Bass clarinet: kufotokoza kwa chida, phokoso, mbiri, kusewera njira

Mtundu wa bass wa clarinet udawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Masiku ano, chida ichi ndi gawo la oimba a symphony, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba a chipinda, ndipo akufunikira pakati pa oimba a jazi.

Kufotokozera za chida

Bass clarinet, mu Chitaliyana imamveka ngati "clarinetto basso", ndi ya gulu la zida zoimbira zamatabwa. Chipangizo chake ndi chofanana ndi chipangizo cha clarinet wamba, zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

• Thupi: cylindrical chubu yowongoka, yopangidwa ndi zinthu zisanu (belu, pakamwa, mawondo (chapamwamba, pansi), mbiya).
• Bango (lilime) - mbale yopyapyala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mawu.
• Mavavu, mphete, mabowo omveka omwe amakongoletsa pamwamba pa thupi.

Bass clarinet amapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yamtengo wapatali - black, mpingo, cocobol. Ntchito zambiri zimagwiridwa ndi manja, malinga ndi malangizo opangidwa zaka zana zapitazo. Zomwe zimapangidwira, ntchito zopweteka zimakhudza mtengo wa chinthucho - chisangalalo ichi sichitsika mtengo.

Mtundu wa bass clarinet ndi pafupifupi ma octave 4 (kuchokera pa D yayikulu octave mpaka B flat contra octave). Ntchito yayikulu ndikusintha kwa B (B-flat). Zolemba zimalembedwa mu bass clef, kamvekedwe kake kuposa momwe amayembekezera.

Mbiri ya bass clarinet

Poyambirira, clarinet wamba idapangidwa - chochitikacho chinachitika mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX. Kenako zidatenga pafupifupi zaka zana kuti zimveke bwino mu bass clarinet. Mlembi wa chitukuko ndi Belgian Adolf Sachs, yemwe ali ndi chinthu china chofunika kwambiri - saxophone.

A. Sachs adaphunzira mozama zitsanzo zomwe zidapezeka m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, adagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali pakuwongolera mavavu, kuwongolera kamvekedwe, komanso kukulitsa mitundu. Kuchokera pansi pa dzanja la katswiri, chida cha maphunziro changwiro chinatuluka, chomwe chinatenga malo ake oyenera mu oimba a symphony.

Kumveka kokulirapo kwa kayimbidwe kachipangizo kameneka n'kofunika kwambiri pa mbali imodzi ya nyimbo. Mutha kumva mawu ake mumasewera a Wagner, Verdi, ma symphonies a Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich.

Zaka za m'ma XNUMX zatsegula mwayi watsopano kwa okonda chidacho: zomwe zimayimbidwa payekhapayekha, ndi gawo la ma ensembles achipinda, ndipo zimafunidwa pakati pa oimba a jazi komanso ngakhale oimba nyimbo za rock.

Njira yamasewera

Njira yosewera ndi yofanana ndi luso lokhala ndi clarinet wamba. Chidacho ndi choyenda kwambiri, sichifuna kuwomba, nkhokwe zazikulu za okosijeni, zomveka zimatulutsidwa mosavuta.

Tikayerekeza ma clarinets awiri, mtundu wa bass ndi wocheperako, zidutswa zamtundu uliwonse zimafunikira luso lalikulu kuchokera kwa woimba. Pali njira yosinthira: nyimbo zolembedwa mu kiyi yotsika zimakhala zovuta kusewera pa clarinet wamba, koma "bass brother" wake adzatha kuthana ndi ntchito yofananayo popanda zovuta.

Sewero limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera ziwiri - zapansi, zapakati. Bass clarinet ndi yabwino kwa zochitika zomvetsa chisoni, zosokoneza, zonyansa.

Bass clarinet si "violin yoyamba" mu okhestra, koma kungakhale kulakwa kuganiza kuti ndi chinthu chosafunika. Popanda mawu omveka bwino, osatha mphamvu za zida zina zoimbira, ntchito zambiri zaluso zingamvekere mosiyana kwambiri ngati oimba atapanda mtundu wa clarinet bass ku nyimboyo.