Giovanni Battista Rubini |

Giovanni Battista Rubini

M'modzi mwa odziwa za luso la mawu a m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, Panovka, akulemba za Rubini kuti: "Anali ndi mawu amphamvu komanso olimba mtima, koma sanachite izi chifukwa cha kulimba kwa mawu monga kunjenjemera, kugwedezeka kwachitsulo. timbre. Nthawi yomweyo, mawu ake anali otanuka kwambiri komanso oyenda, ngati nyimbo ya soprano. Roubini anatenga zolemba zapamwamba za soprano mosavuta ndipo nthawi yomweyo molimba mtima komanso momveka bwino.

Koma maganizo a woimba VV Timokhin. "Choyamba, woimbayo adakondweretsa omvera ndi mawu okongola kwambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana (kaundula wa pachifuwa kuchokera ku "mi" ya octave yaing'ono mpaka "si" ya octave yoyamba), kuwala, chiyero ndi luso la ntchito yake. Ndi luso lalikulu, tenor adagwiritsa ntchito kaundula wapamwamba kwambiri (Rubini atha kutenga "fa" komanso "mchere" wa octave yachiwiri). Anagwiritsa ntchito falsetto osati kuti abise zofooka zilizonse mu "zolemba pachifuwa", koma ndi cholinga chokha cha "kusiyanitsa nyimbo za anthu kupyolera mu zosiyana, kufotokoza mithunzi yofunika kwambiri ya malingaliro ndi zilakolako," monga momwe ndemanga zinasonyezera. "Anali masika olemera, osatha a zotsatira zatsopano, zamphamvu zonse." Mawu a woimbayo adagonjetsa ndi kusinthasintha, mthunzi, mthunzi wa velvety, phokoso, kusintha kosalala kuchokera ku register kupita ku registry. Wojambulayo anali ndi luso lodabwitsa logogomezera kusiyana pakati pa forte ndi piyano.

Giovanni Battista Rubini adabadwa pa Epulo 7, 1795 ku Romano m'banja la mphunzitsi wanyimbo wakomweko. Ali mwana, sanasonyeze kupambana kwakukulu pa kuphunzitsa ndipo mawu ake sanali kukondweretsa omvera. Maphunziro a nyimbo a Giovanni anali osakhazikika: woimba wa midzi yaing'ono yapafupi anam'patsa maphunziro ogwirizana ndi kupanga.

Roubini anayamba ngati woimba m’matchalitchi komanso ngati woyimba zeze m’magulu oimba a zisudzo. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, mnyamatayo akukhala woimba nyimbo ku Bergamo. Kenaka Rubini adalowa m'gulu la kampani ya zisudzo, komwe adakhala ndi mwayi wodutsa sukulu yowawa ya moyo. Kuti apeze ndalama, Giovanni amapita kokacheza ndi woyimba zeze m'modzi, koma palibe chomwe chidabwera. Mu 1814, adapatsidwa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ku Pavia mu opera ya Misozi ya Mkazi wamasiye ndi Pietro Generali. Kenako anaitanidwa ku Brescia, ku carnival ya 1815, kenako ku Venice, kumalo otchuka kwambiri a San Moise. Posakhalitsa woimbayo adalowa mgwirizano ndi amphamvu impresario Domenico Barbaia. Anathandiza Rubini kutenga nawo mbali mu zisudzo za Neapolitan Theatre "Fiorentini". Giovanni anavomera mosangalala - pambuyo pake, mgwirizano woterewu unalola, mwa zina, kuphunzira ndi oimba akuluakulu ku Italy.

Poyamba, woimba wamng'onoyo anali pafupi kutayika mu kuwundana kwa matalente a gulu la Barbaia. Giovanni anayenera kuvomereza kuti achepetse malipiro. Koma chipiriro ndi maphunziro ndi woimba wotchuka Andrea Nozari adagwira ntchito yawo, ndipo posakhalitsa Rubini anakhala chimodzi mwazokongoletsera zazikulu za opera ya Neapolitan.

Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatira, woimbayo anachita bwino kwambiri pa siteji ya Rome, Naples, Palermo. Tsopano Barbaia, kuti asunge Rubini, amapita kukawonjezera malipiro a woimbayo.

Pa Okutobala 6, 1825, Roubini adayamba ku Paris. Ku Italy Opera, adayimba koyamba ku Cinderella, kenako mu The Lady of the Lake ndi Othello.

Udindo wa Otello Rossini adalembanso mwapadera Rubini - pambuyo pake, adazipanga potengera mawu otsika a Nozari. Paudindo uwu, woimbayo adawonetsa kuthekera kwake kuwunikira nthawi zina mwatsatanetsatane, kuti apatse chithunzi chonsecho kukhala chodabwitsa komanso chowonadi.

Ndi chisoni chotani nanga, ndi kuwawa kotani nanga kwa mtima wovulazidwa ndi nsanje, woimbayo adathera chithunzi chomaliza cha mchitidwe wachitatu ndi Desdemona! "Cholinga cha duet iyi chimathera m'njira yovuta komanso yayitali: apa titha kuyamikira zaluso zonse, nyimbo zakuya za Rubini. Zikuwoneka kuti chisomo chilichonse pakuyimba, chodzaza ndi chidwi, chiyenera kuziziritsa zochita zake - zidakhala mwanjira ina. Roubini adatha kupatsa mphamvu zambiri, kumva kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa nyimbo zosafunikira, kotero kuti nyimboyi idadabwitsa kwambiri ... omvera, "analemba m'modzi mwa anthu a m'nthawi yake atachita sewero la wojambula ku Othello.

Anthu aku France adavomereza kuti wojambula waku Italy ndi "Mfumu ya Tenors". Patapita miyezi sikisi ya kupambana mu Paris, Rubini anabwerera kwawo. Ataimba ku Naples ndi Milan, woimbayo anapita ku Vienna.

Zopambana zoyamba za woimbayo zimagwirizana ndi machitidwe a Rossini. Zingawoneke kuti kalembedwe ka wolembayo ndi virtuoso wanzeru, wodzaza ndi moyo, mphamvu, kupsa mtima, zabwino kwambiri zimagwirizana ndi khalidwe la luso la wojambula.

Koma Rubini anagonjetsa kutalika kwake mogwirizana ndi woimba wina wa ku Italy, Vincenzo Bellini. Wolemba nyimbo wachinyamatayo adamutsegulira dziko latsopano losangalatsa. Kumbali inayi, woimbayo mwiniwakeyo adathandizira kwambiri kuti azindikire Bellini, pokhala wolankhulira wochenjera kwambiri wa zolinga zake komanso womasulira wosayerekezeka wa nyimbo zake.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Bellini ndi Rubini anakumana pokonzekera kuyamba kwa opera The Pirate. Izi ndi zomwe F. Pastura akulemba: "... Ndi Giovanni Rubini, adaganiza zozitenga mozama, osati kwambiri chifukwa woimba yekhayo adayenera kuyimba gawo la mutu wa Gualtiero, wolembayo ankafuna kumuphunzitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chithunzicho. anajambula mu nyimbo zake. Ndipo anayenera kulimbikira, chifukwa Rubini ankangofuna kuyimba mbali yake, ndipo Bellini anaumirira kuti nayenso azisewera mbali yake. Mmodzi ankangoganizira za kutulutsa mawu, za kupanga mawu ndi zidule zina za luso la mawu, winayo ankafuna kumupanga iye womasulira. Rubini anali woimba, koma Bellini ankafuna kuti woimbayo akhale, choyamba, munthu wa konkire, "wogwidwa ndi chilakolako."

Count Barbeau adawona chimodzi mwa mikangano yambiri pakati pa wolemba ndi wojambula. Rubini adabwera ku Bellini kuti ayesenso mawu ake mu duet ya Gualtiero ndi Imogen. Kutengera zomwe Barbeau akunena, zikuwoneka kuti inali duet kuyambira pachiwonetsero choyamba. Ndipo kusinthana kwa mawu osavuta, opanda zokometsera za mawu, koma kukwiya kwambiri, sikunapeze phokoso lililonse mu moyo wa woimba, yemwe ankazoloŵera ziwerengero wamba, nthawi zina zovuta, koma zogwira mtima.

Iwo anadutsa chidutswa chomwecho kangapo, koma tenor sanamvetse zomwe woimbayo ankafuna, ndipo sanatsatire malangizo ake. Pamapeto pake, Bellini anataya mtima.

- Ndiwe bulu! analengeza mosachita manyazi kwa Rubini ndi kulongosola kuti: “Simuika maganizo alionse m’kuimba kwanu!” Pano, pachithunzichi, mutha kugwedeza zisudzo zonse, ndipo ndinu ozizira komanso opanda mzimu!

Rubini adangokhala chete ali osokonezeka. Bellini, atadekha, adalankhula mofatsa:

- Wokondedwa Rubini, mukuganiza bwanji, ndiwe ndani - Rubini kapena Gualtiero?

“Ndimamvetsetsa zonse,” woimbayo anayankha motero, “koma sindingayerekeze kukhala wosimidwa kapena kunamizira kupsa mtima ndi mkwiyo.

Ndi woimba yekha amene angapereke yankho lotere, osati wosewera weniweni. Komabe, Bellini anamvetsa kuti ngati adatha kutsimikizira Rubini, adzapambana kawiri - iye ndi woimbayo. Ndipo anayesa kotsiriza: iye mwini anaimba ndi nyimbo, nachita monga iye anafuna. Iye analibe mawu aliwonse apadera, koma anadziŵa mmene angaikemo ndendende mmene anamvekera mmene Gualtiero anaimba nyimbo yovutitsa maganizo, amene ananyoza Imogen chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika: “Pietosa al padre, e rueco si cruda eri intanto.” ("Inu munawamvera chisoni atate wanu, koma munali wankhanza ndi ine.") Mu cantilena yomvetsa chisoni iyi, mtima wokonda, wachikondi wa pirate umawululidwa.

Potsirizira pake, Rubini anamva zomwe wolembayo ankafuna kwa iye, ndipo, atagwidwa ndi chikoka chadzidzidzi, adawonjezera mawu ake odabwitsa ku nyimbo ya Bellini, yomwe tsopano inasonyeza kuvutika koteroko komwe palibe amene adamvapo.

Pamsonkhano woyamba wa cavatina wa Gualtiero "Pakati pa mkuntho" wochitidwa ndi Rubini adayambitsa mkuntho wa mkuntho. “Kutengekako n’kwakuti n’kosatheka kufotokoza,” akulemba motero Bellini, akumawonjezera kuti anaimirira pampando wake “kaŵirikaŵiri kuthokoza omvetsera.” Roubini, motsatira uphungu wa mlembiyo, anachita mbali yake “yaumulungu mosadziwika bwino, ndipo kuimba kunali komvekera modabwitsa ndi kuphweka kwake konse, ndi kufalikira kwa moyo wonse.” Kuyambira madzulo amenewo, dzina la Rubini lakhala likugwirizana ndi nyimbo yotchuka iyi, kotero kuti woimbayo adatha kufotokoza kuwona mtima kwake. Florimo adzalemba pambuyo pake kuti: "Aliyense amene sanamvepo Rubini mu opera iyi sangathe kumvetsetsa kuti nyimbo za Bellini zingasangalatse bwanji ..."

Ndipo pambuyo pa duet ya ngwazi zatsoka, lomwe Bellini adaphunzitsa Rubini kuti achite ndi mawu ake ofooka, adayambitsa muholoyo "mkuntho wowomba m'manja kotero kuti umawoneka ngati mkokomo."

Mu 1831, pamasewero ena a opera ku Milan, La sonnambula ndi Bellini, Pasta, Amina, atakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi mphamvu yamaganizo ya Rubini, anayamba kulira pamaso pa omvera.

Rubini anachita zambiri kulimbikitsa ntchito ya woimba wina, Gaetano Donizetti. Donizetti adachita bwino kwambiri mu 1830 ndi opera Anne Boleyn. Pamsonkhano woyamba, Rubini adayimba gawo lalikulu. Ndi aria kuchokera ku sewero lachiwiri, woimbayo adachita chidwi chenicheni. "Aliyense amene sanamvepo wojambula wamkulu uyu mu chigawo ichi, chodzaza ndi chisomo, kulota ndi chilakolako, [iye] sangakhoze kupanga lingaliro la mphamvu ya luso loimba," nyuzipepala ya nyimbo inalemba masiku amenewo. Rubini ali ndi udindo waukulu chifukwa cha kutchuka kodabwitsa kwa zisudzo za Donizetti Lucia di Lammermoor ndi Lucrezia Borgia.

Pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa Rubini ndi Barbaia mu 1831, kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri adakondwera ndi gulu la opera la ku Italy, lomwe likuchita ku Paris m'nyengo yozizira komanso ku London m'chilimwe.

Mu 1843, Roubini adayenda limodzi ndi Franz Liszt kupita ku Holland ndi Germany. Ku Berlin, wojambulayo adayimba ku Italy Opera. Kuchita kwake kunapangitsa chidwi chenicheni.

M'chaka chomwecho, wojambula wa ku Italy anafika ku St. Poyamba iye anachita ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, ndiyeno anaimbanso ku St. Apa, mu nyumba ya Bolshoi Theatre, adadziwonetsera yekha, akusewera mu ulemerero wake wonse ku Othello, Pirate, La sonnambula, Puritans, Lucia di Lammermoor.

Izi ndi zomwe VV Timokhin: "Kupambana kwakukulu kunayembekezeredwa ndi wojambula wa Lucia: omvera anali okondwa kwambiri, ndipo kwenikweni omvera onse sakanatha kulira, kumvetsera "temberero" lodziwika bwino kuchokera muzochitika zachiwiri za opera. "Pirate", yomwe inakhazikitsidwa zaka zingapo Rubini asanafike ndi oimba a ku Germany, sanakope chidwi cha oimba a St. kuti akhale waluso komanso woyimba yemwe amakopa kwambiri omvera, malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake "ndi malingaliro okopa ndi chisomo ...".

Pamaso pa Rubini, palibe wojambula ku Russia yemwe adayambitsa chisangalalo chotere. Chisamaliro chapadera cha omvera a ku Russia chinapangitsa Roubini kubwera kudziko lathu m'dzinja la chaka chimenecho. Panthawiyi P. Viardo-Garcia ndi A. Tamburini anabwera naye.

Mu nyengo ya 1844/45, woyimba wamkulu adatsanzikana ndi siteji ya opera. Chifukwa chake, Rubini sanasamalire mawu ake ndikuimba ngati m'zaka zake zabwino kwambiri. The zisudzo ntchito wojambula inatha mu St. Petersburg mu "Sleepwalker".