Didgeridoo: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, phokoso, chiyambi, ntchito

Kontinenti ya Australia, yodzaza ndi zinsinsi zambiri, yakhala ikukopa anthu ambiri oyenda, okonda mikwingwirima, ofufuza ndi asayansi. Pang'onopang'ono, Australia yodabwitsa inasiyana ndi zinsinsi zake, ndikusiya zapamtima kwambiri kuposa kumvetsetsa kwa munthu wamakono. Zochitika zosafotokozedwa pang'ono zotere zikuphatikiza anthu amtundu wa kontinenti yobiriwira. Cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu odabwitsawa, omwe amafotokozedwa muzochitika zapadera, miyambo, zinthu zapakhomo, zimasungidwa mosamala ndi mbadwo uliwonse. Choncho, n’zosadabwitsa kuti nyimbo zomveka kuchokera ku didgeridoo, chida choimbira chachikhalidwe cha anthu a m’dzikoli, n’zofanana ndendende ndi zaka 2000 zapitazo.

Kodi didgeridoo ndi chiyani

Didgeridoo ndi chida choimbira, mtundu wa lipenga lachikale. Chida chotulutsa mawu chimathanso kudziwika kuti ndi embouchure, chifukwa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake a m'kamwa.

Dzina lakuti "didgeridoo" linaperekedwa ku chida, kufalikira ku Ulaya ndi New World. Kuonjezera apo, dzinali likhoza kumveka kuchokera kwa oimira zilankhulo ziwiri za anthu amtunduwu. Pakati pa mbadwa, chida ichi chimatchedwa mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a ku Yolngu amatcha lipenga ili "idaki", ndipo pakati pa fuko la Nailnail, chida choimbira chamatabwa chimatchedwa "ngaribi".

Chida chipangizo

Njira yopangira lipenga la didgeridoo ili ndi mawonekedwe odziwika a nyengo. Zoona zake n’zakuti chiswe kapena, monga mmene zimatchulidwiranso, nyerere zazikulu zoyera zimagwira nawo ntchito imeneyi. Panthawi ya chilala, tizilombo tofunafuna chinyezi timadya pakatikati pa thunthu la bulugamu. Zonse zomwe zatsala kuti mbadwa zichite ndikudula mtengo wakufa, kuumasula ku khungwa, kugwedeza fumbi, kuyika phula la njuchi kapena dongo ndikuzikongoletsa ndi zokongoletsera zakale - totems za fuko.

Kutalika kwa chida kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti anthu a m’dzikoli amagwiritsabe ntchito chikwanje, nkhwangwa yamwala ndi ndodo yaitali ngati zida zogwirira ntchito.

Momwe didgeridoo imamvekera komanso momwe mungasewere

Phokoso lotulutsidwa ndi didgeridoo limachokera ku 70-75 mpaka 100 Hz. M'malo mwake, kung'ung'udza kosalekeza komwe kumasintha kukhala mawu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zokometsera zovuta zomveka bwino m'manja mwa mbadwa kapena woimba waluso.

Kwa woyimba wosazindikira kapena woyamba, kuchotsa mawu kuchokera ku didgeridoo ndi ntchito yosatheka. Choyamba, m'pofunika kufananitsa pakamwa pa chitoliro, chomwe chingakhale choposa 4 masentimita m'mimba mwake, ndi milomo ya woimbayo m'njira yoti yotsirizirayo igwedezeke mosalekeza. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa njira yapadera yopumira mosalekeza, chifukwa kuyimitsa kudzoza kumaphatikizapo kutha kwa mawu. Pofuna kusiyanitsa phokoso, wosewera mpira sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito milomo yokha, komanso lilime, masaya, minofu ya laryngeal ndi diaphragm.

Kungoyang'ana koyamba, phokoso la didgeridoo silimveka komanso lotopetsa. Sizili choncho nkomwe. Chida choimbira choimba champhepo chingasonkhezere munthu m’njira zosiyanasiyana: kuloŵerera m’maganizo omvetsa chisoni, kuchititsa mantha, kuloŵa m’chizimbwizimbwi, mbali imodzi, ndi kuchititsa kumva kupepuka, chimwemwe chopanda malire ndi chisangalalo, kumbali inayo.

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha chida

Zimadziwika kuti chida chofanana ndi didgeridoo chinalipo ku Green Continent kale kwambiri ku Europe woyamba kusanachitike. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa momveka bwino ndi zojambula za miyala zomwe zinapezedwa paulendo wofukula mabwinja. Woyamba kufotokoza chitoliro cha mwambo anali katswiri wa ethnographer dzina lake Wilson. M’zolemba zake, za m’chaka cha 1835, akufotokoza kuti anadabwa kwenikweni ndi phokoso la chida chachilendo chopangidwa kuchokera ku tsinde la mtengo.

Zowonjezereka ndizofotokozera za didgeridoo monga gawo la kafukufuku wolembedwa ndi mmishonale wachingelezi Adolphus Peter Elkin mu 1922. Iye sanangolongosola mwatsatanetsatane chipangizo cha chida, njira yopangira, komanso anayesa kufotokoza. kukhudzidwa kwamalingaliro komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi anthu amtundu waku Australia komanso kwa aliyense amene adagwa m'dera la mawu ake.

Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, kujambula koyamba kwa didgeridoo kunapangidwa. Izi zinachitidwa ndi Sir Baldwin Spencer ndi galamafoni ndi masilinda a sera.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya didgeridoo

Chitoliro chapamwamba cha ku Australia chimapangidwa ndi matabwa a bulugamu, ndipo amatha kukhala ngati silinda kapena njira yokulirakulira mpaka pansi. Didgeridoo ya cylindrical imatulutsa mawu otsika komanso ozama, pamene mtundu wachiwiri wa lipenga umamveka mobisa komanso kuboola. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya zida zamphepo idayamba kuwonekera ndi bondo losuntha, zomwe zimakulolani kusintha kamvekedwe. Imatchedwa kuti didgeribon kapena slide didgeridoo.

Ambuye amasiku ano omwe amapanga zida zamphepo zamtundu, akudzilola kuyesa, amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni - beech, phulusa, thundu, hornbeam, etc. Didgeridoos awa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, popeza maonekedwe awo amamveka ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri oimba. Oyamba kapena anthu okondwa amatha kudzipangira okha chida chachilendo kuchokera ku chitoliro cha pulasitiki wamba kuchokera ku sitolo ya hardware.

Kugwiritsa ntchito didgeridoo

Chiwopsezo cha kutchuka kwa chidacho ku kontinenti yaku Europe komanso ku USA kudabwera m'ma 70-80s, pomwe panali kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha kilabu. DJs adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha ku Australia mwachangu muzolemba zawo kuti apatse nyimbo zawo kununkhira kwamitundu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, akatswiri oimba anayamba kusonyeza chidwi pa chipangizo choimbira cha Aaborijini a ku Australia.

Masiku ano, oimba bwino kwambiri a nyimbo zachikale sazengereza kuphatikiza didgeridoo m’gulu la oimba limodzi ndi zida zina zoimbira. Kuphatikiza ndi phokoso lachikhalidwe la zida za ku Ulaya, phokoso lapadera la lipenga limapereka ntchito zodziwika bwino za nyimbo kuwerenga kwatsopano, kosayembekezereka.

Akatswiri ofufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu sanathe kufotokoza zambiri kapena zochepa zodalirika za kumene aaborigines anachokera ku Australia, chifukwa chake maonekedwe ndi moyo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi anthu ofanana m'madera ena a dziko lapansi. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika: cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu akale, omwe adapatsa dziko lapansi didgeridoo, ndi gawo lamtengo wapatali la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitukuko cha anthu.