Giuseppe Di Stefano |

Giuseppe Di Stefano

Leoncavallo. "Pagliacs". "Vesti la giubba" (Giuseppe Di Stefano)

Di Stefano ndi wa mlalang'amba wodabwitsa wa oimba omwe adatuluka pambuyo pa nkhondo ndipo adakhala kunyada kwa luso la mawu aku Italy. VV Timokhin akuti: “Zithunzi za Edgar (“Lucia di Lammermoor” lolembedwa ndi Donizetti), Arthur ndi Elvino (“The Puritani” ndi “La Sonnambula” lolembedwa ndi Bellini) zopangidwa ndi Di Stefano zinam’pezera kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Apa woimbayo akuwoneka ali ndi zida zonse za luso lake: mawu ake odabwitsa, osalala, mawu omveka bwino ndi cantilena, odzaza ndi kumverera kokondweretsa, woyimba ndi "mdima", wolemera modabwitsa, wandiweyani, womveka bwino.

Akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale amapeza Di Stefano woimba, mwachitsanzo, monga Edgar, wolowa m'malo woyenera wa tenor wamkulu wa zaka zapitazo, Giovanni Battista Rubini, yemwe adalenga chithunzi chosaiwalika cha wokondedwa wa Lucia mu opera ya Donizetti.

M'modzi mwa otsutsa pakuwunika kwa kujambula kwa "Lucia" (ndi Callas ndi Di Stefano) adalemba mwachindunji kuti, ngakhale dzina la wochita bwino kwambiri paudindo wa Edgar m'zaka zapitazi tsopano lazunguliridwa ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino. mwanjira yovuta kuganiza kuti atha kupanga zambiri kwa omvera kuposa Di Stefano polemba izi. Wina sangagwirizane ndi malingaliro a wolemba: Edgar - Di Stefano ndithudi ndi imodzi mwa masamba ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a luso la mawu amasiku athu. Mwinamwake, ngati wojambulayo adasiya zolemba izi, ndiye kuti dzina lake likanakhala pakati pa oimba akuluakulu a nthawi yathu.

Giuseppe Di Stefano anabadwira ku Catania pa July 24, 1921 m'banja la asilikali. Mnyamata nayenso poyamba anali kukhala msilikali, panthawiyo panalibe zizindikiro za ntchito yake ya opaleshoni.

Pokhapokha ku Milan, kumene anaphunzira ku seminare, mmodzi wa anzake, wokonda kwambiri luso la mawu, amaumirira kuti Giuseppe apite kwa aphunzitsi odziwa bwino kuti apeze malangizo. Pa malingaliro awo, mnyamatayo, kusiya seminare, anayamba kuphunzira mawu. Makolo anathandiza mwana wawo ndipo anasamukira ku Milan.

Di Stefano ankaphunzira ndi Luigi Montesanto pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayamba. Anamulowetsa m’gulu lankhondo, koma sanapite kunkhondo. Anathandizidwa ndi m’modzi mwa akuluakulu aja, yemwe ankakonda kwambiri mawu a msilikali wachinyamatayo. Ndipo chakumapeto kwa 1943, pamene mbali ina ya Di Stefano inayenera kupita ku Germany, anathaŵira ku Switzerland. Apa woimbayo anapereka zoimbaimba wake woyamba, pulogalamu amene anali otchuka opera Arias ndi nyimbo Italy.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo, kubwerera kwawo, anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Montesanto. Pa Epulo 1946, 1947, Giuseppe adayamba ngati de Grieux mu opera ya Massenet ya Manon ku Municipal Theatre ya Reggio Emilia. Kumapeto kwa chaka, wojambulayo amasewera ku Switzerland, ndipo mu Marichi XNUMX amachita kwa nthawi yoyamba pa siteji ya La Scala yodziwika bwino.

Kumapeto kwa 1947, Di Stefano anayesedwa ndi mkulu wa New York Metropolitan Opera, Edward Johnson, yemwe anali patchuthi ku Italy. Kuchokera m'mawu oyamba omwe adayimba woimbayo, wotsogolera adazindikira kuti pamaso pake panali nyimbo ya nyimbo, yomwe inali isanakhalepo kwa nthawi yaitali. "Ayenera kuyimba ku Met, ndipo munyengo yomweyo!" Johnson adaganiza.

Mu February 1948, Di Stefano adayamba ku Metropolitan Opera monga Duke ku Rigoletto ndipo adakhala woyimba yekha wa bwaloli. Luso la woimbayo silinadziwike ndi omvera okha, komanso otsutsa nyimbo.

Kwa nyengo zisanu zotsatizana, Di Stefano anaimba ku New York, makamaka nyimbo zanyimbo monga Nemorino (“Love Potion”), de Grieux (“Manon” Massenet), Alfreda (“La Traviata”), Wilhelm (“Mignon” Thomas), Rinuccio ("Gianni Schicchi" wolemba Puccini).

Woimba wotchuka Toti Dal Monte anakumbukira kuti sakanatha kulira pamene anamvetsera Di Stefano pa siteji ya La Scala ku Mignon - ntchito ya wojambulayo inali yogwira mtima komanso yauzimu.

Monga soloist wa Metropolitan, woimbayo anachita m'mayiko a Central ndi South America - ndi kupambana kwathunthu. Mfundo imodzi yokha: mu Rio de Janeiro Theatre, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zaka zambiri, lamulo linaphwanyidwa, amene analetsa encores pa ntchito.

Kuyambira nyengo ya 1952/53, Di Stefano akuyimbanso ku La Scala, komwe amachita mwaluso mbali za Rudolph ndi Enzo (La Gioconda lolemba Ponchielli). Mu nyengo ya 1954/55, adachita magawo asanu ndi limodzi apakati, omwe panthawiyo adawonetsa luso lake komanso momwe amasakira mbiri yake: Alvaro, Turiddu, Nemorino, Jose, Rudolf ndi Alfred.

VV Timokhin analemba kuti: "M'masewero a Verdi ndi olemba nyimbo za verist," Di Stefano akuwonekera pamaso pa omvera ngati woyimba wamtima wowoneka bwino, womveka bwino komanso mwaluso kufotokoza zovuta zonse za Verdi-Verist sewero lanyimbo, lokopa anthu olemera. , phokoso lalikulu, "loyandama" momasuka, mitundu yosadziwika bwino ya mithunzi yosunthika, pachimake champhamvu ndi "kuphulika" kwa malingaliro, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya timbre. Woimbayo ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha mawu ake omveka bwino a "zosema", mizere ya mawu mumasewero a Verdi ndi verists, kaya ndi chiphalaphala chotenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa chilakolako kapena kuwala, mpweya wokoma wa mphepo. Ngakhale m'magawo otchuka a opera monga, "Scene at the Ship" ("Manon Lescaut" ndi Puccini), Calaf's arias ("Turandot"), duet yomaliza ndi Mimi kuchokera ku "La Boheme", "Farewell to Mother". ” ("Ulemu wa Dziko"), Cavaradossi's arias kuchokera muzochita zoyamba ndi zachitatu za "Tosca", wojambulayo amakwaniritsa kutsitsimuka kodabwitsa komanso chisangalalo, kumasuka kwamalingaliro.

Kuyambira m'ma 50s, maulendo opambana a Di Stefano kuzungulira mizinda ya ku Ulaya ndi USA anapitiriza. Mu 1955, pa siteji ya West Berlin City Opera, iye nawo kupanga Donizetti a opera Lucia di Lammermoor. Kuyambira 1954, woimbayo wakhala akuimba pafupipafupi kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ku Chicago Lyric Theatre.

Mu nyengo ya 1955/56, Di Stefano anabwerera ku siteji ya Metropolitan Opera, kumene anaimba mu Carmen, Rigoletto ndi Tosca. Woimbayo nthawi zambiri amachita pa siteji ya Rome Opera House.

Pofuna kukulitsa luso lake lopanga, woyimbayo amawonjezera gawo la tenor yochititsa chidwi pazigawo zanyimbo. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya 1956/57 ku La Scala, Di Stefano anaimba nyimbo ya Radamès ku Aida, ndipo nyengo yotsatira ku Un ballo ku maschera adayimba gawo la Richard.

Ndipo mu maudindo a ndondomeko yochititsa chidwi, wojambulayo anali wopambana kwambiri ndi omvera. Mu opera "Carmen" chakumapeto kwa 50s, Di Stefano ankayembekezera kupambana kwenikweni pa siteji ya Vienna State Opera. M'modzi mwa otsutsawo adalembanso kuti: zikuwoneka ngati zosaneneka kwa iye momwe Carmen angakane Jose wamoto, wodekha, wachangu komanso wokhudza.

Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, Di Stefano ankaimba nthawi zonse ku Vienna State Opera. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1964 yekha anaimba pano mu zisudzo zisanu ndi ziwiri: Un ballo mu maschera, Carmen, Pagliacci, Madama Butterfly, Andre Chenier, La Traviata ndi Love Potion.

Mu January 1965, zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Di Stefano anaimbanso pa Metropolitan Opera. Atasewera gawo la Hoffmann mu "Tales of Hoffmann" ya Offenbach, sanathenso kuthana ndi zovuta za gawoli.

Kupitiliza kunachitika chaka chomwecho ku Colon Theatre ku Buenos Aires. Di Stefano adachita ku Tosca kokha, ndipo machitidwe a Un ballo ku maschera adayenera kuthetsedwa. Ndipo ngakhale, monga momwe otsutsa adalembera, m'magawo ena mawu a woimbayo adamveka bwino kwambiri, ndipo pianissimo yake yamatsenga mu duet ya Mario ndi Tosca kuchokera pachiwonetsero chachitatu inadzutsa chisangalalo cha omvera, zinaonekeratu kuti zaka zabwino kwambiri za woimbayo zinali kumbuyo kwake. .

Pa Chiwonetsero Chadziko Lonse ku Montreal "EXPO-67" mndandanda wa machitidwe a "Land of Smiles" ndi Lehár ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Di Stefano. Kukopa kwa wojambula ku operetta kunapambana. Woyimbayo adalimbana ndi gawo lake mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe. Mu November 1967, mu operetta yemweyo, iye anachita pa siteji ya Vienna Theatre "An der Wien". Mu May 1971, Di Stefano anaimba gawo la Orpheus mu operetta Orpheus ku Gahena wa Offenbach pa siteji ya Opera ya Rome.

Wojambulayo adabwerera ku siteji ya opera. Kumayambiriro kwa 1970 adachita gawo la Loris ku Fedora ku Liceu ya Barcelona ndi Rudolf ku La bohème ku Munich National Theatre.

Chimodzi mwazochita zomaliza za Di Stefano chinachitika mu nyengo ya 1970/71 ku La Scala. Tenor wotchuka adayimba gawo la Rudolf. Mawu a woimbayo, malinga ndi otsutsa, ankamveka bwino ngakhale pamtundu wonse, ofewa komanso amoyo, koma nthawi zina amalephera kulamulira mawu ake ndipo ankawoneka wotopa kwambiri pomaliza.

Adapanga koyamba mu 1946 (Reggio nel Emilia, gawo la De Grieux ku Manon's Massenet). Kuyambira 1947 ku La Scala. Mu 1948-65 anaimba pa Metropolitan Opera (kuyamba monga Duke). Mu 1950, paphwando la Arena di Verona, adachita gawo la Nadir mu Bizet's The Pearl Seekers. Mu 1954 iye anachita pa siteji ya Grand Opera monga Faust. Anaimba pa Chikondwerero cha Edinburgh (1957) gawo la Nemorino (Donizetti's Love Potion). Ku Covent Garden mu 1961 Cavaradossi. Wokondedwa wa Di Stefano pafupipafupi pa siteji ndi pa zojambula anali Maria Callas. Ndi iye, adapanga ulendo waukulu wamakonsati mu 1973. Di Stefano ndi woimba wodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Nyimbo zake zambiri zinaphatikizapo zigawo za Alfred, José, Canio, Calaf, Werther, Rudolf, Radames, Richard ku Un ballo ku maschera, Lensky ndi ena. Zina mwa zojambulira za woimbayo, masewera onse ojambulidwa ku EMI pamodzi ndi Callas akuwonekera: Puritani wa Bellini (Arthur), Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgar), Love Potion (Nemorino), La bohème (Rudolf), Tosca (Cavaradossi), " Troubadour” (Manrico) ndi ena. Iye anachita mafilimu.

E. Tsodokov