Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli) |

Arturo Benedetti wolemba Michelangelo

Palibe m'modzi mwa oimba otchuka azaka za zana la XNUMX anali ndi nthano zambiri, nkhani zambiri zodabwitsa zomwe zidanenedwa. Michelangeli adalandira maudindo akuti "Man of Mystery", "Tangle of Secrets", "The Most Incomprehensible Artist of Our Time".

"Bendetti Michelangeli ndi woyimba piyano wodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika bwino kwambiri pamasewera ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi," alemba A. Merkulov. - Kupanga kowala kopambana kwa woimba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati zosiyana: kumbali imodzi, kulowa modabwitsa komanso kukhudzidwa kwa mawuwo, komano, malingaliro osowa aluntha. Kuphatikiza apo, chilichonse mwazofunikira izi, zigawo zambiri zamkati, zimabweretsedwa mu luso la woyimba piyano waku Italiya ku mawonekedwe atsopano. Choncho, malire a gawo la maganizo mu sewero la Benedetti amachokera ku kutseguka kotentha, kuboola mantha ndi kuchita zinthu mopupuluma mpaka kukonzanso kwapadera, kukonzanso, kusinthika, kusinthika. Luntha limawonekeranso pakupanga malingaliro ozama aukadaulo, komanso kusanja komveka bwino kwa kutanthauzira, komanso m'gulu linalake, kusinkhasinkha kwamatanthauzidwe ake angapo, komanso kuchepetsa zomwe zimapangidwira pakusewera pa siteji.

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Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli anabadwa pa January 5, 1920 mumzinda wa Brescia, kumpoto kwa Italy. Analandira maphunziro ake oyambirira a nyimbo ali ndi zaka zinayi. Poyamba anaphunzira violin, kenako anayamba kuphunzira limba. Koma kuyambira ali mwana Arturo anali kudwala chibayo, chimene chinasanduka chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, violin anayenera kusiyidwa.

Thanzi loipa la woimba wachinyamatayo silinamulole kunyamula katundu wowirikiza.

Mlangizi woyamba wa Michelangeli anali Paulo Kemeri. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi, Arturo anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Milan Conservatory m'kalasi ya woyimba piyano wotchuka Giovanni Anfossi.

Zinkawoneka kuti tsogolo la Michelangeli linasankhidwa. Koma mwadzidzidzi ananyamuka kupita ku nyumba ya amonke ya ku Franciscan, kumene amakagwira ntchito ya olimba kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Michelangeli sanakhale wamonke. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chilengedwe chinakhudza dziko lonse la woimbayo.

Mu 1938, Michelangeli adatenga nawo gawo pa International Piano Competition ku Brussels, komwe adatenga malo achisanu ndi chiwiri. Woweruza wampikisano SE Feinberg, yemwe mwina akunena za ufulu wachikondi wa ochita nawo mpikisano wabwino kwambiri waku Italy, adalemba kuti amasewera "ndi nzeru zakunja, koma zamakhalidwe abwino", komanso kuti machitidwe awo "amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa malingaliro mu kutanthauzira kwa ntchitoyo ".

Kutchuka kunabwera kwa Michelangeli atapambana mpikisano ku Geneva mu 1939. "Liszt watsopano anabadwa," otsutsa nyimbo analemba. A. Cortot ndi mamembala ena a jury anapereka kuwunika kosangalatsa kwa masewera achichepere a ku Italy. Zinkawoneka kuti tsopano palibe chimene chingalepheretse Michelangeli kukhala ndi chipambano, koma Nkhondo Yadziko II posakhalitsa inayamba. - Amatenga nawo mbali pagulu lotsutsa, akudziwa bwino ntchito ya woyendetsa ndege, polimbana ndi chipani cha Nazi.

Amavulazidwa m'manja, kumangidwa, kuikidwa m'ndende, komwe amakhala pafupifupi miyezi 8, akugwiritsa ntchito mwayi, akuthawa m'ndende - ndi momwe amathamangira! pa ndege ya adani yobedwa. Ndizovuta kunena kuti chowonadi chili kuti komanso zopeka zaunyamata wankhondo wa Michelangeli. Iye mwiniyo anali wozengereza kwambiri kukhudza nkhaniyi pokambirana ndi atolankhani. Koma ngakhale pali pafupifupi theka la chowonadi pano, zimangodabwitsidwa - palibe chonga ichi padziko lapansi pamaso pa Michelangeli kapena pambuyo pake.

"Pamapeto pa nkhondo, Michelangeli potsiriza akubwerera ku nyimbo. Woyimba piyano amaimba pazigawo zolemekezeka kwambiri ku Europe ndi USA. Koma sakanakhala Michelangeli ngati akanachita zonse monga ena. "Sindimasewera anthu ena," Michelangeli adanenapo nthawi ina, "Ndimasewera ndekha Ndipo kwa ine, kawirikawiri, zilibe kanthu ngati pali omvera muholo kapena ayi. Ndikakhala pa kiyibodi ya piyano, chilichonse chondizungulira chimasowa.

Kuli nyimbo zokha koma nyimbo basi.”

Woyimba piyano amapita ku siteji kokha pamene akumva bwino komanso ali ndi maganizo. Woyimbayo adayeneranso kukhutitsidwa kwathunthu ndi ma acoustic ndi zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikubwera. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nthawi zambiri zinthu zonse sizinagwirizane, ndipo konsatiyo idathetsedwa.

Palibe amene adakhalapo ndi ma concert ambiri omwe adalengezedwa komanso kuthetsedwa ngati a Michelangeli. Anthu otsutsawo ananenanso kuti woimba piyano analetsa makonsati ambiri kuposa amene anawapatsa! Michelangeli nthawi ina adakana kusewera ku Carnegie Hall komwe! Iye sankakonda limba, kapena mwina kuyimba kwake.

Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kukana koteroko sikunganenedwe chifukwa chongofuna. Chitsanzo chingaperekedwe pamene Michelangeli adachita ngozi ya galimoto ndipo adathyoka nthiti, ndipo patapita maola angapo adakwera siteji.

Pambuyo pake, anakhala chaka chimodzi m’chipatala! Mbiri ya woyimba piyano inali ndi ntchito zochepa za olemba osiyanasiyana:

Scarlatti, Bach, Busoni, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninov, Debussy, Ravel ndi ena.

Michelangeli adatha kuphunzira chidutswa chatsopano kwa zaka zambiri asanachiphatikize pamapulogalamu ake a konsati. Koma ngakhale pambuyo pake, iye anabwerera ku ntchito imeneyi kangapo, kupeza mitundu yatsopano ndi mikangano maganizo mmenemo. "Ponena za nyimbo zomwe ndakhala ndikuimba mwina maulendo makumi kapena mazana, nthawi zonse ndimayamba kuyambira pachiyambi," adatero. Zili ngati nyimbo zatsopano kwa ine.

Nthawi zonse ndikayamba ndi malingaliro omwe amandigwira panthawiyo.

Maonekedwe a woimbayo sanaphatikizepo njira ya subjectivist pa ntchitoyi:

"Ntchito yanga ndikuwonetsa cholinga cha wolemba, kufuna kwa wolemba, kusonyeza mzimu ndi kalata ya nyimbo zomwe ndimapanga," adatero. - Ndimayesetsa kuwerenga mawu a nyimbo molondola. Chilichonse chiri pamenepo, chirichonse chalembedwa. Michelangeli adayesetsa kuchita chinthu chimodzi - ungwiro.

N'chifukwa chake anayendera mizinda ya ku Ulaya kwa nthawi yaitali ndi limba wake ndi chochunira, ngakhale kuti ndalama mu nkhani iyi nthawi zambiri kuposa malipiro a zisudzo ake. ponena za mmisiri ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri la "zopangidwa" zomveka, "Tsypin analemba.

Wotsutsa wotchuka wa ku Moscow DA Rabinovich analemba mu 1964, pambuyo pa ulendo wa woyimba piyano ku USSR kuti: “Njira ya Michelangeli ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri pakati pa zomwe zidakhalapo. Kutengera malire a zomwe zingatheke, ndizokongola. Zimadzetsa chisangalalo, kumva kusilira kukongola kogwirizana kwa "piyano mtheradi".

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkhani ya GG Neuhaus "Pianist Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli" inawonekera, yomwe inati: "Kwa nthawi yoyamba, woimba piyano wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli anabwera ku USSR. Makonsati ake oyambirira mu Nyumba Yaikulu ya Conservatory nthawi yomweyo anatsimikizira kuti kutchuka kwakukulu kwa woimba piyanoyu kunali koyenera, kuti chidwi chachikulu ndi kuyembekezera kosaleza mtima komwe kunawonetsedwa ndi omvera omwe anadzaza holo ya konsati kuti akwanitse - ndipo analandira kukhutira kwathunthu. Benedetti-Michelangeli anakhaladi woyimba piyano wapamwamba kwambiri, kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe pafupi ndi yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri, mayunitsi ochepa akhoza kuikidwa. Zimakhala zovuta mu ndemanga yachidule kuti ndilembe zonse zomwe amamukonda kwambiri womvera za iye, ndikufuna kulankhula zambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane, koma ngakhale, osachepera mwachidule, ndidzaloledwa kuzindikira chinthu chachikulu. Choyamba, m'pofunika kutchula ungwiro wosamvetseka wa ntchito yake, ungwiro kuti salola ngozi iliyonse, kusinthasintha kwa mphindi, palibe zopatuka kuchokera abwino ntchito, kamodzi anazindikira ndi iye, anakhazikitsa ndi ntchito ndi. ntchito yayikulu yotaya mtima. Ungwiro, mgwirizano m'chilichonse - mu lingaliro lonse la ntchito, mu luso, momveka bwino, mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane, komanso mwachizoloŵezi.

Nyimbo zake zimafanana ndi chiboliboli cha nsangalabwi, chowoneka bwino kwambiri, chopangidwa kuti chiyime kwa zaka mazana ambiri popanda kusintha, ngati kuti sichikugwirizana ndi malamulo a nthawi, zotsutsana zake ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Ngati ndinganene choncho, kukwaniritsidwa kwake ndi mtundu wa "standardization" wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wovuta kukhazikitsa, chinthu chosowa kwambiri, chosatheka, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "zabwino" muyeso womwe PI Tchaikovsky adagwiritsa ntchito. iye, amene ankakhulupirira kuti mu zonse palibe ntchito wangwiro mu nyimbo dziko, kuti ungwiro zimatheka kokha mu nthawi rarest, mu kupsa ndi poyambira, ngakhale unyinji wa zokongola, zabwino, luso, nyimbo wanzeru. Monga woimba piyano aliyense wamkulu kwambiri, Benedetti-Michelangeli ali ndi phokoso lolemera kwambiri: maziko a nyimbo - phokoso la nthawi - amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka malire. Pano pali woyimba piyano yemwe amadziwa kuberekanso kubadwa koyamba kwa phokoso ndi kusintha kwake konse ndi kutsika kwake mpaka ku fortissimo, nthawi zonse kumakhala mkati mwa malire a chisomo ndi kukongola. Pulasitiki ya masewera ake ndi yodabwitsa, pulasitiki yazitsulo zakuya, zomwe zimapereka masewera ochititsa chidwi a chiaroscuro. Osati kokha machitidwe a Debussy, wojambula wamkulu kwambiri mu nyimbo, komanso Scarlatti ndi Beethoven anali ochuluka mu zobisika ndi zokopa za nsalu zomveka, kugawanika kwake ndi kumveka bwino, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri kumva mu ungwiro wotero.

Benedetti-Michelangeli samangomvetsera ndikudzimva yekha mwangwiro, koma mumakhala ndi malingaliro akuti akuganiza nyimbo pamene akusewera, mumakhalapo panthawi yamaganizo a nyimbo, choncho, zikuwoneka kwa ine, nyimbo zake zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosatsutsika pa womvera. Iye amangokupangitsani inu kuganiza limodzi ndi iye. Izi ndi zomwe zimakupangitsani kumvetsera ndikumva nyimbo pamakonsati ake.

Ndipo katundu wina, wodziwika kwambiri wa woyimba piyano wamakono, amakhala wobadwa mwa iye: sadzisewera yekha, amasewera wolemba komanso momwe amasewerera! Tinamva Scarlatti, Bach (Chaconne), Beethoven (onse oyambirira - Sonata Wachitatu, ndi mochedwa - Sonata 32), ndi Chopin, ndi Debussy, ndipo wolemba aliyense adawonekera pamaso pathu payekha payekha. Ndi woimba yekha amene wamvetsetsa malamulo a nyimbo ndi luso mozama ndi malingaliro ndi mtima wake akhoza kuimba motero. Mosakayikira, izi zimafuna (kupatulapo malingaliro ndi mtima) njira zapamwamba kwambiri zaukadaulo (kukula kwa zida zamagalimoto aminofu, symbiosis yabwino ya woyimba piyano ndi chida). Ku Benedetti-Michelangeli, amapangidwa m'njira yakuti, kumvetsera kwa iye, munthu amasilira osati luso lake lalikulu, komanso ntchito yaikulu yofunikira kuti abweretse zolinga zake ndi luso lake ku ungwiro wotero.

Pamodzi ndi kuchita ntchito, Michelangeli nayenso bwinobwino chinkhoswe mu uphunzitsi. Anayamba zaka za nkhondo isanayambe, koma anayamba kuphunzitsa kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1940. Michelangeli anaphunzitsa makalasi a piyano kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale a Bologna ndi Venice ndi mizinda ina ya ku Italy. Woimbayo adayambitsanso sukulu yake ku Bolzano.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'chilimwe adakonza maphunziro apadziko lonse a oimba piyano achichepere ku Arezzo, pafupi ndi Florence. The ndalama mwayi wophunzira chidwi Michelangeli pafupifupi osachepera. Komanso, ali wokonzeka kuthandiza anthu aluso. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi chidwi ndi wophunzira. "Munjira iyi, mopanda chitetezo, kunja, mulimonse, moyo wa Michelangeli unayenda mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma sikisite," akulemba Tsypin. anagona galimoto, iye anali, mwa njira, pafupifupi katswiri woyendetsa galimoto, analandira mphoto mu mpikisano. Michelangeli ankakhala modzichepetsa, modzichepetsa, pafupifupi nthawi zonse ankayenda mu sweti yake yakuda yakuda, nyumba yake sinali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zokongoletsera kuchokera ku selo ya amonke. Ankaimba piyano nthawi zambiri usiku, pamene adatha kusagwirizana ndi chirichonse chakunja, kuchokera ku chilengedwe chakunja.

Iye anati: “N’kofunika kwambiri kuti musataye mtima wanu. "Asanapite kwa anthu, wojambula ayenera kupeza njira yodzipezera yekha." Iwo amanena kuti mlingo wa ntchito Michelangeli kwa chida anali kwambiri: maola 7-8 pa tsiku. Komabe, atalankhula naye pamutuwu, iye anayankha mokwiya kuti anagwira ntchito maola onse 24, mbali imodzi yokha ya ntchito imeneyi inachitidwa kuseri kwa kiyibodi ya piyano, ndi mbali ina kunja kwake.

Mu 1967-1968, kampani yojambulira, yomwe Michelangeli adagwirizana ndi maudindo ena azachuma, mwadzidzidzi adasowa. Bailiff adalanda katundu wa woimbayo. "Michelangeli ali pachiwopsezo chokhala wopanda denga pamutu pake," adalemba nyuzipepala ya ku Italy masiku ano. “Piyano, zomwe akupitirizabe kufunafuna ungwiro, sizikhala zake. Kumangidwaku kumawonjezeranso ndalama zomwe amapeza m'makonsati ake amtsogolo. "

Michelangeli mowawa, osadikirira thandizo, adachoka ku Italy ndikukhazikika ku Switzerland ku Lugano. Kumeneko anakhalako mpaka imfa yake pa June 12, 1995. Makonsati posachedwapa anachepa. Kusewera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, sanasewerenso ku Italy.

Munthu wamkulu ndi wolimba mtima wa Benedetti Michelangeli, mosakayika woimba piyano wa ku Italy wamkulu koposa wapakati pa zaka za zana lathu, akukwera ngati nsonga yapayekha m’mapiri a zimphona za kulimba piyano kwa dziko. Maonekedwe ake onse pa siteji akuwonetsa kukhazikika kwachisoni komanso kudzipatula kudziko lapansi. Palibe kaimidwe, kopanda zisudzo, kusayang'ana pa omvera komanso kumwetulira, palibe zikomo chifukwa cha kuwomba m'manja pambuyo pa konsati. Akuwoneka kuti sakuwona kuwomba m'manja: ntchito yake yakwaniritsidwa. Nyimbo zomwe zidangomulumikiza kwa anthu zidasiya kumveka, ndipo kulumikizanako kudasiya. Nthawi zina zikuwoneka kuti omvera amamusokoneza, amamukwiyitsa.

Palibe, mwinamwake, amene amachita zochepa kwambiri kuti atsanulire ndi "kudziwonetsera" mu nyimbo zomwe zimachitika, monga Benedetti Michelangeli. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo - modabwitsa - anthu ochepa amasiya chizindikiro chosadziwika cha umunthu pa chidutswa chilichonse chimene amachita, pa mawu aliwonse ndi phokoso lililonse, monga momwe amachitira. Kusewera kwake kumachititsa chidwi ndi kusakhoza kwake, kukhalitsa, kulingalira mozama ndi kumaliza; zikuwoneka kuti gawo la kukonzanso, kudabwa ndi lachilendo kwa iye - zonse zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, zonse zimagulitsidwa momveka bwino, zonse zikhoza kukhala motere ndipo palibe china.

Koma bwanji, ndiye, masewerawa akugwira omvera, amamuphatikiza panjira yake, ngati kuti pamaso pake pa siteji ntchitoyo ikubadwa mwatsopano, komanso kwa nthawi yoyamba?!

Mthunzi wa tsoka, mtundu wina wa tsogolo losapeŵeka ukuzungulira pa luso la Michelangeli, kuphimba chirichonse chimene zala zake zimagwira. Ndikoyenera kuyerekeza Chopin wake ndi Chopin yemweyo wochitidwa ndi ena - oimba piyano kwambiri; Ndikoyenera kumvetsera zomwe sewero lakuya la Grieg likuwonekera mwa iye - lomwe limawala ndi kukongola ndi ndakatulo za nyimbo mwa anzake ena, kuti mumve, pafupifupi kuwona ndi maso anu mthunzi uwu, mochititsa chidwi, wosasintha. nyimbo yokha. Ndipo Tchaikovsky's First, Rachmaninoff's Fourth - izi ndizosiyana bwanji ndi zonse zomwe mudamvapo kale?! Kodi ndizodabwitsa pambuyo pa izi kuti katswiri wodziwa luso la piyano DA Rabinovich, yemwe mwinamwake anamva oimba piyano onse a m'zaka za zana, atamva Benedetti Michelangeli pa siteji, adavomereza; "Sindinakumanepo ndi woyimba piyano wotero, zolembedwa ngati izi, munthu payekha - zodabwitsa, komanso zakuya, komanso zowoneka bwino - sindinakumanepo nazo m'moyo wanga" ...

Kuwerenganso zolemba zambiri ndi ndemanga za wojambula wa ku Italy, wolembedwa ku Moscow ndi Paris, London ndi Prague, New York ndi Vienna, modabwitsa nthawi zambiri, mudzakumana ndi mawu amodzi - mawu amodzi amatsenga, ngati kuti akufuna kudziwa malo ake. dziko la luso lamakono la kutanthauzira. , ndi ungwiro. Ndithudi, mawu olondola kwambiri. Michelangeli ndi katswiri weniweni wa ungwiro, amayesetsa kukhala ndi mgwirizano ndi kukongola kwa moyo wake wonse ndi mphindi iliyonse pa piyano, amafika pamtunda komanso wosakhutira ndi zomwe wapeza. Ungwiro uli m’makhalidwe abwino, m’kumvekera bwino kwa zolinga, mu kukongola kwa mawu, m’kumvana kwa zonse.

Poyerekeza woimba piyano ndi wojambula wamkulu wa Renaissance Raphael, D. Rabinovich analemba kuti: “Ndi mfundo ya Raphael imene imatsanuliridwa mu luso lake ndi kutsimikizira mbali zake zofunika kwambiri. Masewerawa, omwe amadziwika makamaka ndi ungwiro - osapambana, osamvetsetseka. Imadzidziwitsa yokha kulikonse. Njira ya Michelangeli ndi imodzi mwazodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zidakhalapo. Kufikitsidwa kumalire a zotheka, sikunapangidwe "kugwedeza", "kuphwanya". Iye ndi wokongola. Zimadzetsa chisangalalo, kumverera kwa kusilira kukongola kogwirizana kwa piyano mtheradi… Michelangeli sadziwa zotchinga kaya muukadaulo ngati wotero kapena mugawo la mtundu. Chilichonse chili pansi pa iye, akhoza kuchita chirichonse chimene akufuna, ndipo chida ichi chopanda malire, ungwiro wa mawonekedwewa ndi wogonjera kwathunthu ku ntchito imodzi yokha - kukwaniritsa ungwiro wamkati. Zotsirizirazi, ngakhale zimawoneka zophweka zachikale komanso zachuma za kufotokozera, malingaliro abwino ndi malingaliro otanthauzira, samawoneka mosavuta. Nditamvetsera Michelangeli, poyamba zinkawoneka kwa ine kuti ankasewera bwino nthawi ndi nthawi. Kenaka ndinazindikira kuti nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi amandikokera mwamphamvu m’njira ya dziko lake lalikulu, lakuya, locholoŵana kwambiri. Kuchita kwa Michelangeli ndikovuta. Iye akuyembekezera kumvetsera mwachidwi, molimba mtima. Inde, mawu ameneŵa akufotokoza zambiri, koma zosayembekezereka kwambiri ndi mawu a wojambulayo mwiniwakeyo: “Ungwiro ndi mawu amene sindinawamvepo. Ungwiro umatanthauza malire, bwalo loipa. Chinthu china ndi chisinthiko. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndikulemekeza wolemba. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kukopera zolembazo ndi kubwereza makopewa mwa ntchito yake, koma ayenera kuyesa kutanthauzira zolinga za wolembayo, osati kuika nyimbo zake mu utumiki wa zolinga zake zaumwini.

Ndiye kodi tanthauzo la chisinthikochi chomwe woimbayo akunena ndi chiyani? Mu kuyerekezera kosalekeza kwa mzimu ndi chilembo cha zomwe zinalengedwa ndi wopeka? Mucikozyanyo ca “buumi butamani” mbobubede, ncinzi ncotukonzya kwiiya kujatikizya mbomumvwa? Mwinanso mu izi. Komanso m’chisonyezero chosapeŵeka cha luntha la munthu, mzimu wamphamvu wa munthu pa nyimbo imene ikuimbidwa, imene nthaŵi zina imatha kuikweza pamwamba kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse, nthaŵi zina kuipatsa tanthauzo lokulirapo kuposa limene linalimo poyamba. Izi zinali nthawi ina ndi Rachmaninoff, woimba piyano yekhayo amene Michelangeli amamugwadira, ndipo izi zimachitika ndi iye mwini, kunena, ndi B. Galuppi's Sonata mu C Major kapena sonatas ambiri a D. Scarlatti.

Nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti Michelangeli, titero kunena kwake, amatengera woyimba piyano wazaka za zana la XNUMX - nthawi yamakina pakukula kwa anthu, woyimba piyano yemwe alibe malo olimbikitsira, pakupanga zinthu. Mfundo imeneyi yapezanso anthu otithandizira m’dziko lathu. Pochita chidwi ndi ulendo wa wojambulayo, GM Kogan analemba kuti: “Njira yolenga ya Michelangeli ndiyo thupi la ‘m’badwo wojambula’; kuyimba kwa woyimba piyano wa ku Italy kumagwirizana bwino ndi zomwe amafuna. Chifukwa chake chikhumbo cha "zana pa zana" kulondola, ungwiro, kusalephera kwathunthu, komwe kumadziwika ndi masewerawa, komanso kuthamangitsidwa kotsimikizika kwa zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zingawopsezedwe, kupitilira mu "zosadziwika", zomwe G. Neuhaus adazitcha kuti "standardization" za magwiridwe antchito. Mosiyana ndi oimba piyano achikondi, pansi pa zala zawo zomwe ntchitoyo ikuwoneka nthawi yomweyo, yobadwa mwatsopano, Michelangeli samapanga ngakhale ntchito pa siteji: chirichonse apa chinalengedwa pasadakhale, kuyeza ndi kulemera, kuponyedwa kamodzi kokha mu malo osawonongeka. mawonekedwe okongola. Kuchokera mu mawonekedwe omalizidwa awa, woimba mu konsati, moganizira komanso mosamala, pindani ndi khola, amachotsa chophimbacho, ndipo chifaniziro chodabwitsa chikuwonekera patsogolo pathu mu ungwiro wake wa marble.

Mosakayikira, chinthu cha modzidzimutsa, modzidzimutsa mu masewera a Michelangeli palibe. Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti ungwiro wamkati umatheka kamodzi kokha, kunyumba, mu ntchito yabata ya ofesi, ndipo chirichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa anthu ndi mtundu wa kopi kuchokera ku chitsanzo chimodzi? Koma makope angatani, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali abwino komanso angwiro bwanji, mobwerezabwereza amayatsa mantha amkati mwa omvera - ndipo izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri?! Kodi wojambula yemwe amadzitengera yekha chaka ndi chaka amakhala pamwamba?! Ndipo, potsiriza, n'chifukwa chiyani "woyimba piyano" kawirikawiri komanso monyinyirika, movutikira, amalemba, chifukwa chiyani ngakhale lero zolemba zake ndizosawerengeka poyerekeza ndi zolemba za oyimba piyano "odziwika" ochepa?

Sikophweka kuyankha mafunso onsewa, kuthetsa mwambi wa Michelangeli mpaka mapeto. Aliyense amavomereza kuti tili ndi wojambula wamkulu wa piyano patsogolo pathu. Koma chinthu chinanso ndi chomveka bwino: chinsinsi cha luso lake ndiloti, popanda kusiya omvera osayanjanitsika, amatha kuwagawa kukhala omvera ndi otsutsa, omwe ali pafupi ndi moyo ndi luso la wojambula, ndi omwe ali pafupi nawo. iye ndi mlendo. Mulimonsemo, lusoli silingatchulidwe kuti alitist. Woyeretsedwa - inde, koma osankhika - ayi! Wojambula sakufuna kuyankhula ndi anthu apamwamba okha, "amalankhula" ngati kuti ali yekha, ndipo womvera - womvera ali ndi ufulu kuvomereza ndi kusirira kapena kukangana - komabe amamuyamikira. Sizingatheke kuti musamvere mawu a Michelangeli - izi ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, yachinsinsi ya talente yake.

Mwina yankho la mafunso ambiri lili m’mawu ake akuti: “Woyimba piyano sayenera kufotokoza maganizo ake. Chinthu chachikulu, chofunika kwambiri, ndicho kumva mzimu wa wolemba. Ndinayesetsa kukulitsa ndi kuphunzitsa khalidwe limeneli mwa ophunzira anga. Vuto ndi m'badwo wamakono wa ojambula achichepere ndikuti amayang'ana kwambiri podziwonetsera okha. Ndipo uwu ndi msampha: mukangogwera mmenemo, mumapeza kuti mulibe njira yotulukira. Chinthu chachikulu kwa woimba nyimbo ndikuphatikizana ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro a munthu amene adapanga nyimboyo. Kuphunzira nyimbo ndi chiyambi chabe. Umunthu weniweni wa woyimba piyano umayamba kudziwonetsera yekha pamene afika mukulankhulana kwakuya kwaluntha ndi maganizo ndi woimbayo. Titha kulankhula za luso loimba pokhapokha ngati woyimbayo adziwa bwino kuyimba piyano ... sindimasewera ena - chifukwa cha ine ndekha komanso chifukwa chotumikira woimbayo. Palibe kusiyana kulikonse kwa ine ngati ndisewerera anthu kapena ayi. Ndikakhala pansi pa kiyibodi, chilichonse chondizungulira chimasiya kukhalapo. Ndimaganizira zomwe ndikusewera, za mawu omwe ndimapanga, chifukwa ndizomwe zimachitika m'maganizo."

Zodabwitsa, zinsinsi zimaphimba osati luso la Michelangeli; nthano zambiri zachikondi zimagwirizana ndi mbiri yake. "Ndine Msilavo wobadwa, pang'ono pang'ono magazi a Asilavo amayenda m'mitsempha yanga, ndipo ndimawona Austria kukhala dziko langa. Inu mukhoza kunditcha ine Chisilavo mwa kubadwa ndi Austrian ndi chikhalidwe, "woimba piyano, amene amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi monga mbuye wamkulu Italy, amene anabadwira ku Brescia ndipo anakhala nthawi yambiri ya moyo wake Italy, kamodzi anauza mtolankhani.

Njira yake sinali yodzala ndi maluwa. Atayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ali ndi zaka 4, adalakalaka kukhala woyimba violini mpaka zaka 10, koma pambuyo pa chibayo adadwala chifuwa chachikulu ndipo adakakamizika "kuyambiranso" piyano, popeza mayendedwe ambiri okhudzana ndi kusewera violin anali. contraindicated kwa iye. Komabe, anali violin ndi chiwalo ("Kulankhula za phokoso langa," iye anati, "sitiyenera kulankhula za limba, koma za kuphatikiza limba ndi violin"), malinga ndi iye, anamuthandiza kupeza njira yake. Kale pa zaka 14, mnyamatayo anamaliza maphunziro a Milan Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira ndi Pulofesa Giovanni Anfossi (ndipo anaphunzira mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali).

Mu 1938 adalandira mphoto yachisanu ndi chiwiri pampikisano wapadziko lonse ku Brussels. Tsopano izi nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa ngati "kulephera kwachilendo", "kulakwitsa koopsa kwa oweruza", kuyiwala kuti woyimba piyano wa ku Italy anali ndi zaka 17 zokha, kuti adayesa dzanja lake pa mpikisano wovuta kwambiri, kumene otsutsanawo anali apadera. amphamvu: ambiri a iwo adakhalanso posachedwa nyenyezi za ukulu woyamba. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri, Michelangeli mosavuta anakhala wopambana wa mpikisano Geneva ndi mwayi kuyamba ntchito wanzeru, ngati nkhondo sanali kusokoneza. Wojambulayo samakumbukira zaka zimenezo mosavuta, koma amadziwika kuti anali nawo mbali mu gulu la Resistance, anathawa kundende ya ku Germany, anakhala wogawanika, ndipo adadziwa ntchito ya woyendetsa ndege.

Pamene kuwomberako kunatha, Michelangeli anali ndi zaka 25; Woyimba piyano adataya 5 mwa iwo m'zaka zankhondo, 3 enanso - mu sanatorium komwe adalandira chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu. Koma tsopano ziyembekezo zabwino zinatseguka pamaso pake. Komabe, Michelangeli ali kutali ndi mtundu wamasewera amakono; wokayikira nthawi zonse, wosadzidalira. Sikuti "sakwanira" mu "conveyor" wa konsati wamasiku athu ano. Amakhala zaka zambiri akuphunzira zatsopano, kuletsa zoimbaimba nthawi ndi nthawi (otsutsa amati adaletsa zambiri kuposa zomwe adasewera). Popereka chidwi chapadera pakumveka bwino, wojambulayo adakonda kuyenda ndi piyano yake ndi chochunira chake kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zidakwiyitsa oyang'anira ndi mawu achipongwe m'manyuzipepala. Zotsatira zake, amawononga ubale ndi amalonda, ndi makampani ojambulira, ndi olemba nyuzipepala. Mphekesera zoseketsa zimafalitsidwa ponena za iye, ndipo mbiri ya kukhala munthu wovuta, wodziŵika bwino ndi wosasunthika imaperekedwa kwa iye.

Pakalipano, munthu uyu sawona cholinga china patsogolo pake, kupatulapo ntchito yodzipereka yojambula. Kuyenda ndi piyano ndi chochunira kumamutengera ndalama zambiri; koma amapereka makonsati ambiri kuti athandize oimba piyano achichepere kupeza maphunziro athunthu. Amatsogolera makalasi a piyano ku conservatories za Bologna ndi Venice, amachita masemina apachaka ku Arezzo, akukonzekera sukulu yake ku Bergamo ndi Bolzano, kumene samangolandira malipiro a maphunziro ake, komanso amapereka maphunziro kwa ophunzira; amakonza ndipo kwa zaka zingapo amachita zikondwerero mayiko luso limba, mwa ophunzira amene anali zisudzo waukulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Soviet limba Yakov Flier.

Michelangeli monyinyirika, "kupyolera mu mphamvu" amalembedwa, ngakhale makampani amamutsatira ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 60, gulu la amalonda linamukokera ku bungwe la bizinesi yake, BDM-Polyfon, yomwe imayenera kumasula zolemba zake. Koma malonda si a Michelangeli, ndipo posakhalitsa kampaniyo imasowa ndalama, ndipo ndi wojambulayo. Ndicho chifukwa chake m'zaka zaposachedwapa sanasewere ku Italy, zomwe zinalephera kuyamikira "mwana wake wovuta". Saseweranso ku USA, komwe mzimu wamalonda umalamulira, wachilendo kwambiri kwa iye. Wojambulayo adasiyanso kuphunzitsa. Amakhala m'nyumba yocheperako m'tawuni ya Switzerland ya Lugano, akuphwanya kuthamangitsidwa mwaufulu ndi maulendo - zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, popeza ochepa a impresario amayesa kuchita naye mapangano, ndipo matenda samamusiya. Koma konsati yake iliyonse (nthawi zambiri ku Prague kapena Vienna) imasanduka chochitika chosaiwalika kwa omvera, ndipo kujambula kwatsopano kumatsimikizira kuti mphamvu za kulenga za wojambula sizichepa: ingomverani mabuku awiri a Debussy's Preludes, omwe anagwidwa mu 1978-1979.

Mu "kufunafuna nthawi yotayika," Michelangeli pazaka zambiri adayenera kusintha malingaliro ake pa repertoire. Anthu, m’mawu ake, “anam’lepheretsa kufufuza”; ngati ali wamng'ono ankakonda kuimba nyimbo zamakono, tsopano ankangoika zofuna zake makamaka pa nyimbo za m'ma XNUMX ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Koma repertoire ake ndi osiyana kwambiri kuposa momwe ambiri amachitira: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, Rachmaninov, Brahms, Liszt, Ravel, Debussy akuimiridwa mu mapulogalamu ake ndi ma concert, sonatas, cycle, miniatures.

Mikhalidwe yonseyi, yomwe imazindikiridwa mopweteka ndi psyche yosavutikira ya wojambulayo, imapatsa gawo lina chinsinsi chowonjezera pa luso lake lamanjenje komanso loyengedwa, kuthandiza kumvetsetsa komwe mthunzi wowopsawo umagwera, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti asamve mumasewera ake. Koma umunthu wa Michelangeli sikuti nthawi zonse umagwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha "wonyada ndi wachisoni wosungulumwa", womwe umakhazikika m'maganizo a ena.

Ayi, amadziwa kukhala wosavuta, wokondwa komanso wochezeka, zomwe anzake ambiri anganene, amadziwa kusangalala ndi kukumana ndi anthu ndikukumbukira chisangalalo ichi. Msonkhano ndi omvera Soviet mu 1964 anakhalabe kukumbukira chowala kwa iye. “Kumeneko, kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu,” iye anatero pambuyo pake, “chakudya chauzimu chikadali chofunika koposa chakudya chakuthupi: kuli kosangalatsa kwambiri kuseŵera kumeneko, omvetsera amafuna kudzipereka kotheratu kwa inu.” Ndipo izi ndi zomwe wojambula amafunikira, monga mpweya.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990