Bass gitala: chomwe chiri, momwe chimamvekera, mbiri, mitundu, momwe mungasankhire

Gitala yamagetsi yathandizira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nyimbo zamakono zotchuka. Gitala ya bass, yomwe idawonekera pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, idachoka patali nayo.

Kodi gitala ya bass ndi chiyani

Gitala ya bass ndi chida chodulira zingwe. Cholinga ndikusewera mu bass range. Kawirikawiri chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la rhythm. Osewera ena amagwiritsa ntchito mabass ngati chida chotsogolera, monga gulu la Primus.

Chida cha gitala cha bass

Mapangidwe a gitala ya bass makamaka amabwereza gitala lamagetsi. Chidacho chimakhala ndi sitima ndi khosi. Pa thupi pali mlatho, chishalo, owongolera ndi chojambula. Khosi lili ndi zowawa. Zingwezo zimamangiriridwa ku zikhomo pamutu, zomwe zili kumapeto kwa khosi.

Pali njira zitatu zolumikizira khosi padenga:

• bolt;
• anaika;
• kudutsa.

Ndi kumangiriza, bolodi ndi khosi zimadulidwa pamtengo womwewo. Zitsanzo za bolt ndi zosavuta kukhazikitsa.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe kuchokera ku gitala yamagetsi ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi m'lifupi mwa khosi. Zingwe zokhuthala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chiwerengero cha zingwe mu zitsanzo zambiri ndi 4. Kutalika kwa sikelo ndi pafupifupi 2,5 masentimita. Chiwerengero cha ma frets ndi 19-24.

Mtundu wamawu

Gitala ya bass imakhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana. Koma chifukwa cha chiwerengero chochepa cha zingwe, n'zosatheka kupeza mtundu wonse wa gitala ya bass, kotero chidacho chimayendetsedwa ku mtundu wanyimbo womwe mukufuna.

Kusintha kokhazikika ndi EADG. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yambiri, kuyambira jazi mpaka pop ndi hard rock.

Zomanga zogwetsedwa ndizotchuka. Chodziwika bwino cha Droped ndikuti phokoso la zingwe limodzi ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi mamvekedwe ena onse. Chitsanzo: DADG. Chingwe chomaliza chimasinthidwa kamvekedwe ka G, kamvekedwe ka zina zonse sikusintha. Mu C # -G # -C # - F # ikukonzekera, chingwe chachinayi chimatsitsidwa ndi matani 1,5, otsala ndi 0,5.

Kusintha kwa zingwe 5 kwa ADGCF kumagwiritsa ntchito magulu a groove ndi nu metal. Poyerekeza ndi kachunidwe kokhazikika, phokoso limatsitsa kamvekedwe.

Punk rock imadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma tunings apamwamba. Chitsanzo: FA#-D#-G# – zingwe zonse zidakwezeka theka la kamvekedwe.

Mbiri ya bass gitala

Chiyambi cha gitala ya bass ndi bass awiri. The double bass ndi chida chachikulu choimbira chomwe chimakhala ndi violin, viol ndi cello. Phokoso la chidacho linali lotsika kwambiri komanso lolemera, koma kukula kwake kunali koopsa kwambiri. Kuvuta kwa mayendedwe, kusungirako, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyima kudapangitsa kuti chida chocheperako komanso chopepuka cha bass chifunike.

Mu 1912, kampani ya Gibson inatulutsa mandolin ya bass. Ngakhale kuti miyeso yochepetsedwa idayamba kulemera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ma bass awiri, zomwe zidapangidwazo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1930, kupanga ma mandolin a bass kunatha.

Gitala yoyamba ya bass mu mawonekedwe ake amakono adawonekera m'ma 30s a zaka zapitazo. Wolemba zomwe adapangazo anali katswiri waluso Paul Tutmar wa ku USA. Gitala ya bass imapangidwa mofanana ndi gitala yamagetsi. Khosi linasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa frets. Ankayenera kugwira chidacho ngati gitala wamba.

M'zaka za m'ma 1950, Fender ndi Fullerton adayamba kupanga gitala ya bass yamagetsi. Fender Electronics imatulutsa Precision Bass, yomwe poyamba inkatchedwa P-Bass. Mapangidwewo adasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chojambula chojambula chimodzi. Maonekedwe ake anali ngati gitala lamagetsi la Fender Stratocaster.

Mu 1953, Monk Montgomery wa gulu la Lionel Hampton adakhala wosewera woyamba kuyendera ndi mabass a Fender. Montgomery akukhulupiliranso kuti adapanga nyimbo yoyamba yojambulira pakompyuta ya Art Farmer Septet.

Apainiya ena a chida cha fender ndi Roy Johnson ndi Shifty Henry. Bill Black, yemwe adasewera ndi Elvis Presley, wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito Fender Precision kuyambira 1957. Zachilendozi sizinakopeke okha omwe anali oimba nyimbo ziwiri, komanso gitala wamba. Mwachitsanzo, Paul McCartney wa The Beatles poyambirira anali woyimba gitala koma kenako adasintha kukhala bass. McCartney adagwiritsa ntchito gitala yaku Germany Hofner 500/1 electro-acoustic bass. Maonekedwe enieni amapangitsa thupi kuwoneka ngati violin.

M’zaka za m’ma 1960, chisonkhezero cha nyimbo za rock chinakula kwambiri. Opanga ambiri, kuphatikiza Yamaha ndi Tisco, akuyamba kupanga magitala amagetsi a bass. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, "Fender Jazz Bass" inatulutsidwa, yomwe poyamba inkatchedwa "deluxe bass". Maonekedwe a thupilo anapangidwa kuti azitha kusewera mosavuta powalola kuti azisewera atakhala pansi.

Mu 1961, gitala ya Fender VI yazingwe zisanu ndi imodzi idatulutsidwa. Zomangamanga zachilendozo zinali zotsika kwambiri kuposa zachikale. Chidacho chinali kulawa kwa Jack Bruce kuchokera ku gulu la rock "Cream". Pambuyo pake adasintha kukhala "EB-31" - chitsanzo chokhala ndi kukula kochepa. EB-31 idasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mini-humbucker pa mlatho.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 70, opanga zida zapamwamba anayamba kupanga gitala ya bass ya zingwe zisanu. Chingwe cha "B" chinasinthidwa kukhala mawu otsika kwambiri. Mu 1975, luthier Carl Thompson analandira dongosolo la 6-zingwe bass gitala. Dongosololi linamangidwa motere: B0-E1-A1-D2-G2-C-3. Pambuyo pake, zitsanzo zoterezi zinayamba kutchedwa "bass extended". Mtundu wokulirapo wapeza kutchuka pakati pa osewera bass gawo. Chifukwa chake ndikuti palibe chifukwa chosinthira chidacho pafupipafupi.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 80, sipanakhale kusintha kwakukulu mu gitala ya bass. Ubwino wa zithunzi ndi zida zidayenda bwino, koma zoyambira zidakhalabe zomwezo. Kupatulapo ndi zitsanzo zongoyesera, monga zoyimbira zoyimbira zotengera gitala.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu ya magitala a bass mwamwambo amasiyana malinga ndi momwe amajambula. Pali mitundu iyi:

• Precision bass. Malo omwe amanyamula ali pafupi ndi mayendedwe a thupi. Amayikidwa mu checkerboard pattern, imodzi pambuyo pa imzake.
• Jazz basi. Onyamula amtunduwu amatchedwa osakwatiwa. Iwo ali kutali ndi mzake. Phokoso likamayimba chida choterocho chimakhala champhamvu komanso chosiyanasiyana.
• Combo bass. Mapangidwewo ali ndi zinthu za jazi ndi zolondola bass. Mzere umodzi wa ma pickups umagwedezeka, ndipo imodzi imayikidwa pansipa.
• Humbucker. 2 makola amakhala ngati chojambula. Zovalazo zimamangiriridwa ku mbale yachitsulo pathupi. Ili ndi mawu amphamvu amafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kugawikana mumitundu yodetsa nkhawa komanso yopanda nkhawa. Ma fretboards opanda nati alibe nati, akamangika, zingwezo zimagwira pamwamba mwachindunji. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumayendedwe a jazz fusion, funk, zitsulo zopita patsogolo. Zitsanzo zopanda phokoso sizikhala zamtundu wina wa nyimbo.

Momwe mungasankhire gitala la bass

Woyamba akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe ndi chitsanzo cha zingwe 4. Ichi ndi chida chodziwika kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yonse yotchuka. Pa gitala yokhala ndi zingwe zochulukirachulukira, kusiyana kwa khosi ndi zingwe kumakhala kokulirapo. Kuphunzira kusewera 5 kapena 6 bass kumatenga nthawi yayitali komanso kumakhala kovuta. N'zotheka kuyamba ndi zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi, ngati munthuyo ali wotsimikiza za kalembedwe kosankhidwa kamene kakufuna. Gitala ya bass ya zingwe zisanu ndi ziwiri ndiyo kusankha kwa oimba odziwa okha. Komanso, oyamba kumene sakulimbikitsidwa kugula zitsanzo zopanda fretless.

Magitala oimba nyimbo ndi osowa. Ma Acoustics amamveka chete ndipo sagwira ntchito kwa omvera ambiri. Khosi nthawi zambiri limakhala lalifupi.

Woyimba gitala m'sitolo yanyimbo atha kukuthandizani kusankha bass yoyenera. Payokha, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chida cha kupindika kwa khosi. Ngati, mukakhala ndi nkhawa, chingwecho chimayamba kunjenjemera, fretboard ndi yokhota.

Njira zamagitala a bass

Oimba amaimba chida atakhala pansi ndi kuyimirira. Pakukhala, gitala imayikidwa pa bondo ndikugwiridwa ndi mkono wa dzanja. Pamene mukuyimba mutayimirira, chidacho amachigwira pa lamba lomwe ali paphewa. Oyimba nyimbo ziwiri zakale nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito gitala la bass ngati mabass awiri potembenuza thupi molunjika.

Pafupifupi njira zonse zoyimbira gitala za acoustic ndi magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bass. Njira zoyambira: kukanira zala, kumenya, kutola. Njira zimasiyana movutikira, mawu komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Utsine umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yambiri. Phokoso ndi lofewa. Kusewera ndi chotola kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumwala ndi zitsulo. Phokoso limakhala lakuthwa komanso lalikuru. Akamenya mbama, chingwecho chimagunda pakamwa, ndikupanga phokoso lapadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mumayendedwe a funk.