Balalaika: kufotokoza kwa chida, dongosolo, mbiri, momwe izo zikumveka, mitundu

Mawu akuti "Chida cha anthu aku Russia" nthawi yomweyo amakumbukira za perky balalaika. Chinthu chopanda ulemu chimachokera ku nthawi yakale, kutali kwambiri moti n'zosatheka kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe idawonekera, ikupitirizabe kukondweretsa okonda nyimbo mpaka lero.

Kodi balalaika ndi chiyani

Balalaika amatchedwa chida chodulira cha gulu la anthu. Masiku ano ndi banja lonse, kuphatikizapo mitundu isanu yaikulu.

Chida chipangizo

Zili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• thupi, katatu, lathyathyathya kutsogolo, kuzungulira, kukhala ndi 5-9 wedges kumbuyo;
• zingwe (chiwerengerocho chimakhala chofanana nthawi zonse - zidutswa zitatu);
• bokosi la mawu - dzenje lozungulira pakati pa thupi, kumbali yakutsogolo;
• khosi - mbale yayitali yamatabwa yomwe pali zingwe;
• zowawa - zingwe zoonda zomwe zili pa fretboard, kusintha kamvekedwe ka zingwe zomveka (chiwerengero cha frets - 15-24);
• mapewa - tsatanetsatane wa khosi, ndi njira yolumikizira chingwe.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi gawo laling'ono lomwe limapanga nyimbo. Chiwerengero chonse cha zigawo za zida zimaposa 70.

Mapangidwe a balalaika ndi gitala ali ndi zofanana. Zida zonse ziwirizi ndi za zingwe komanso zoduliridwa. Koma kapangidwe, mbali ntchito zimasonyeza kusiyana gitala:

• mawonekedwe a thupi;
• chiwerengero cha zingwe;
• miyeso;
• kachitidwe;
• kusiyana kwa kapangidwe.

kumveka

Phokoso la balalaika ndi sonorous, mokweza, lalitali, m'malo mofewa. Oyenera ma accompanists, samapatula soloing.

Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana kukula, cholinga, mawu. Akatswiri ali ndi njira zambiri zochotsera mawu. Zodziwika kwambiri: kunjenjemera, vibrato, tremolo, tizigawo tating'ono.

Kupanga balalaika

Poyambirira, balalaika ndi dongosolo linakhalabe malingaliro osagwirizana. Chidacho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe sankadziwa za nyimbo. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, mitundu yonse idakhala gawo la oimba, njira zingapo zosinthira zidawonekera:

• Kapangidwe ka maphunziro. Cholemba "mi", chopangidwa ndi kulira molumikizana ndi zingwe ziwiri zoyambirira, cholemba "la" - ndi chingwe chachitatu. Dongosololi lafalikira pakati pa osewera a konsati ya balalaika.
• Dongosolo la anthu. Sol (chingwe choyambirira), Mi (chingwe chachiwiri), Chitani (chingwe chachitatu). Ambiri mtundu wa wowerengeka dongosolo. Pali angapo okwana: dera lililonse lili ndi njira yake yosinthira chidacho.
• Quantum unison system. Zimayimira phokoso la zingwe za prima balalaika, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya La-Mi-Mi (kuchokera pa chingwe choyamba mpaka chachitatu).
• Quarter system. Zomwe zili mu balalaika za mawonekedwe achiwiri, bass, double bass, viola. Ma toni amasinthasintha motere: Re-La-Mi.

Mbiri ya Balalaika

Mbiri ya maonekedwe a balalaika sangathe kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyambira. Kutchulidwa kovomerezeka kudayamba zaka za zana la XNUMX; wokondedwa wotchuka adawonekera kale kwambiri.

Chiphunzitso chimodzi chimagwirizanitsa nkhani yoyambira ndi mayiko aku Asia. Panali chida chofanana - domra, chofanana mu kukula, phokoso, maonekedwe, kapangidwe.

Mwinamwake, pa nthawi ya goli la Chitata-Mongol, anthu a ku Russia adabwereka mfundo zopanga domra, zomwe zinasintha, atalandira chinthu chatsopano.

Baibulo lachiwiri limati: anatulukira ndi primordially Russian. Amene anabwera nazo sizikudziwika. Dzinali limafanana ndi malingaliro a "kulankhula", "kulankhula" (kulankhula mwachangu). Kugunda kwachindunji kumafanana ndi kukambirana kosangalatsa.

Malingaliro pa phunziroli sanali ozama, adadzutsa mayanjano ndi gulu la anthu wamba osaphunzira. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich adayesa kuchotsa zosangalatsa zotchuka. Lingalirolo linalephera: pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu, "balabolka" nthawi yomweyo inafalikira pakati pa anthu wamba.

Zida zamakedzana kunja zinali zosiyana ndi zamasiku awo, nthawi zambiri zinkawoneka ngati zopanda pake. Alimi adapanga chidacho ndi njira zotsogola: ma ladles adakhala ngati thupi, mitsempha yanyama idakhala ngati zingwe.

Kutchuka kwa anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XIX kumasinthidwa ndi kuiwalika. Nyimbo zoimbira zidapeza mphepo yachiwiri chifukwa cha khama la munthu wodabwitsa - wolemekezeka V. Andreev, woimba ndi ntchito. Mwamunayo adalenga banja la balalaika, kuphatikizapo oimira asanu. Andreev anapanga balalaika yamakono ya maonekedwe odziwika lero.

Masewero a gulu la balalaika, lokonzedwa ndi Andreev, adawonetsa nthawi ya chitsitsimutso cha chidacho. Odziwika bwino olemba nyimbo adalemba nyimbo makamaka kwa oimba a zida zamtundu wa anthu, ma concert a balalaika adapambana, populists, pamodzi ndi Russia, adayamikiridwa ndi Europe. Panali anthu otchuka padziko lonse pa makonsati, atayimirira ndi virtuosos Russian.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, balalaika yakhala ikulimbitsa malo ake, kukhalabe chida chodziwika bwino.

Mitundu ya balalaika ndi mayina awo

Oimba akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu iyi ya balalaikas:

• Balalaika-prima. Miyeso 67-68 cm. Chokhacho chomwe chili choyenera kwa oimba a solo. Zigawo zazikulu za oimba a ku Russia zalembedwa makamaka kwa prima.
• Chachiwiri. Kutalika ndi 74-76 cm. Cholinga - kutsagana, kusewera ndi chords, intervals.
• Alto. Kutalika 80-82 cm. Ili ndi timbre yofewa, yowutsa mudyo. Imagwira ntchito zofanana ndi sekondi.
• Bass. Ndi wa gulu la bass. Amasewera mu octave wamkulu. Chinthu chosiyana ndi timbre yochepa. Kukula - 112-116 cm.
• Mabasi awiri. Kusiyana kwa bass: masewero a mgwirizano. Ndilo chida champhamvu kwambiri pamzerewu - kutalika kwa 160-170 cm. Kuti chimphonacho chikhale chowongoka, choyimira chili pansipa.

Mitundu yomwe ili pamwambayi ikuphatikizidwa mu oimba a zida za anthu. Kumanzere kwazithunzi ndi balalaika yaying'ono kwambiri, yopangidwa ndi V. Andreev, yotchedwa Piccolo balalaika. Malinga ndi lingaliro la wolemba, ntchito yaikulu ndiyo kutsindika kaundula wapamwamba wa nyimbo.

kugwiritsa

Nyimbo zoimbira zimatchuka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kuthekera kogwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yonse yamagulu a zida. Munda waukulu wa ntchito ndi oimba a wowerengeka zida. Pali virtuosos omwe amasewera payekha, mu duets.

Momwe mungasankhire balalaika

Kupanga nyimbo kumakhala kosangalatsa mukasankha chida choyenera:

• Maonekedwe a khosi: palibe kupotoza, ming'alu, chips, sing'anga makulidwe (osati wandiweyani, osati woonda). Zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi ebony.
• Zovuta. Chisamaliro chimaperekedwa pakupera, malo pamtunda womwewo. Mukhoza kuyang'ana khalidwe lakupera popukuta mopepuka pamwamba pa frets. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi faifi tambala.
• Chimango. Gawo lathyathyathya lamilanduyo limapangidwa ndi spruce, lathyathyathya, kupindika, concavity ndizosavomerezeka.
• Zingwe. Kuyera kwa dongosolo, timbre zimadalira gawo ili. Kuonda kwambiri kumatulutsa kamvekedwe kofooka, kosamveka, kogwedera. Zonenepa zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mutuwo, zimafuna khama, zimalepheretsa kuyimba kwa nyimbo.
• Phokoso. Chida chosankhidwa bwino chimatulutsa phokoso lathunthu, losangalatsa lomwe silimadumpha mwadzidzidzi, lozimiririka pang'onopang'ono.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

Zinthu zakale zili ndi mbiri yomveka bwino, mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa:

• Chiwonetsero chakale kwambiri chimakongoletsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mumzinda wa Ulyanovsk. Nkhaniyi yatha zaka 120.
• Ovomerezeka "Tsiku la Balalaika" adawonekera mu 2008 ndipo amakondwerera pa June 23rd.
• Ku Japan kuli gulu loimba nyimbo zoimbaimba. Ophunzirawo ndi achi Japan, omwe ali ndi zida zamtundu waku Russia mwaluso.
• M'mbuyomu, panali zingwe ziwiri m'malo mwa zingwe zitatu.
• Khabarovsk ndi mzinda womwe unamanga chipilala chapamwamba kwambiri cha balalaika: chipilala chachikulu chachikasu chotalika mamita 12.
• Nyimbo yakale iyi yakhala chizindikiro cha Russia ndipo ndi chikumbutso chamakono.
• Ku Russia Yakale, Masewerawo adaseweredwa ndi ma buffoons, abusa - anthu omwe sanalemedwe ndi ntchito ndi zapakhomo.
• Chiyambi cha chinthucho ndi chobisika: chaka cha maonekedwe sichidziwika, dzina la mmisiri amene adachipanga lidakali chinsinsi.

Balalaika ndi chida chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimatha kuyimba nyimbo iliyonse: yachikale, yachikale, yoseketsa, yachisoni. Imaseweredwa ndi amateurs, akatswiri, ngakhale ana. Phokoso lamphamvu, lachindunji silingasokonezedwe ndi china chake: nyimbo yaying'ono yakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha dziko lalikulu, idatengera malingaliro a anthu aku Russia.