Nicolai Gedda |

Nicolai gedda

Nikolai Gedda anabadwira ku Stockholm pa July 11, 1925. Mphunzitsi wake anali woimba nyimbo wa ku Russia Mikhail Ustinov, yemwe m'banja lake mnyamatayo ankakhala. Ustinov anakhalanso mphunzitsi woyamba wa woimba tsogolo. Nicholas anakhala ubwana wake Leipzig. Pano, ali ndi zaka zisanu, anayamba kuphunzira kuimba limba, komanso kuimba kwaya ya tchalitchi cha Russia. Iwo anatsogoleredwa ndi Ustinov. "Panthawiyi," wojambulayo adakumbukiranso kuti, "Ndinaphunzira zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri kwa ine ndekha: choyamba, kuti ndimakonda kwambiri nyimbo, ndipo kachiwiri, kuti ndili ndi mawu omveka bwino.

… Ndafunsidwa kambirimbiri komwe ndinapeza mawu otere. Kwa ichi ndikhoza kuyankha chinthu chimodzi chokha: Ndinachilandira kuchokera kwa Mulungu. Ndikanatengera makhalidwe a wojambula kuchokera kwa agogo anga aakazi. Ineyo nthaŵi zonse ndimaona kuti mawu anga oimba ndi ofunika kuwalamulira. Choncho, nthawi zonse ndayesetsa kusamalira mawu anga, kulikulitsa, kukhala ndi moyo woti ndisawononge mphatso yanga.

Mu 1934, Nikolai ndi makolo ake omulera anabwerera ku Sweden. Anamaliza maphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuyamba masiku ogwira ntchito.

“…Chilimwe china ndinagwira ntchito kwa mwamuna woyamba wa Sarah Leander, Nils Leander. Anali ndi nyumba yosindikizira ku Regeringsgatan, adasindikiza bukhu lalikulu lofotokoza za opanga mafilimu, osati otsogolera ndi ochita zisudzo okha, komanso za osunga ndalama m'makanema, makina ndi olamulira. Ntchito yanga inali kulongedza ntchitoyi m’bokosi la positi ndi kuitumiza m’dziko lonselo ndi ndalama potumiza.

M'chilimwe cha 1943, bambo anga anapeza ntchito m'nkhalango: anadula nkhuni wamba pafupi ndi tauni ya Mersht. Ndinapita naye ndi kumuthandiza. Inali chilimwe chokongola modabwitsa, tinadzuka XNUMX koloko m'mawa, nthawi yabwino kwambiri - kunalibe kutentha komanso udzudzu. Tinagwira ntchito mpaka atatu ndikukapumula. Tinkakhala m’nyumba ya anthu wamba.

M’chilimwe cha 1944 ndi 1945, ndinagwira ntchito ku Nurdiska Company, m’dipatimenti imene inakonza maphukusi a zopereka kuti atumizidwe ku Germany - iyi inali thandizo lolinganizidwa, lotsogozedwa ndi Count Folke Bernadotte. Kampani ya Nurdiska inali ndi malo apadera a izi pa Smålandsgatan - mapaketi anali odzaza pamenepo, ndipo ndidalemba zidziwitso ...

... Chidwi chenicheni mu nyimbo chinadzutsidwa ndi wailesi, pamene m'zaka za nkhondo ndinagona kwa maola ambiri ndikumvetsera - poyamba kwa Gigli, ndiyeno kwa Jussi Björling, Mjeremani Richard Tauber ndi Dane Helge Rosvenge. Ndimakumbukira chidwi changa cha tenor Helge Roswenge - anali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri ku Germany panthawi ya nkhondo. Koma Gigli adadzutsa kumverera kwamphepo yamkuntho mwa ine, makamaka kukopeka ndi repertoire yake - ma arias ochokera ku Italy ndi French operas. Madzulo ambiri ndinkakhala pa wailesi, kumvetsera ndi kumvetsera mosalekeza.

Nditatumikira usilikali Nikolai analowa Stockholm Bank ngati wantchito, kumene anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Koma anapitirizabe kulakalaka ntchito yoimba.

“Anzanga apamtima a makolo anga anandiuza kuti ndiphunzire kwa mphunzitsi wina wa ku Latvia, Maria Vintere, asanapite ku Sweden ankaimba ku Riga Opera. Mwamuna wake anali wochititsa m’holo imodzi, ndipo pambuyo pake ndinayamba kuphunzira naye za nyimbo. Maria Wintere ankaphunzira madzulo m’holo yochitira lendi yasukuluyo, ndipo masana ankafunika kupeza zofunika pa moyo pogwira ntchito wamba. Ndinaphunzira naye kwa chaka chimodzi, koma sankadziwa kupanga chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa ine - njira yoimba. Zikuoneka kuti sindinapite patsogolo naye.

Ndinalankhula ndi makasitomala ku ofesi ya banki ponena za nyimbo pamene ndinawathandiza kumasula ma safes. Koposa zonse tidalankhula ndi Bertil Strange - anali woyimba lipenga mu Khothi Chapel. Nditamuuza za vuto la kuphunzira kuimba, iye anatcha Martin Eman kuti: “Ndikuganiza kuti adzakuyenererani.”

… Pamene ndinayimba manambala anga onse, kukopeka kwake kunatha mwa iye, ananena kuti sanamvepo wina aliyense akuyimba zinthu izi mokongola chotere – ndithudi, kupatulapo Gigli ndi Björling. Ndinasangalala ndipo ndinaganiza zogwira naye ntchito. Ndinamuuza kuti ndimagwira ntchito kubanki, kuti ndalama zimene ndimapeza zimapita kukasamalira banja langa. "Tisapange vuto polipira maphunziro," adatero Eman. Ulendo woyamba anandiuza kuti aziphunzira nane kwaulere.

M’dzinja la 1949 ndinayamba kuphunzira ndi Martin Eman. Patatha miyezi ingapo, adandipatsa mayeso a Christina Nilsson Scholarship, panthawiyo anali akorona a 3000. Martin Eman anakhala pa khoti limodzi ndi wochititsa opera panthawiyo, Joel Berglund, ndi woimba wa khoti Marianne Merner. Kenako, Eman adanena kuti Marianne Merner anali wokondwa, zomwe sizinganene za Berglund. Koma ndinalandira bonasi, ndi imodzi, ndipo tsopano ndikhoza kulipira Eman pa maphunziro.

Pamene ndinkapereka macheke aja, Eman anaitana mkulu wina wa banki ya ku Scandinavia, yemwe ankamudziwa bwino. Anandipempha kuti ndigwire ntchito yaganyu kuti andipatse mwayi woti ndipitirize kuyimba mozama. Ndinasamutsidwira ku ofesi yaikulu pa Gustav Adolf Square. Martin Eman adandikonzeranso kafukufuku watsopano ku Academy of Music. Tsopano anandilandira monga wogwira ntchito wodzifunira, zomwe zinatanthauza kuti, kumbali ina, ndinayenera kulemba mayeso, ndipo kumbali ina, ndinamasulidwa ku kupezeka kokakamiza, popeza kuti ndinafunikira kuthera theka la tsiku ku banki.

Ndinapitiriza kuphunzira ndi Eman, ndipo tsiku lililonse panthaŵiyo, kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1951, ntchito inali yodzaza ndi ntchito. Zaka izi zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri m'moyo wanga, ndiye zambiri zinanditsegukira mwadzidzidzi ...

… Chimene Martin Eman anandiphunzitsa ine poyamba chinali “kukonzekeretsa” mau. Izi sizimangochitika chifukwa chakuti mumadetsa ku "o" komanso mumagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa kutseguka kwa mmero ndi chithandizo cha chithandizo. Woimbayo nthawi zambiri amapuma ngati anthu onse, osati pakhosi pokha, komanso mozama, ndi mapapu. Kupeza njira yoyenera yopumira kuli ngati kudzaza decanter ndi madzi, muyenera kuyambira pansi. Amadzaza mapapu mozama - kotero kuti ndizokwanira kwa mawu aatali. Ndiye m'pofunika kuthetsa vuto la momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mpweya mosamala kuti asasiyidwe popanda mpaka kumapeto kwa mawuwo. Zonsezi Eman adatha kundiphunzitsa mwangwiro, chifukwa iye mwini anali tenora ndipo ankadziwa bwino mavutowa.

April 8, 1952 anali kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Hedda. Tsiku lotsatira, nyuzipepala zambiri za ku Swedish zinayamba kunena za chipambano chachikulu cha munthu watsopanoyo.

Panthawi imeneyo, kampani yojambula nyimbo ya Chingerezi EMAI inali kufunafuna woyimba kuti atenge gawo la Pretender mu opera ya Mussorgsky Boris Godunov, yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa m'Chirasha. Wopanga mawu wodziwika bwino Walter Legge adabwera ku Stockholm kudzafunafuna woyimba. Oyang'anira nyumba ya opera adapempha Legge kuti akonze zoyeserera za oimba aluso kwambiri. VV akufotokoza zolankhula za Gedda. Timokhin:

"Woyimbayo adayimbira Legge the "Aria with a Flower" kuchokera ku "Carmen", akuwunikira B-flat yokongola kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, Legge adafunsa mnyamatayo kuti ayimbe mawu omwewo molingana ndi zolemba za wolemba - diminuendo ndi pianissimo. Wojambulayo adakwaniritsa chikhumbo ichi popanda khama. Madzulo omwewo, Gedda anaimba, tsopano kwa Dobrovijn, kachiwiri "aria ndi duwa" ndi ma arias awiri ndi Ottavio. Legge, mkazi wake Elisabeth Schwarzkopf ndi Dobrovein anali ogwirizana m'malingaliro awo - anali ndi woimba wodziwika bwino pamaso pawo. Nthawi yomweyo mgwirizano unasainidwa naye kuti achite gawo la Pretender. Komabe, awa sanali mapeto a nkhaniyi. Legge adadziwa kuti Herbert Karajan, yemwe adawonetsa Don Giovanni wa Mozart ku La Scala, anali ndi vuto lalikulu posankha woyimba kuti akhale Ottavio, ndipo adatumiza telegalamu yayifupi kuchokera ku Stockholm kwa wotsogolera komanso wotsogolera zisudzo Antonio Ghiringelli: "Ndapeza. abwino Ottavio ". Ghiringelli nthawi yomweyo adayitanira Gedda kukayezetsa ku La Scala. Pambuyo pake Giringelli adanena kuti mu kotala la zaka zana la udindo wake monga wotsogolera, anali asanakumanepo ndi woimba wakunja yemwe angakhale ndi chidziwitso changwiro cha chinenero cha Chitaliyana. Gedda nthawi yomweyo anaitanidwa ku udindo wa Ottavio. Kuimba kwake kunali kopambana kwambiri, ndipo wolemba nyimbo Carl Orff, yemwe Triumphs trilogy yake inali itangokonzekera kumene ku La Scala, nthawi yomweyo anapereka wojambula wachichepereyo gawo la Mkwati mu gawo lomaliza la trilogy, Aphrodite's Triumph. Kotero, patangopita chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa ntchito yoyamba pa siteji, Nikolai Gedda adadziwika kuti ndi woimba ndi dzina la ku Ulaya.

Mu 1954, Gedda anaimba m'malo atatu akuluakulu a nyimbo ku Ulaya nthawi imodzi: ku Paris, London ndi Vienna. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi ulendo wa konsati wa mizinda ya Germany, masewero pa chikondwerero cha nyimbo mumzinda wa ku France wa Aix-en-Provence.

M'zaka zapakati pa makumi asanu, Gedda ali kale ndi mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu Novembala 1957, adawonekera koyamba mu Gounod's Faust ku New York Metropolitan Opera House. Kupitilira apa adayimba chaka chilichonse kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri.

Atangoyamba kumene ku Metropolitan, Nikolai Gedda anakumana ndi woimba wa ku Russia komanso mphunzitsi wa mawu Polina Novikova, yemwe ankakhala ku New York. Gedda anayamikira kwambiri maphunziro ake: “Ndikhulupirira kuti nthaŵi zonse pamakhala ngozi ya zolakwa zing’onozing’ono zomwe zingakhale zakupha ndipo pang’onopang’ono woyimbayo akupita kunjira yolakwika. Woimbayo sangathe, monga woyimba zida, adzimva yekha, choncho kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Mwamwayi ndinakumana ndi mphunzitsi amene luso loimba lasanduka sayansi. Panthawi ina, Novikova anali wotchuka kwambiri ku Italy. Mphunzitsi wake anali Mattia Battistini mwiniwake. Iye anali ndi sukulu yabwino komanso wotchuka bass-baritone George London.

Zambiri zowala za mbiri yaluso ya Nikolai Gedda zimagwirizana ndi Metropolitan Theatre. Mu Okutobala 1959, momwe amachitira mu Massenet's Manon adakoka ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa atolankhani. Otsutsa sanalephere kuzindikira kukongola kwa mawu, chisomo chodabwitsa ndi ulemu wa machitidwe a woimbayo.

Zina mwa maudindo omwe Gedda adayimba pagawo la New York, Hoffmann ("Nthano za Hoffmann" ndi Offenbach), Duke ("Rigoletto"), Elvino ("Sleepwalker"), Edgar ("Lucia di Lammermoor") ndi odziwika bwino. Ponena za momwe Ottavio adayimba, m'modzi mwa owunikirawo analemba kuti: "Monga woimba nyimbo wa ku Mozartian, Hedda ali ndi anthu ochepa omwe amapikisana nawo pamasewero amakono a opera: ufulu wochita bwino komanso kukoma kwake, chikhalidwe chachikulu cha luso komanso mphatso yodabwitsa ya virtuoso. woimba amamulola kuti akwaniritse nyimbo za Mozart.

Mu 1973, Gedda anaimba mu Chirasha gawo la Herman mu The Queen of Spades. Chisangalalo chogwirizana cha omvera a ku America chinayambikanso ndi ntchito ina ya "Russian" ya woimba - gawo la Lensky.

"Lensky ndi gawo lomwe ndimakonda kwambiri," akutero Gedda. "Muli chikondi ndi ndakatulo zambiri mmenemo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sewero lenileni." M'modzi mwa ndemanga pakuchita kwa woimbayo, timawerenga kuti: "Polankhula mu Eugene Onegin, Gedda akupezeka kuti ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi iye yekha kotero kuti nyimbo ndi ndakatulo zomwe zili m'chifanizo cha Lensky zimakhudzidwa kwambiri komanso mozama. mawonekedwe osangalatsa kuchokera kwa wojambula. Zikuoneka kuti moyo wa ndakatulo wamng'ono akuimba, ndi chikoka chowala, maloto ake, maganizo olekanitsa ndi moyo, wojambula amaonetsa ndi kuona mtima ochititsa, kuphweka ndi kuona mtima.

Mu Marichi 1980, Gedda adayendera dziko lathu koyamba. Iye anachita pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR ndendende mu udindo wa Lensky ndi bwino kwambiri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, woimba nthawi zambiri ankayendera dziko lathu.

Wotsutsa zaluso Svetlana Savenko akulemba kuti:

"Popanda kukokomeza, tenor waku Sweden amatha kutchedwa woyimba wapadziko lonse lapansi: mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi mitundu imapezeka kwa iye - kuchokera ku nyimbo za Renaissance kupita ku Orff ndi nyimbo zachi Russia, machitidwe osiyanasiyana amitundu. Iye ali wokhutiritsa mofanana mu Rigoletto ndi Boris Godunov, mu misa ya Bach ndi mu chikondi cha Grieg. Mwina izi zikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, mawonekedwe a wojambula yemwe anakulira kudziko lachilendo ndipo adakakamizika kuti azolowere chikhalidwe chozungulira. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, kusinthasintha kumafunikanso kusungidwa ndi kukulitsidwa: pamene Gedda anakula, akanatha kuiwala chinenero cha Chirasha, chinenero cha ubwana ndi unyamata wake, koma izi sizinachitike. Phwando la Lensky ku Moscow ndi Leningrad linamveka mu kutanthauzira kwake kwatanthauzo kwambiri komanso kosamveka bwino.

Kalembedwe ka Nikolai Gedda mosangalala Chili ndi mbali zingapo, osachepera atatu, masukulu dziko. Zimatengera mfundo za bel canto waku Italiya, kuwongolera komwe kuli kofunikira kwa woimba aliyense amene akufuna kudzipereka ku classics opareshoni. Kuyimba kwa Hedda kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kupuma kwakukulu kwa mawu amtundu wa bel canto, kuphatikiza kumveka bwino kwa mawu: syllable iliyonse yatsopano imalowa m'malo mwa yapitayo, osaphwanya mawu amodzi, ngakhale kuyimbako kungakhale kolimbikitsa bwanji. . Chifukwa chake kugwirizana kwa mawu a Hedda, kusakhalapo kwa "msoko" pakati pa zolembera, zomwe nthawi zina zimapezeka ngakhale pakati pa oimba otchuka. Tenor yake ndi yokongola mofanana m'kaundula iliyonse. "