Jaroslav Krombholc |

Jaroslav Krombholc

Mpaka posachedwa - zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo - dzina la Yaroslav Krombholtz silinkadziwika kwa okonda nyimbo ambiri. Masiku ano, iye amaonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa otsogolera otsogolera padziko lonse lapansi, wotsatira woyenera wa Vaclav Talich ndi wolowa m'malo mwa ntchito yake. Yotsirizirayi ndi yachilengedwe komanso yomveka: Krombholtz ndi wophunzira wa Talikh osati pasukulu yophunzitsa ku Prague Conservatory, komanso ku National Theatre, komwe adakhala wothandizira kwa mbuye wodabwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Krombholtz adaphunzitsidwa kwa Talih ngati woyimba wachinyamata koma wophunzira kale. Anaphunzira nyimbo ku Prague Conservatory ndi O. Shin ndi V. Novak, akuchititsa ndi P. Dedechek, adapezeka m'makalasi a A. Khaba ndikumvetsera nkhani za 3. Nejedla ku Faculty of Philosophy ya Charles University. Komabe, poyamba, Krombholtz sakhala wotsogolera: woimbayo adakopeka kwambiri ndi nyimboyo, ndipo zina mwa ntchito zake - symphony, orchestral suites, sextet, nyimbo - zimamvekabe kuchokera ku konsati. Koma m'zaka za m'ma forties, woimba wamng'onoyo adapereka chidwi chachikulu pakuchita. Ndidakali wophunzira, iye anali ndi mwayi woyamba kuchita zisudzo za "Talikhov repertoire" pa People's Theatre ndi kuyesera kudutsa zinsinsi za luso mlangizi wake.

Ntchito yodziyimira payokha ya kondakitala idayamba ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu zokha. Mu mzinda wa Pilsen zisudzo iye anachita "Jenufa", ndiye "Dalibor" ndi "Ukwati wa Figaro". Ntchito zitatuzi zinapanga, monga momwe, maziko a repertoire yake: zinsomba zitatu - Czech classics, nyimbo zamakono ndi Mozart. Ndiyeno Krombholtz anatembenukira kwa ambiri a Suk, Ostrchil, Fibich, Novak, Burian, Borzhkovets - Ndipotu, posachedwapa analowa mu repertoire ake zabwino zonse analengedwa ndi anzake.

Mu 1963, Krombholtz anakhala mtsogoleri wamkulu wa zisudzo ku Prague. Apa Krombholtz anakula kukhala womasulira wanzeru ndi propagandist wa Czech opera classics, wofunafuna mwachidwi ndi experimenter m'munda wa opera yamakono, monga amadziwika lero osati Czechoslovakia, komanso kunja. Nyimbo zokhazikika za kondakitala zimaphatikizapo ma opera ambiri a Smetana, Dvorak, Fibich, Foerster, Novak, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Janáček, Ostrchil, Jeremias, Kovarovits, Burian, Sukhoń, Martin, Volprecht, Cikker, Power ndi olemba ena achi Czechoslovak, komanso Mozart, akadali m'modzi mwa olemba omwe amakonda kwambiri ojambula. Pamodzi ndi izi, amamvetsera kwambiri zisudzo za ku Russia, kuphatikizapo Eugene Onegin, The Snow Maiden, Boris Godunov, zisudzo za olemba amakono - Nkhondo ndi Mtendere wa Prokofiev ndi "Nthano ya Munthu Weniweni," Katerina Izmailova wa Shostakovich. Pomaliza, zopanga zaposachedwa za opera za R. Strauss (Salome ndi Elektra), komanso Wozzeck wa A. Berg, zidamupangitsa kuti adziwike kuti ndi m'modzi mwa odziwa bwino komanso omasulira nyimbo zamasiku ano.

Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa Krombholtz kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupambana kwake kunja kwa Czechoslovakia. Pambuyo maulendo angapo ndi gulu la People's Theatre ku USSR, Belgium, East Germany, nthawi zonse amaitanidwa kukachita zisudzo ku Vienna ndi London, Milan ndi Stuttgart, Warsaw ndi Rio de Janeiro, Berlin ndi Paris. . Zopanga za Mwana Wake Wopeza, Katerina Izmailova, The Bartered Bride ku Vienna State Opera, Cikker's Resurrection ku Stuttgart Opera, The Bartered Bride ndi Boris Godunov ku Covent Garden, Katya Kabanova anali opambana kwambiri. "ndi" Enufa "pa Chikondwerero cha Netherlands. Krombholtz kwenikweni ndi wokonda opera. Komabe amapeza nthawi ya zisudzo konsati, onse ku Czechoslovakia ndi kunja, makamaka ku England, kumene iye ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la mapulogalamu ake a konsati limakhala ndi nyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX: apa, pamodzi ndi olemba aku Czechoslovak, ndi Debussy, Ravel, Roussel, Millau, Bartok, Hindemith, Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Kodai, F. Marten.

Pofotokoza chithunzi cha kulenga cha wojambulayo, wofufuza wina dzina lake P. Eckstein analemba kuti: “Krombholtz ndiye woyamba mwa woimba nyimbo, ndipo zofufuza zake zonse ndi zimene wachita bwino zimadziwika ndi kufewa ndi kukongola kwake. Koma, ndithudi, chinthu chochititsa chidwi sichirinso chofooka chake. Kujambula kwake kwa mawu ochokera mu sewero lanyimbo la Fiebich la Mkwatibwi wa Messina kumachitira umboni izi, monganso, kupanga kodabwitsa kwa Wozzeck ku Prague. Makhalidwe a ndakatulo ndi mawu apamwamba ali pafupi kwambiri ndi luso la wojambula. Izi zimamveka mu Rusalka ya Dvořák, yolembedwa ndi iye ndikuzindikiridwa ndi otsutsa ngati mwina kutanthauzira kokwanira kwambiri kwa ntchitoyi. Koma muzojambula zake zina, monga opera "Akazi Awiri", Krombholtz akuwonetsa nthabwala zake zonse komanso chisomo.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969