Boris Shtokolov |

Boris Shtokolov

Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov anabadwa pa March 19, 1930 ku Sverdlovsk. Wojambula yekha amakumbukira njira yojambula:

“Banja lathu linkakhala ku Sverdlovsk. Mu XNUMX, maliro adabwera kuchokera kutsogolo: abambo anga adamwalira. Ndipo amayi athu anali ndi zochepa pang'ono kuposa ife ... Zinali zovuta kwa iwo kudyetsa aliyense. Chaka chimodzi nkhondo isanathe, ife ku Urals tinalembedwanso kusukulu ya Solovetsky. Kotero ndinaganiza zopita Kumpoto, ndinaganiza kuti zikanakhala zophweka kwa amayi anga. Ndipo panali anthu ambiri odzipereka. Tinayenda kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Perm, Gorky, Vologda… Ku Arkhangelsk, olembera anapatsidwa yunifolomu - malaya apamwamba, majekete a nandolo, zipewa. Iwo anagawidwa m'makampani. Ndinasankha ntchito yamagetsi ya torpedo.

Poyamba tinkakhala m’miyendo, imene anyamata a m’kachipinda choyamba ankaikamo makalasi ndi ma cubicles. Sukuluyo inali m'mudzi wa Savvatievo. Tonse tinali akuluakulu panthawiyo. Tinaphunzira bwino lusoli, tinali ofulumira: pambuyo pake, nkhondoyo inali kutha, ndipo tinali ndi mantha kwambiri kuti ma volleys achigonjetso adzachitika popanda ife. Ndikukumbukira ndi kuleza mtima komwe tidadikirira kuti tikonzekere zombo zankhondo. M’nkhondozo, ife, gulu lachitatu la sukulu ya Jung, sitinathenso kutenga nawo mbali. Koma nditamaliza maphunzirowa, ndinatumizidwa ku Baltic, owononga "Olimba", "Slender", "Kirov" anali ndi mbiri yankhondo yolemera kwambiri moti ngakhale ine, amene sindinamenyane ndi mnyamata wa kanyumba, ndinamva kuti ndikuchita nawo. Kupambana Kwakukulu.

Ndinali mtsogoleri wa kampaniyo. M’maphunziro oboola, m’maulendo apanyanja pamabwato oyenda pamadzi, ndinayenera kukhala woyamba kulimbitsa nyimboyo. Koma kenako, ndikuvomereza, sindinkaganiza kuti ndidzakhala katswiri woimba. Bwenzi Volodya Yurkin adalangiza kuti: "Inu, Borya, muyenera kuyimba, pitani kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale!" Ndipo ndinayigwedeza: nthawi ya nkhondo yapambuyo pa nkhondoyo sinali yophweka, ndipo ndinaikonda mu gulu lankhondo.

Ndili ndi mawonekedwe anga pabwalo lalikulu la zisudzo kwa Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. Munali mu 1949. Nditachoka ku Baltic, ndinabwerera kunyumba, n’kukalowa m’sukulu yapadera ya asilikali a m’mlengalenga. Marshal Zhukov ndiye analamulira Urals Military District. Anabwera kwa ife ku phwando lomaliza maphunziro a cadet. Pakati pa ziwerengero za anthu osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zochita zanga zinalembedwanso. Anaimba "Misewu" ndi A. Novikov ndi "Masiku a Sailor" ndi V. Solovyov-Sedogo. Ndinali ndi nkhawa: kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi omvera ambiri, palibe chonena za alendo olemekezeka.

Pambuyo pa konsati, Zhukov anandiuza kuti: “Ndege sizingawonongeke popanda inu. Muyenera kuyimba." Choncho analamula: kutumiza Shtokolov ku Conservatory. Choncho ndinapita ku Sverdlovsk Conservatory. Mwa kudziwana, titero. ”…

Choncho Shtokolov anakhala wophunzira wa luso mawu wa Ural Conservatory. Boris adayenera kuphatikiza maphunziro ake ku Conservatory ndi ntchito yamadzulo ngati katswiri wamagetsi m'bwalo lamasewera, ndiyeno ngati wowunikira ku Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. Ndili wophunzira, Shtokolov analandiridwa ngati intern mu gulu la Sverdlovsk Opera House. Apa adadutsa sukulu yabwino yothandiza, adatengera zomwe adakumana nazo achikulire. Dzina lake likuwonekera koyamba pa chithunzi cha zisudzo: wojambulayo amapatsidwa maudindo angapo a episodic, omwe amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Ndipo mu 1954, atangomaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, woimba wamng'ono anakhala mmodzi wa soloist kutsogolera zisudzo. Ntchito yake yoyamba, Melnik mu opera "Mermaid" Dargomyzhsky, adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi ndemanga.

M'chilimwe cha 1959, Shtokolov anachita kunja kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuwina mutu wa laureate wa Mpikisano Wapadziko Lonse pa VII World Chikondwerero cha Achinyamata ndi Ophunzira ku Vienna. Ndipo ngakhale asanachoke, adalandiridwa ku gulu la opera la Leningrad Academic Opera ndi Ballet Theatre yotchedwa SM Kirov.

Ntchito zina zaluso za Shtokolov zimagwirizana ndi gulu ili. Amadziwika kuti ndi womasulira bwino kwambiri wa nyimbo za ku Russia: Tsar Boris ku Boris Godunov ndi Dosifei mu Khovanshchina ya Mussorgsky, Ruslan ndi Ivan Susanin mu masewero a Glinka, Galitsky mu Borodin Prince Igor, Gremin mu Eugene Onegin. Shtokolov nayenso amachita bwino mu maudindo monga Mephistopheles mu Gounod's Faust ndi Don Basilio mu Rossini "The Barber of Seville". Woimbayo amakhalanso nawo muzojambula zamakono - "The Fate of Man" ndi I. Dzerzhinsky, "October" ndi V. Muradeli ndi ena.

Aliyense udindo wa Shtokolov, aliyense siteji fano analengedwa ndi iye, monga ulamuliro, imadziwika ndi kuzama maganizo, kukhulupirika kwa lingaliro, mawu ndi siteji ungwiro. Mapulogalamu ake a konsati amaphatikizapo zidutswa zingapo zakale komanso zamakono. Kulikonse kumene wojambulayo amachitira - pa siteji ya opera kapena pa siteji ya konsati, luso lake limakopa omvera ndi khalidwe lake lowala, kutsitsimuka kwamaganizo, kuwona mtima kwa malingaliro. Mawu a woimbayo - mabasi apamwamba kwambiri - amasiyanitsidwa ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu, kufewa komanso kukongola kwa timbre. Zonsezi zikhoza kuwonedwa ndi omvera m'mayiko ambiri kumene woimba luso anachita bwino.

Shtokolov adayimba pazigawo zambiri za opera ndi magawo a konsati padziko lonse lapansi, m'nyumba za opera ku USA ndi Spain, Sweden ndi Italy, France, Switzerland, GDR, FRG; analandiridwa mwachisangalalo m'holo zoimbaimba za Hungary, Australia, Cuba, England, Canada ndi mayiko ena ambiri padziko lapansi. Atolankhani akunja amayamikira kwambiri woyimbayu mu zisudzo komanso m'mapulogalamu a konsati, ndipo amamuyika m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino pazaluso zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mu 1969, pamene N. Benois anachita opera Khovanshchina mu Chicago ndi kutenga nawo mbali N. Gyaurov (Ivan Khovansky), Shtokolov anaitanidwa kuchita mbali ya Dositheus. Pambuyo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, otsutsa analemba kuti: "Shtokolov - wojambula kwambiri. Liwu lake limakhala ndi kukongola kosowa komanso kofanana. Makhalidwe omveka awa amagwira ntchito zaluso zapamwamba kwambiri. Nayi bass yayikulu yokhala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe ili nayo. Boris Shtokolov akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wochititsa chidwi wa mabasi akulu aku Russia aposachedwa…", "Shtokolov, ndikuchita kwake koyamba ku America, adatsimikizira mbiri yake ngati bass cantante ..." Wolowa m'malo mwa miyambo yayikulu ya sukulu ya opera yaku Russia. , kukulitsa mu ntchito yake zopambana za chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia ndi siteji, - umu ndi momwe otsutsa a Soviet ndi akunja amachitira mogwirizana Shtokolov.

Kugwira ntchito bwino mu zisudzo Boris Shtokolov amapereka chidwi kwambiri zisudzo konsati. Zochita zamakonsati zidakhala kupitiliza kwachilengedwe pamasewera a opera, koma zina za talente yake yoyambirira zidawululidwa momwemo.

"Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa woimba pa siteji ya konsati kusiyana ndi opera," akutero Shtokolov. "Palibe zovala, zowoneka bwino, zosewerera, ndipo wojambulayo ayenera kuwulula tanthauzo ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi zantchitoyo ndi mawu okha, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anzawo."

Pa konsati siteji Shtokolov, mwinamwake, kuzindikira kwakukulu akuyembekezera. Ndipotu, mosiyana ndi Kirov Theatre, maulendo oyendayenda a Boris Timofeevich anayenda m'dziko lonselo. M'mayankho a nyuzipepala wina amatha kuwerenga kuti: "Kuwotcha, kuwotcha, nyenyezi yanga ..." - ngati woimbayo adachita chikondi chimodzi chokha mu konsati, zokumbukira zikanakhala zokwanira kwa moyo wonse. Mumakopeka ndi liwu ili - molimba mtima komanso mofatsa, ku mawu awa - "kuwotcha", "okondedwa", "matsenga" ... Momwe amawatchulira - ngati kuti amawapereka ngati zodzikongoletsera. Ndipo kotero mbambande pambuyo pa mbambande. "O, ndikanatha kufotokoza momveka bwino", "M'mawa wakhungu, m'mawa wotuwa", "Ndimakukonda", "Ndimapita ndekha panjira", "Coachman, osayendetsa akavalo", "Maso akuda". Palibe zabodza - osati m'mawu, osati m'mawu. Monga mu nthano za amatsenga, m'manja mwawo mwala wosavuta umakhala diamondi, kukhudza kulikonse kwa mawu a Shtokolov ku nyimbo, mwa njira, kumabweretsa chozizwitsa chomwecho. Mu crucible wa kudzoza chiyani iye amalenga choonadi chake mu nyimbo Russian? Ndipo nyimbo yosatha yaku Russia yakumunsi momwemo - ndi mailosi otani kuti muyese mtunda wake ndi mlengalenga?

“Ndinaona,” akuvomereza motero Shtokolov, “kuti malingaliro anga ndi masomphenya a mkati, zimene ndimalingalira ndi kuona m’maganizo mwanga, zimaperekedwa kuholoyo. Izi zimakulitsa lingaliro la kulenga, luso ndi udindo waumunthu: pambuyo pa zonse, anthu omvetsera kwa ine mu holo sanganyengedwe. "

Pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa makumi asanu pa siteji ya Kirov Theatre, Shtokolov anachita udindo wake ankakonda - Boris Godunov. "Zopangidwa ndi woimba Godunov," akulemba AP Konnov ndi wolamulira wanzeru, wamphamvu, akuyesetsa moona mtima kuti dziko lake litukuke, koma ndi mphamvu ya zochitika, mbiri yokha yamuika muvuto lalikulu. Omvera ndi otsutsa adayamikira chithunzi chomwe adalenga, ponena za kupambana kwakukulu kwa luso la Soviet opera. Koma Shtokolov akupitirizabe ntchito pa "Boris wake", kuyesera kufotokoza zonse wapamtima ndi wochenjera kayendedwe moyo wake.

"Chifaniziro cha Boris," akutero woimbayo mwiniwake, "ali ndi mithunzi yambiri yamaganizo. Kuzama kwake kumawoneka kwa ine kosatha. Ndizinthu zambiri, zovuta kwambiri mu kusagwirizana kwake, zomwe zimandigwira kwambiri, ndikutsegula zotheka zatsopano, zatsopano za thupi lake.

M'chaka cha chikumbutso woimba, analemba nyuzipepala "Soviet Culture". "Woyimba wa Leningrad ndi mwiniwake wokondwa wa mawu okongola kwambiri. Kuzama, kulowa mkati mwa mtima wa munthu, wodzala ndi kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwa timbre, kumakopa ndi mphamvu zake zazikulu, kumveka bwino kwa mawuwa, kunjenjemera kodabwitsa. People's Artist of the USSR Boris Shtokolov akuimba, ndipo simudzasokoneza ndi aliyense. Mphatso yake ndi yapadera, luso lake ndi lapadera, kuchulukitsa kupambana kwa sukulu ya mawu a dziko. Chowonadi chomveka, chowonadi cha mawu omwe adapatsidwa ndi aphunzitsi ake, adapeza mawonekedwe awo apamwamba kwambiri pantchito ya woimbayo.

Wojambula mwiniwakeyo akuti: "Zojambula zaku Russia zimafuna moyo waku Russia, kuwolowa manja, kapena china chake ...

PS Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov anamwalira pa January 6, 2005.