiza mwaluso mawonekedwe awa a sukulu yaku Russia yoimba ndi chikhalidwe cha Chitaliyana. luso lotha kuimba.

Mazetti ankadziwa kuululira wophunzirayo chuma cha nyimbo cha ntchitoyo. Potsagana ndi ophunzira ake mwaluso, adawakopa ndi mawu anyimbo, mtima, ndi luso. Kuyambira masitepe oyamba, kuyimba kofunikira komanso mawu omveka bwino, nthawi imodzi adapereka chidwi kwambiri kukongola ndi kukhulupirika kwa mapangidwe a nyimbo. “Imbani mokoma mtima” ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za Mazetti.

Mu 1902, Nezhdanova anamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory ndi mendulo ya golidi, kukhala woimba woyamba kulandira kusiyana mkulu. Kuyambira chaka chimenecho mpaka 1948, adakhalabe woyimba yekha ndi Bolshoi Theatre.

Pa Epulo 23, 1902, wotsutsa SN Kruglikov: "Wachichepereyo adachita ngati Antonida. Chidwi chodabwitsa chinadzutsidwa mwa omvera ndi wosewera wa novice, chidwi chomwe anthu adagawana nawo za Antonida watsopano, kupambana kwake kotsimikizika pambuyo pakuchita bwino, kosavuta kwa kutuluka kwa aria, komwe, monga mukudziwa, ndi kwa ambiri. kuchuluka kwa mabuku a opera, kumapereka ufulu wonse wokhulupirira kuti Nezhdanov ali ndi tsogolo losangalatsa komanso labwino kwambiri. "

Mmodzi mwa anzake omwe ankakonda kwambiri wojambula SI Migai akukumbukira kuti: “Monga womvetsera zimene Glinka anachita mu zisudzo, zinandisangalatsa kwambiri. Mu udindo wa Antonida, chifaniziro cha mtsikana wophweka wa ku Russia chinaleredwa ndi Nezhdanova mpaka kutalika kodabwitsa. Phokoso lililonse la gawoli linali lodzazidwa ndi mzimu wa luso lachi Russia, ndipo mawu aliwonse anali vumbulutso kwa ine. Kumvetsera kwa Antonina Vasilievna, ndinaiwala zovuta za mawu a cavatina "Ndikuyang'ana m'munda woyera ...", mpaka ndinakondwera ndi choonadi cha mtima, chophatikizidwa ndi mawu ake. Panalibe mthunzi wa "kukonza" kapena zowawa pakuchita kwake zachikondi "Sindikulira chifukwa cha izo, atsikana", odzazidwa ndi chisoni chenicheni, koma palibe amene amalankhula za kufooka kwamaganizo - mwa mawonekedwe a mwana wamkazi wa ngwazi wamba, wina anali ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu zambiri ”.

Gawo la Antonida limatsegula malo owonetsera zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zomwe Nezhdanova adachita mumasewero a oimba a ku Russia: Lyudmila (Ruslan ndi Lyudmila, 1902); Volkhov ("Sadko", 1906); Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin", 1906); The Snow Maiden (opera ya dzina lomwelo, 1907); Mfumukazi ya Shemakhan (The Golden Cockerel, 1909); Marfa (Mkwatibwi wa Tsar, February 2, 1916); Iolanta (opera ya dzina lomweli, January 25, 1917); The Swan Princess ("Nthano ya Tsar Saltan", 1920); Olga ("Mermaid", 1924); Parasya ("Sorochinskaya Fair", 1925).

"Pa gawo lililonse la wojambulayo, wojambulayo adapeza malingaliro amunthu payekhapayekha, momwe mtunduwo unayambira, wodziwa bwino luso la kuwala ndi mtundu ndi mthunzi, wogwirizana ndi chithunzi cha mawu ndi chojambula chodziwika bwino, chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino molingana ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, zovala zoganiziridwa mosamala,” analemba motero V. Kiselev. "A heroine ake onse amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwa ukazi, chiyembekezo chonjenjemera cha chisangalalo ndi chikondi. Ndicho chifukwa chake Nezhdanova, yemwe ali ndi nyimbo yapadera ya lyric-coloratura soprano, adatembenukiranso ku zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira nyimbo za soprano, monga Tatyana mu Eugene Onegin, kukwaniritsa luso lapamwamba.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Nezhdanova adalenga siteji yake mwaluso - chifaniziro cha Marita mu The Tsar's Mkwatibwi pafupifupi theka la ntchito yake, mu 1916, ndipo sanasiyane ndi udindo mpaka mapeto, kuphatikizapo kuchitapo mu chikumbutso ntchito 1933. .

Nyimbo za chikondi ndi kukhazikika kwake kwamkati, kubadwa kwa umunthu kudzera mu chikondi, kutalika kwa malingaliro - mutu wa ntchito zonse za Nezhdanova. Pofunafuna zithunzi za chisangalalo, kudzikonda kwachikazi, chiyero chowona mtima, chisangalalo, wojambula adabwera ku udindo wa Marita. Aliyense amene anamva udindo uwu Nezhdanova anagonjetsedwa ndi exacting, kuona mtima wauzimu, ndi olemekezeka heroine ake. Wojambulayo, zikuwoneka, akumamatira ku gwero lotsimikizika la kudzoza - kuzindikira kwa anthu ndi miyambo yake yamakhalidwe ndi zokongoletsa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kwazaka zambiri.

M'makumbukiro ake, Nezhdanova anati: "Ntchito ya Marita inali yopambana kwambiri kwa ine. Ndimaona kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri, udindo wanga… Ndili pa siteji, ndidakhala moyo weniweni. Ndidaphunzira mozama komanso mwachidwi mawonekedwe onse a Marita, ndikuganizira mozama mawu aliwonse, mawu aliwonse ndikuyenda, ndimamva gawo lonse kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. Zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi chithunzi cha Marfa zidawonekera kale pa siteji pakuchitapo kanthu, ndipo sewero lililonse lidabweretsa china chatsopano.

Nyumba zazikulu kwambiri za opera padziko lapansi zimalota kulowa m'mapangano a nthawi yayitali ndi "Russian nightingale", koma Nezhdanova anakana zochitika zokopa kwambiri. Kamodzi kokha pamene woimba wamkulu wa ku Russia adavomereza kuchita pa siteji ya Grand Opera ya Paris. Mu April-May 1912, adayimba gawo la Gilda ku Rigoletto. Anzake anali oimba otchuka a ku Italy Enrico Caruso ndi Titta Ruffo.

"Kupambana kwa Mayi Nezhdanova, woimba yemwe sanadziwikebe ku Paris, kunali kofanana ndi kupambana kwa anzake otchuka Caruso ndi Ruffo," analemba wotsutsa wa ku France. Nyuzipepala ina inalemba kuti: “Mawu ake, choyamba, ali ndi kuwonekera modabwitsa, kukhulupirika kwa mawu ndi kupepuka ndi zolembera bwino kwambiri. Ndiyeno amadziŵa kuimba, kusonyeza chidziŵitso chozama cha luso la kuimba, ndipo panthaŵi imodzimodziyo amakhudza mtima omvera. Pali ojambula ochepa m'nthawi yathu omwe ndi kumverera koteroko angathe kufotokoza gawo ili, lomwe liri ndi mtengo pokhapokha ngati liperekedwa mwangwiro. Akazi a Nezhdanova adachita bwino kwambiri, ndipo adadziwika bwino ndi aliyense.

Mu nthawi Soviet woimba anayendera mizinda yambiri ya dziko, woimira Bolshoi Theatre. Zochita zake zamakonsati zikuchulukirachulukira nthawi zambiri.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, mpaka Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse, Nezhdanova amalankhula pafupipafupi pawailesi. Mnzake nthawi zonse mu zisudzo mu chipinda anali N. Golovanov. Mu 1922 ndi wojambula Antonina Vasilievna anapanga ulendo wopambana wa Western Europe ndi mayiko a Baltic.

Nezhdanova anagwiritsa ntchito chuma chambiri monga woimba wa opera ndi chipinda mu ntchito yake yophunzitsa. Kuyambira 1936, iye anaphunzitsa pa Opera situdiyo wa Bolshoi Theatre, ndiye pa Opera situdiyo dzina lake KS Stanislavsky. Kuyambira 1944, Antonina Vasilievna wakhala pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory.

Nezhdanova anamwalira pa June 26, 1950 ku Moscow.