Zingwe: kufotokozera zida, kapangidwe, mbiri, mitundu, ntchito

Zimbalangondo ndi zomangamanga zoyimba zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito zamasewera amakono a pop, makamaka, ndi amodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ma prototypes adapezeka m'chigawo chamayiko akum'mawa (Turkey, India, Greece, China, Armenia), mtundu wakale kwambiri wazaka za zana la XNUMX BC. AD

ndizosowa

Chida choimbiracho ndi cha gulu loyimba. Zopangira - zitsulo. Kuti phokoso likhale loyera, ma alloys apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito - amaponyedwa, kenako amapangidwa. Masiku ano, pali ma aloyi 4 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• belu mkuwa (tin + mkuwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 4);
• mkuwa wosasunthika (tani + mkuwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa malata mu aloyi yonse ndi 8%);
• mkuwa (zinki + mkuwa, gawo la zinki ndi 38%);
• siliva wa nickel (mkuwa + nickel, nickel content - 12%).

Phokoso la zinganga za mkuwa ndi lomveka, za mkuwa sizikuwala, zowala pang'ono. Gulu lomaliza (kuchokera ku nickel silver) ndikupeza ambuye azaka za zana la 4. Izi sizinthu zonse zopangira ma aloyi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zina zonse sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, akatswiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo XNUMX zokha zomwe zili pamwambapa.

Zinganga ndi chida chokhala ndi kamvekedwe kosatha. Ngati angafune, phokoso lililonse limatha kutulutsidwa m'mawuwo, kutalika kwake kumadalira luso la woimbayo, zoyesayesa zake, ndi zinthu zomwe apanga.

Zitsanzo zamakono zili mu mawonekedwe a ma convex discs. Amapezeka m'magulu oimba, magulu osiyanasiyana oimba, ma ensembles. Kutulutsa phokoso kumachitika pomenya pamwamba pa ma disks ndi zida zapadera (ndodo, mallet), zinganga zophatikizidwa zimagundana.

Mapangidwe a mbale

Chida choyimbira choyimba ichi chili ndi mawonekedwe opindika. Mbali yapamwamba ya dome ili ndi dzenje - chifukwa chomwe mbaleyo imamangiriridwa ku rack. Nthawi yomweyo m'munsi mwa dome, zomwe zimatchedwa "zone-zone" zimayamba. Malo okwera ndiye gawo lalikulu la chinganga chomwe chimakhala pamtunda waukulu kwambiri.

Gawo lachitatu, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa diski, limayang'anira kupanga phokoso - malo owonongeka. Malo ophwanyika ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa thupi la chinganga, ndipo kuigunda kumapanga phokoso lalikulu kwambiri. Pa dome, malo okwera amagunda nthawi zambiri: yoyamba imapereka mawu ofanana ndi belu, yachiwiri imapereka ping yokhala ndi ma overtones.

Kumveka kwa zinganga kumadalira magawo atatu okhudzana ndi kapangidwe kake:

• awiri. Kukula kwake kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lamphamvu. Pamakonsati akuluakulu, zinganga zazing'ono zidzatayika, zazikulu zidzamveka mokwanira.
• Dome size. Kukula kwa dome, kumakhala kokulirapo kwambiri, Sewero limakulirakulira.
• makulidwe. Phokoso lalikulu, lokwezeka limapangidwa ndi zitsanzo zolemera, zokhuthala.

Mbiri ya zinganga

Analogues mbale anaonekera mu Bronze Age pa dera lakale China, Japan, Indonesia. Mapangidwewo ankawoneka ngati belu - mawonekedwe a conical, pansipa - kupindika mwa mawonekedwe a mphete. Phokosoli linkatulutsidwa pomenya chida chimodzi ndi chinzake.

Pambuyo pa zaka za XIII AD. Chida cha ku China chinathera mu Ufumu wa Ottoman. Anthu aku Turkey adasintha mawonekedwe, ndikubweretsa mapalewo kumasulira kwake kwamakono. Chidacho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyimbo zankhondo.

Ulaya sanachite chidwi ndi chidwi cha kum'maŵa. Oyimba ndi akatswiri oimba adaphatikizapo zinganga m'gulu la oimba pamene kunali kofunikira kuti pakhale chikhalidwe cha anthu akunja kummawa, kuti afotokoze kukoma kwa Turkey. Ndi ambuye ochepa okha azaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX omwe adalemba magawo omwe amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi - Haydn, Gluck, Berlioz.

Zaka za m'ma XX-XXI zinali nthawi yochuluka ya mbale. Iwo ndi mamembala athunthu a okhestra ndi magulu ena oimba. Zitsanzo zatsopano ndi njira zosewerera zikubwera.

mitundu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida, zosiyana kukula, phokoso, maonekedwe.

Nganga zophatikizidwa

Nganga za orchestra zimayimiridwa ndi mitundu ingapo, imodzi mwazo ndi hi-hat (Hi-hat). Pansanga ziwiri zomangika pamodzi, zinganga ziwiri zinapenyana. Choyimiliracho chimakhala ndi njira ya phazi: kuchita pa pedal, woimbayo amaphatikiza zida zophatikizika, kutulutsa mawu. Chipewa chodziwika bwino cha hi-hat ndi mainchesi 13-14.

Lingalirolo ndi la oimba jazi: kapangidwe kake kanakongoletsa zida za ng'oma kotero kuti wosewerayo amatha kuwongolera ng'oma ndikutulutsa mawu kuchokera ku ng'oma.

Nganga zolendewera

Gululi lili ndi mitundu ingapo:

1. Kuwonongeka. Diskiyo imapachikidwa pa choyikapo. Pakhoza kukhala mitundu ingapo ya okhestra, ndipo imodzi ikagunda inzake, phokoso lamphamvu, la gulu lalikulu limatulutsidwa. Ngati pali pulani imodzi yokha, woimbayo amaimba pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo. Chidacho chimapereka mawu omveka ku nyimbo, sichimayimba payekha. Zodziwika bwino - m'mphepete mwawoonda, makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a dome, m'mimba mwake mwamitundu yakale - mainchesi 16-21.
2. Kwerani. Phokoso lotulutsidwa ndi lalifupi, koma lamphamvu, lowala. Cholinga cha chida ndikuyika mawu omveka. Chodziwika bwino ndi m'mphepete mwake. Kutalika kofanana ndi mainchesi 20. Kusintha kwachitsanzo ndi sizzle - thupi la chida choterocho lili ndi maunyolo, ma rivets kuti alemeretse phokoso lotulutsidwa.
3. Kuwaza. Zosiyana - kukula kochepa, thupi lochepa la disc. Makulidwe a m'mphepete mwake ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi makulidwe a dome. Kutalika kwachitsanzo ndi mainchesi 12, phokoso ndilotsika, lalifupi, lalitali.
4. China. Mawonekedwe - mawonekedwe olamulira, "onyansa" phokoso, kukumbukira phokoso la gong. Gulu lachi China limaphatikizanso mitundu ya swish ndi pang. Amafanana ndi mawonekedwe, amakhala ndi mawu ofanana.

zinganga zachala

Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa - pafupifupi awiri ndi mainchesi awiri okha. Amamangiriridwa ku zala (zapakati ndi zazikulu) mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera, zomwe zimatchedwa mwachinsinsi mbale zamanja. Poyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ovina m'mimba. Dziko lakwawo ndi India, mayiko achiarabu. Masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri - m'magulu amitundu, pakati pa oimba nyimbo za rock.