Erhu: kufotokozera zida, kapangidwe kake, mbiri, kugwiritsa ntchito

Mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, erhu imatengedwa ngati chida chapamwamba kwambiri, nyimbo zake zomwe zimatha kufotokoza zakukhosi, zogwira mtima kwambiri komanso zachifundo.

Violin ya ku China ili ndi chiyambi chakale, mbiri ya zochitika zake ili ndi zaka zoposa chikwi. Masiku ano, nyimbo za erhu sizikumveka m'magulu amitundu yokha, komanso zikuyandikira miyambo yamaphunziro aku Europe, ikukhala yotchuka m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Kodi erhu

Chidacho ndi cha gulu la uta wa zingwe. Ili ndi zingwe ziwiri zokha. Mtundu wa mawu ndi ma octave atatu. Timbre ili pafupi ndi kuyimba kwa falsetto. Violin ya ku China erhu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu ake omveka; m'gulu la oimba amakono a Ufumu Wakuthambo, amatsatira raohu momveka bwino. Uta umagwira ntchito pakati pa zingwe ziwiri, kupanga chinthu chimodzi chokha ndi chida.

Amakhulupirira kuti mutha kuyamba kuphunzira Sewero kuyambira zaka 4.

Erhu chipangizo

Violin iyi yaku China imakhala ndi thupi ndi khosi pomwe zingwezo zimatambasulidwa. Mlanduwu ndi wamatabwa, ukhoza kukhala wa hexagonal kapena kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Imagwira ntchito yotsitsimula, imaperekedwa ndi nembanemba ya chikopa cha njoka. The cylindrical resonator imapangidwa ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Kutalika kwa chidacho ndi 81 cm, zitsanzo zakale zinali zazing'ono. Kumapeto kwa khosi, kopangidwa ndi nsungwi, pali mutu wopindika wokhala ndi zikhomo ziwiri zosokedwa.

Kukonzekera kosakhazikika kwa uta pakati pa zingwe ndi chinthu chosiyana ndi chida cha Chinese erhu. Kuti mupewe phokoso lomwe limawoneka pakapita nthawi, ndikofunikira kupukuta uta ndi rosin. Koma izi sizophweka chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta. Anthu a ku China atulukira njira yawoyawo yosamalira violin. Iwo kukapanda kuleka rosin anasungunuka kwa madzi boma ndi opaka uta, kukhudza kwa resonator.

History

Mu ulamuliro wa Tang Dynasty ku China, mbiri ya chikhalidwe imayamba. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakutchuka ndi nyimbo. Pa nthawi izi, chidwi kwambiri chinaperekedwa kwa erhu. Ngakhale kumidzi adaphunzira kuimba chida chomwe oyendayenda adabweretsa ku Ufumu wakumwamba kale kwambiri. Oyimbawo ankaimba nyimbo zanyimbo zofotokoza za ntchito zapakhomo, ntchito, ndi zochitika m’mabanja.

Violin yazingwe ziwiri inali yotchuka kwambiri kumadera a kumpoto, koma patapita nthawi, zigawo zakum'mwera zinalandiranso Sewerolo. M'masiku amenewo, erhu sanali kuonedwa ngati chida "chachikulu", chinali mbali ya anthu oimba. Pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, m'zaka za m'ma 20, wolemba nyimbo waku China Liu Tianhua adapereka nyimbo zake payekha za violin iyi kwa oimba.

Komwe mungagwiritse ntchito

Chida choimbira cha zingwe erhu sichimamveka m'magulu achikhalidwe cha anthu. Zaka zana zapitazi zidadziwika ndi malingaliro ake pamwambo wamaphunziro aku Europe. Munjira zambiri, George Gao adathandizira kutchuka kwa violin yaku China. Wosewerayo adaphunzira ku Europe kwa nthawi yayitali kuti aziyimba zida zosiyanasiyana zoweramira ndipo adathandizira kukweza erhu osati ku China kokha.

Ojambula m'mabwalo a zisudzo ku China amasewera bwino. Kamvekedwe kaphokoso, kolongosoka kaŵirikaŵiri kumamveka m’zinthu zochititsa chidwi, m’makonsati a oimba, m’mawu aumwini. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, violin ya zingwe ziwiri tsopano imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi oimba a jazz kuti awonetsere mitundu. Phokoso la chidacho likuphatikizidwa bwino ndi oimira banja la mphepo, mwachitsanzo, chitoliro cha xiao.

Momwe mungasewere erhu

Kupanga nyimbo kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Pamene akuimba violin, woimbayo amayiyika chokwera, atatsamira pa bondo lake. Zala za kumanzere zimakanikiza zingwezo, koma osazikakamiza pakhosi. Ochita masewera amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "transverse vibratto" pamene chingwecho chatsitsidwa.

Nyimbo ku China ndi zakale kwambiri kuposa chitukuko chokha. Poyamba, sizinapangidwe kuti zikhale zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa, koma pofuna kuyeretsa maganizo, mwayi wodziloŵetsa nokha. Erhu yokhala ndi melodic melodiousness ndi melancholic sound ndi chida chokha chomwe chimakulolani kuti mulowetse nokha, kumva mphamvu za Chilengedwe, ndikumva mgwirizano.