Bela Andreevna Rudenko |

Bela Rudenko

Pakati pa ntchito za wojambula waku Latvia Leo Kokle, pali chithunzi chamitundu yofewa yabuluu ya pastel yomwe imakopa chidwi. Pankhope yoyengedwa, maso owoneka bwino ndi akulu, abulauni, otchera khutu, ofunsa komanso oda nkhawa. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha People's Artist wa USSR BA Rudenko. Leo Coquelet, wojambula watcheru komanso woganiza bwino, anatha kutenga chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa khalidwe lake - ukazi, kufewa, nyimbo komanso, nthawi yomweyo, kudekha, kudziletsa, cholinga. Kulukidwa kwa izi, poyang'ana koyamba, zotsutsana zidapanga nthaka yachonde pomwe talente yowala komanso yoyambirira idakulira ...

Wambiri kulenga woimba anayamba pa Odessa Conservatory, kumene, motsogozedwa ndi ON Blagovidova, iye anaphunzira zinsinsi woyamba wa luso nyimbo, anatenga maphunziro ake oyambirira. Mlangizi wa Bela Rudenko anali wosiyana ndi kukoma mtima ndi kusamala kwa woimbayo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukhwima kwambiri. Anafuna kudzipereka kwathunthu pa ntchito, luso lotha kugonjera zonse m'moyo ku ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ndipo pamene woimba wamng'ono mu 1957 anakhala wopambana pa VI World Chikondwerero cha Democratic Youth ndi Ophunzira, atalandira mendulo ya golidi ndi kuitana konsati zisudzo ku Moscow ndi Leningrad ndi Tito Skipa, iye anatenga izo ngati potuluka msewu waukulu. , zomwe zimatengera zambiri.

Mbuye woona aliyense amadziŵika ndi kusakhazikika, kusakhutira ndi zomwe zachitidwa, m'mawu amodzi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyang'ana kosalekeza ndi kufufuza kolenga. Izi ndizojambula za Bela Andreevna. Pambuyo pa konsati yotsatira kapena sewerolo, mumakumana ndi wolumikizana wamkulu, wosonkhanitsidwa yemwe akuyembekezera kuwunika kolimba komanso kowona, kuwunika komwe, mwina, kudzapereka chilimbikitso ku malingaliro atsopano ndi zatsopano zatsopano. Mu ndondomeko yosatha ya kusanthula, mu kufufuza kosalekeza, pali chinsinsi cha kukonzanso ndi kulenga achinyamata a wojambula.

"Bela Rudenko adakula kuchoka paudindo kupita ku gawo, kuchoka pakuchita bwino kupita kumasewera. Kusuntha kwake kunali pang'onopang'ono - popanda kudumpha, koma popanda zosweka. Kukwera kwake ku Olympus yanyimbo kwakhala kokhazikika; sanakweze msanga, koma adadzuka, akugonjetsa mouma khosi malo atsopano paphwando lililonse latsopano, ndipo chifukwa chake luso lake lapamwamba ndi kupambana kwake kuli kosavuta komanso kodalirika, "analemba motero Pulofesa V. Tolba za woimbayo.

Pa siteji, Bela Andreevna ndi wodzichepetsa ndi wachibadwa, ndipo ndi momwe amagonjetsera omvera, amawasandutsa kukhala bwenzi lake lolenga. Palibe kukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zokonda zawo. M’malo mwake, ndi chisangalalo cha chifundo, mkhalidwe wodalirana kotheratu. Chilichonse chomwe chakhala chikukhala zaka zoposa zana limodzi, Rudenko nthawi zonse amatsegula yekha ndi ena ngati tsamba latsopano m'moyo, monga vumbulutso.

Kalembedwe ka woimbayo kamapanga chithunzithunzi cha kupepuka, mwachibadwa, ngati kuti pakali pano, mphindi ino, lingaliro la woimbayo likutsitsimutsidwa pamaso pawo - mu chimango cha filigree, pachiyambi chake chonse. Mu repertoire ya Rudenko pali mazana a chikondi, pafupifupi mbali zonse za opera ya coloratura, ndipo pa ntchito iliyonse amapeza njira yoyenera, yogwirizana ndi kalembedwe kake ndi maganizo. Woyimbayo amamveranso nyimbo zanyimbo, zojambulidwa m'mawu ofewa, ndi virtuoso, komanso nyimbo zochititsa chidwi.

Udindo woyamba wa Rudenko unali Gilda wochokera ku Verdi's Rigoletto, yomwe inachitikira ku Kyiv Shevchenko Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. Zochita zoyamba zidawonetsa kuti wojambula wachinyamatayo adamva mobisa zonse za kalembedwe ka Verdi - kuwonekera kwake komanso pulasitiki, kupuma kwakukulu kwa cantilena, kuphulika kwamphamvu, kusiyana kwa kusintha. Kutetezedwa ndi bambo wachikondi ndi wachikondi, heroine wamng'ono Bela Rudenko ndi kudalira ndi wosazindikira. Pamene akuwonekera koyamba pa siteji - mwachibwana, wopepuka, wofulumira - zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti moyo wake umayenda mopepuka, popanda kukayikira ndi nkhawa. Koma kale kuchokera pachisangalalo chodetsa nkhawa chomwe amayesa kuyitanira abambo ake kuti azilankhula mosabisa, tikumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale mu gawo losasangalatsa la Ammayi Gilda sikuti ndi mwana wopanda pake, koma mkaidi wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo kusangalala kwake kumangokhala. njira yodziwira chinsinsi cha amayi, chinsinsi chomwe chimaphimba nyumba.

Woimbayo adatha kupereka utoto wolondola ku mawu aliwonse anyimbo za sewero la Verdi. Kuwona mtima kotani, chisangalalo chapompopompo chimamveka mu ariya a Gilda mu chikondi! Ndipo pambuyo pake, pamene Gilda akuzindikira kuti iye ndi wozunzidwa, wojambulayo akuwonetsa khalidwe lake la mantha, losokonezeka, koma osasweka. Wachisoni, woonda, wokhwima nthawi yomweyo ndikusonkhanitsidwa, amapita ku imfa.

Kuchokera ku zisudzo zoyamba, woimbayo adayesetsa kuti apange chifaniziro chachikulu cha chithunzi chilichonse, kuwululidwa kwa nyimbo zoyambira kudzera pakulimbana kovutirapo kwa otchulidwa, mpaka kusanthula kwa moyo uliwonse kudzera mkangano wa zotsutsana.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi wojambulayo chinali ntchito ya Natasha Rostova mu opera ya Prokofiev "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Zinali zofunikira kumvetsetsa malingaliro afilosofi a wolemba ndi wolemba nyimbo ndipo, kutsatira ndendende, panthawi imodzimodziyo kutenthetsa chithunzicho ndi masomphenya ake, maganizo ake pa izo. Kubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe otsutsana a ngwazi ya Tolstoy, Rudenko adalumphira ndakatulo zopepuka komanso chisokonezo chowawa, chikondi chachikondi ndi ukazi wa pulasitiki kukhala zovuta zosagwirizana. Mawu ake, odabwitsa mu kukongola kwake ndi kukongola kwake, adavumbulutsa mwathunthu mayendedwe apamtima komanso osangalatsa a moyo wa Natasha.

Mu ma arias, ma ariosos, duets, kutentha ndi kusawoneka, kufunitsitsa ndi kugwidwa kunamveka. Zomwezo zokongola za chikhalidwe chachikazi zidzagogomezedwa ndi Rudenko mu maudindo ake otsatirawa: Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Martha (Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride), Lyudmila wa Glinka.

Kukulitsa kuzindikira kwa zochitika za siteji, kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo kumapindulitsa osati zodabwitsa zokha, komanso luso la mawu a woimbayo. Ndipo maudindo omwe amasewera nthawi zonse amakopa ndi kukhulupirika komanso kusinthasintha.

Bela Rudenko ali ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri yofunikira kwa wojambula - luso lobadwanso mwatsopano. Amadziwa "kuyang'ana" anthu, amadziwa kuyamwa, kujambula moyo m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yosiyanasiyana kuti pambuyo pake awulule zovuta zake komanso kukongola kwake mu ntchito yake.

Chigawo chilichonse chokonzedwa ndi Bela Rudenko ndi chachikondi mwanjira yapadera. Ambiri a heroines ake amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiyero ndi kudzisunga kwa malingaliro, komabe onsewo ndi oyambirira komanso apadera.

Tiyeni tikumbukire, mwachitsanzo, gawo la Rosina mu Rossini The Barber of Seville - mosakayikira imodzi mwa ntchito zochititsa chidwi komanso zosaiwalika za woimbayo. Rudenko akungoyamba kumene cavatina wotchuka, ndipo chifundo chathu chiri kale kumbali ya heroine yake - yochititsa chidwi, yopita patsogolo, yanzeru.

“Ndilibe chochita…” akutero mokoma ndi monyong’onyeka, ndipo kuseka mosalephera kumadutsa mawu; “wamtima wosavuta…” – akuseka momwazika ngati mikanda (iye si wamtima wamba, imp yaing’ono iyi!). “Ndipo ndikulolera,” liwu losisita likung’ung’udza, ndipo timamva kuti: “Yesani, ndigwireni!”

Awiriwo "buts" mu cavatina ndi makhalidwe awiri osiyana: "koma," Rosina amaimba mofewa, "ndipo chiyambi cha chiwembu; akuwoneka kuti akuyang'ana mdani wosawoneka. Yachiwiri "koma" ndi yaifupi ndi mphezi mofulumira, ngati kuwomba. Rozina-Rudenko sakudziwika kwa aliyense, koma momwe angalankhulire mopanda ulemu, momwe amawonongera mwaulemu aliyense amene amamusokoneza! Rosina wake ali ndi moyo, nthabwala, amasangalala ndi zomwe zikuchitika ndipo amadziwa bwino kuti adzapambana, chifukwa ali ndi cholinga.

Bela Rudenko mu maudindo aliwonse omwe amasewera amapewa misonkhano ndi clichés. Iye amayang'ana zizindikiro zenizeni mu fano lililonse ophatikizidwa, amayesetsa kubweretsa izo pafupi monga momwe angathere kwa owona lero. Choncho, pamene iye anayenera ntchito ku mbali ya Lyudmila, analidi chidwi, ngakhale ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Chaka cha 1971 chinali chofunika kwambiri kwa Bela Andreevna, pamene sewero la Ruslan ndi Lyudmila linali kukonzekera kuwonetsero ku Bolshoi Theatre ya USSR. Bela Rudenko panthawiyo anali woimba yekha wa Kyiv Theatre wa Opera ndi Ballet wotchedwa TG Shevchenko. Zochitika za Bolshoi Theatre zinali zodziwika bwino kwa woimba kuchokera ku zisudzo zoyendera. Muscovites adakumbukira Violetta, Rosina, Natasha. nthawi iyi wojambula anaitanidwa kutenga nawo mbali mu kupanga Glinka a opera.

Zobwereza zambiri, misonkhano ndi oimba otchuka a Bolshoi Theatre, ndi otsogolera akukula kukhala mgwirizano wofunda.

Seweroli lidapangidwa ndi mbuye wodziwika bwino wa wotsogolera siteji B. Pokrovsky, yemwe adalemeretsa kalembedwe ka opera ndi mtundu komanso zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kumvetsetsana kwathunthu kunakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo pakati pa woimbayo ndi wotsogolera. Wotsogolerayo adanena kuti wojambulayo asiye mwatsatanetsatane kutanthauzira kwachizolowezi pakutanthauzira kwa chithunzicho. Lyudmila watsopano ayenera kukhala Pushkinian komanso nthawi yomweyo yamakono kwambiri. Osati kwenikweni a dimensional, koma achangu, amphamvu: osewerera, olimba mtima, ochenjera, mwinanso osasamala pang'ono. Umu ndi momwe amawonekera pamaso pathu mu machitidwe a Bela Rudenko, ndipo wojambulayo amaona kudzipereka ndi kukhulupirika kukhala mbali zazikulu za khalidwe la heroine wake.

Ludmila ali ndi maganizo ake kwa aliyense wa otchulidwa mu opera. Apa adagona pampando m'maloto amatsenga ndipo mwadzidzidzi anakankhira kutali dzanja la Farlaf lomwe limamufikira ndi chidendene chake. Koma ndi kumwetulira kobisika, amamugwira mwachisawawa wokondedwa wake ndi zala zake kumbuyo - nthawi yomweyo, yofulumira, koma yolondola kwambiri. Kukongola kwakusintha kuchokera kumalingaliro kupita kumalingaliro, kupepuka ndi ndakatulo kunathandizira kupanga chithunzi chosinthika modabwitsa komanso chapulasitiki. Ndizodabwitsa kuti Lyudmila Bela Rudenko asanaphunzire kukoka chingwe cha uta, wojambulayo adaphunzitsidwa motalika komanso molimbika mpaka dzanja lake lidakhala lachisomo komanso nthawi yomweyo chidaliro.

Kukongola ndi kukongola kwa khalidwe la Lyudmila zimawululidwa momveka bwino mu sewero lachitatu la opera. Pakati pa minda yokongola kwambiri ya Chernomor, amaimba nyimbo "Share-dolushka". Nyimboyi imamveka yofewa komanso yosavuta, ndipo zochitika zonse zamatsenga zimakhala ndi moyo. Rudenko amatenga ngwazi yake kunja kwa dziko la nthano, ndipo nyimboyi imakumbutsa za maluwa akutchire, zakuthambo zaku Russia. Lyudmila akuimba, ngati, yekha ndi iyemwini, kudalira chilengedwe ndi zowawa zake ndi maloto. Mawu ake omveka bwino amamveka ofunda komanso odekha. Lyudmila ndi wokhulupirira kwambiri, pafupi ndi ife, kuti zikuwoneka kuti ndi moyo wathu wamasiku ano, woipa, wachikondi, wokhoza kusangalala ndi mtima wonse, molimba mtima kulowa nkhondoyi. Bela Andreevna adatha kupanga chithunzi chakuya, chochititsa chidwi komanso nthawi yomweyo chokongola kwambiri.

Atolankhani ndi omvera adayamikira kwambiri ntchito ya woimbayo. Izi ndi zomwe wotsutsa A. Kandinsky analemba za iye pambuyo poyambira ("Soviet Music", 1972, No. 12): "M'chigawo choyamba, mbuye wotchuka B. Rudenko (soloist wa Kyiv State Academic Opera Theatre) akuimba. Lyudmila. Pali zinthu zamtengo wapatali pakuyimba ndi kusewera kwake - unyamata, kutsitsimuka, kukongola kwakanthawi. Chithunzi chomwe adapanga ndi chamitundumitundu, chodzaza ndi moyo. Lyudmila wake ndi wokongola, woona mtima, wosinthika, wachisomo. Ndi kuwona mtima ndi chikondi chenicheni cha Asilavo, mawu omveka bwino a "tsanzikani" akuyenda kwa cavatina, nyimbo "yosatha" ya aria kuyambira mchitidwe wachinayi imapuma ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu yonyada kudzudzula kwa wakuba wonyenga ("Mad Wizard"). Rudenko amapambananso pazochitika za phwandolo: kukopana mwachinyengo, "Musakwiye, mlendo wolemekezeka", kuchitidwa bwino "molankhulidwa", mawu atatu a nyimbo yoyamba ya cavatina ("... kholo lokondedwa" ). Mawu a woimbayo amathamanga momasuka komanso mosavuta mu coloratura yovuta kwambiri, osataya chithumwa chake mwa iwo. Zimakopa ndi kufewa kwake, "cholowa" cha cantilena.

Kuyambira 1972, Bela Rudenko wakhala soloist ndi Bolshoi Theatre. Gawo lotsatira, lomwe linaphatikizidwa mu repertoire yake, linali Marita mu opera ya Rimsky-Korsakov The Tsar's Bride. Zinali, titero, kupitiriza kwa zithunzi zochititsa chidwi za akazi achi Russia. Marita ake m'njira zina ndi wolowa nyumba ya Lyudmila - mu chiyero cha maganizo ake, mu kufatsa, kuona mtima ndi kudzipereka. Koma ngati Lyudmila ndi nthano youkitsidwa, ndiye kuti Marfa ndi heroine wa sewero lamaganizo, mbiri yakale. Ndipo woimbayo samayiwala za izo kwa mphindi imodzi.

Kulemera kwamalingaliro, kuyimba kwakukulu, chiyambi chowala - chilichonse chomwe chimadziwika ndi sukulu yaku Ukraine komanso yokondedwa kwa woimba - zonsezi zidaphatikizidwa mu chithunzi cha Marita chomwe adapanga.

Marita ake ndi chitsanzo cha nsembe. Mu aria otsiriza, pamene anakumbukira Gryaznoy ndi mawu achikondi, kumutcha "wokondedwa Vanya", pamene iye momvetsa chisoni anati: "Bwerani mawa, Vanya", zochitika zonse zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ndipo m’menemo mulibe mdima kapena zoonongeka. Marita wachifundo ndi wonjenjemera amazimiririka, akunena mopepuka komanso mosangalala ndikuwusa moyo kuti: "Ivan Sergeyich uli moyo," ndipo Snow Maiden amawonekera pamaso pake, ndi chisoni chake chowala komanso chabata.

Chochitika cha imfa ya Marfa Rudenko amachita modabwitsa mobisa komanso mwamtima, ndi luso lalikulu. N'zosachita kufunsa kuti pamene ankaimba nyimbo za a Martha ku Mexico, obwereza analemba za kumveka kwa mawu ake kumwamba. Marita sananyoze aliyense chifukwa cha imfa yake, malo akuziralawo ali odzala ndi kuunika kwamtendere ndi chiyero.

Choyamba, woimba wa opera, Bela Andreevna Rudenko amadziwa ntchito pa repertoire chipinda ndi chidwi chomwecho, ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu. Pakuti ntchito mapulogalamu konsati mu 1972, iye anali kupereka State Prize wa USSR.

Aliyense wa mapulogalamu ake atsopano amasiyanitsidwa ndi kulingalira mozama. Woimbayo amatha kupanga milatho "yosaoneka" pakati pa nyimbo za anthu, Russian, Chiyukireniya ndi zachilendo komanso nyimbo zamakono. Amachita mwamphamvu ku chilichonse chatsopano, choyenera kusamala, ndipo akale amadziwa kupeza chinthu chomwe chili pafupi ndi mzimu ndi malingaliro amasiku ano.

USA, Brazil, Mexico, France, Sweden, Japan… Mbiri ya maulendo a Bela Rudenko okhala ndi ziwonetsero zamakonsati ndi yotakata. Wayendera Japan kasanu ndi kamodzi. Atolankhani anati: “Ngati mukufuna kumva mmene ngale zimagubuduzika pa velvet, mverani Bela Rudenko akuimba.”

Pakuphatikizana kosangalatsa komanso kokongola uku, ndikuwona kuwunika kwa luso la woimbayo kuti apange chithunzi chokhutiritsa komanso chathunthu chaluso ndi njira za laconic, chithunzi chomwe chili ndi chilichonse komanso chopanda mopitilira muyeso.

Izi ndi zomwe I. Strazhenkova akulemba za Bela Andreevna Rudenko m'buku la Masters of the Bolshoi Theatre. "Chowonadi cha luso lapamwamba chimaperekedwanso pakuyimba kwake ndi Bela Rudenko, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa mawu ndi siteji, yemwe ali ndi coloratura soprano yokongola, ali ndi njira yododometsa, kusewera, mawu, timbre ... wa Bela Rudenko anali ndipo amakhalabe wokongola wamkati, umunthu womwe umalimbikitsa luso la woyimba uyu. "

Kulingalira kwa wojambula ndi kosasinthasintha komanso komveka. Kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kumatengera lingaliro linalake, lomveka bwino. M'dzina lake, iye amakana zokongoletsa zochititsa chidwi za ntchito, sakonda multicolor ndi variegation. Ntchito ya Rudenko, mwa lingaliro langa, ikufanana ndi luso la ikebana - pofuna kutsindika kukongola kwa duwa limodzi, muyenera kusiya ena ambiri.

"Bela Rudenko ndi coloratura soprano, koma amaimbanso bwino mbali zochititsa chidwi, ndipo izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ... M'masewera ake, zochitika za Lucia wochokera ku opera ya Donizetti "Lucia di Lammermoor" zidadzaza ndi moyo komanso zenizeni zomwe sindinamvepo. pamaso” , – analemba Arthur Bloomfield, ndi ndemanga pa imodzi mwa nyuzipepala San Francisco. Ndipo Harriet Johnson m'nkhani yakuti "Rudenko - coloratura osowa" amatcha mawu a woimba "omveka komanso omveka, ngati chitoliro chomwe chimakondweretsa makutu athu" ("New York Post").

Woimbayo anayerekezera nyimbo za m’chipinda cham’mwamba ndi kamphindi kosangalatsa: “Zimathandiza woimbayo kuyima mphindi ino, kupuma, kuyang’ana mkati mwa ngodya zamkati za mtima wa munthu, kusirira zinthu zosaoneka bwino kwambiri.”

Mwachidziwitso, machitidwe a Bela Rudenko a chikondi cha Cornelius "One Sound" amabwera m'maganizo, momwe chitukuko chonsecho chimamangidwa pacholemba chimodzi. Ndipo ndi mitundu ingati yophiphiritsira, yomveka bwino yomwe woimbayo amabweretsa pakuchita kwake! Ndi kufewa kodabwitsa bwanji komanso nthawi yomweyo kudzaza kwa mawu, ozungulira komanso ofunda, mzere wofanana bwanji, kulondola kwa mawu, kupukuta mwaluso, piyano yachifundo bwanji!

Sizodabwitsa kuti Bela Andreevna akunena kuti luso la chipinda limamulola kuyang'ana mkati mwa ngodya zamkati za mtima wa munthu. Alinso pafupi ndi chikondwerero chadzuwa cha Sevillana cha Massenet, Cui's Bolero komanso sewero lokonda nyimbo za Schumann komanso zachikondi za Rachmaninov.

Opera imakopa woimbayo ndikuchitapo kanthu komanso kukula kwake. Muzojambula zachipinda chake, amatembenukira ku zojambula zazing'ono zamtundu wamadzi, ndi mawu awo olemekezeka komanso kuzama kwamalingaliro. Monga wojambula malo muzithunzi za chilengedwe, kotero woimba mu mapulogalamu a konsati amayesetsa kusonyeza munthu mu chuma chonse cha moyo wake wauzimu.

Ntchito iliyonse ya People's Artist ya USSR Bela Andreevna Rudenko imawulula kwa omvera dziko lokongola komanso lovuta, lodzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi malingaliro, chisoni ndi nkhawa - dziko lotsutsana, losangalatsa, losangalatsa.

Ntchito ya woimba pa gawo la opera kapena kamangidwe ka chipinda - nthawi zonse woganizira, nthawi zonse kwambiri - angafanane ndi ntchito ya wolemba sewero amene amafuna osati kumvetsa moyo wa anthu, komanso kulemeretsa ndi luso lake.

Ndipo ngati izi zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti chingakhale chimwemwe chotani kwa wojambula, kwa wojambula yemwe kuyesetsa kwake kukhala wangwiro, kugonjetsa nsonga zatsopano ndi zomwe atulukira ndizokhazikika komanso zosalekeza!

Gwero: Omelchuk L. Bela Rudenko. // Oimba a Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR. Zithunzi khumi ndi chimodzi. - M.: Nyimbo, 1978. - p. 145–160.